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import pandas as pd
pd.concat([df1, df2], axis=0, ignore_index=False)

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import pandas as pd

# save single sheet for excel file
df.to_excel(fp, index=True, columns=True)

# save multiple sheets for excel file
with pd.ExcelWriter(fp) as writer:
  df1.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='sheet1')
  df2.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='sheet2')

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# linecache module allows one to get any line fromm python source code file

import linecache
linecache.getline(filename, line_number, module_globals=None)
# get line line_number from file named filename
# ex. line = linecache.getline('./test.txt', 8)
# get 8th line from test.txt

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s = {1,2,3}
s.add(4)
print(s)
# {1,2,3,4}

s.remove(3)
print(s)
# {1,2,4}

s1 = {1,2,3}

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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.pie(fraction, startangle, wedgeprops, autopct, explode, **)
# example: plt.pie(frac, startangle=90, wedgeprops={'linewidth': 3, 'edgecolor':"white"}, autopct="%1.1f%%", explode=[0.2, 0, 0, 0, 0]
# fraction: total of fraction should be 1
# startangle: startangle
# wedgeprops: edge props
# autopct: show percentage 
# explode: array for explode

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sorted(iterable, key)
# - iterable: list, dict
# - key: function called to each element before comparison

score = {'kokugo': 33, 'sansuu': 85, 'eigo': 60}
# when you want to sort by key
score_sorted = sorted(score.items(), key=lambda x:x[0])

# when you want to sort by value
score_sorted = sorted(score.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True)

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from datetime import datetime as dt
        
def get_timestamp():
    dt_obj = dt.now()
    return dt_obj.strftime("%Y/%m/%d, %H:%M:%S")
  

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import os
current_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("__file__"))

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環境変数の設定の仕方
  - ~/.config/fish/config.fishに書き込む

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def __str__(self)
  # printやformat文の引数としてオブジェクトが指定された時に
  # 呼び出され、非公式の文字列表現を返す。
  
def __call__()
  # classを直接呼び出す時に実行される。
  
def __repr__()
  # 正式なオブジェクトの内容を文字列で返し、
  # インタプリターが同値性をチェックする時に使われる。