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语法 | |
null object => boolean | |
参数和值 | |
object --- 一个 object | |
boolean --- 一个 boolean | |
描述 | |
如果 object 是一个空 list, 返回 T, 否则返回 nil |
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语法 | |
nconc &rest lists => concatenated-list | |
参数和值 | |
list --- 除了最后一个, 其他的必须为 list, 最后一个可以是任何 object | |
concatenated-list --- 一个 list | |
描述 | |
返回一个list, 这个list 连接了所有的list |
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语法 | |
last list &optional n => tail | |
参数和值 | |
list --- 一个 list | |
n --- 一个正整数, 默认为1 | |
tail --- 一个 object | |
描述 | |
last 返回最后的n 个 conses, 如果 list 为空, 则返回空 |
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语法(这个set函数已过时) | |
set symbol value => value | |
参数和值 | |
symbol --- 一个 symbol | |
value --- 一个 object | |
描述 | |
set 给 symbol 的内容赋值为 value |
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描述 | |
+ --- 前一条被求值 form | |
++ --- + 之前的一条被求值的 form, 即倒数第二条被求值的 form | |
+++ --- ++ 之前的一条被求值的 form, 即倒数第三条被求值的 form | |
代码 | |
* (print 1) | |
1 | |
1 |
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描述 | |
* 的值是最近的 primary value, ** 是再之前的的 primary value, *** 是倒数第三次的 primary value | |
代码 | |
* (values 'a1 'a2) | |
A1 | |
A2 | |
* 'b | |
B |
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描述 | |
/ 是 最近的一个values的 list, // 是倒数第二个values的 list, /// 是倒数第三个values的list | |
代码 | |
* (values 'a1 'a2) | |
A1 | |
A2 | |
* / | |
(A1 A2) |
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语法 | |
symbol-value symbol => value | |
(setf (symbol-value symbol) new-value) | |
参数和值 | |
symbol --- 一个 symbol ,这个 symbol 必须有值 | |
value, new-value --- 一个 object | |
描述 | |
存取 symbol 的 value |
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描述 | |
由于Common Lisp 是词法作用域的,所以如果定义含有自由变量的函数,系统就必须在函数定义时保存那些变量的绑定 | |
这种函数和一组变量绑定的组合称为闭包 |
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语法 | |
boundp symbol => generalized-boolean | |
参数和值 | |
symbol --- 一个 symbol | |
generalized-boolean --- 一个 generalized boolean | |
描述 | |
如果 symbol 被绑定了, 返回 true, 否则返回 false |