This is completely inspired by the paper linked here: http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/people/daniel.james/sorting/sorting.pdf
Insert Sort is a method of sorting in which you "reinsert" each element into the list of elements before it. Essentially, for each element, you move that element left past each element that is bigger than it.
The algorithmic invariant you have is that the list up to the current element is sorted.