the only way to early break Promise .then() chain is to make the code fall into .catch()

promise-chain-break.js

const myLimit = 3;

function checkLimit(data) {
  if (data === myLimit) {
    const err = new Error('let me exit!');
    err.data = `${data} is the enough!!!`;
    throw err; // or, return Promise.reject(err)
  }
}

function asyncAddOne(data) {
  const hardLimit = 10;
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      const result = Number.isNaN(data + 1) ? 0 : data + 1;
      const err = new Error('stop!');
      err.data = `${result} is enough.`;
      result < hardLimit ? resolve(result) : reject(err);
    }, 1000);
  });
}

(function() {
  const init = 0;
  asyncAddOne(init)
    .then(data1 => { // 1
      console.log('data1:', data1);
      checkLimit(data1);
      return asyncAddOne(data1);
    })
    .then(data2 => { // 2
      console.log('data2:', data2);
      checkLimit(data2);
      return asyncAddOne(data2);
    })
    .then(data3 => { // 3
      // return console.log('data3:', data3) won't break the .then() chain
      // instead it just makes the data4 become undefined
      // since the asyncAddOne handles NaN, the data5 will become 0
      // and the the code will keep going
      // data4: undefined, data5: 0, data6: 1, data7: 2, data8: 3, exit
      console.log('data3:', data3);
      checkLimit(data3); // the only way to break the .then() chain is to throw an error or return a Promise rejection to make the code fall into the .cache() handler
      return asyncAddOne(data3);
    })
    .then(data4 => { // 4
      console.log('data4:', data4);
      checkLimit(data4);
      return asyncAddOne(data4);
    })
    .then(data5 => { // 5
      console.log('data5:', data5);
      checkLimit(data5);
      return asyncAddOne(data5);
    })
    .then(data6 => { // 6
      console.log('data6:', data6);
      checkLimit(data6);
      return asyncAddOne(data6);
    })
    .then(data7 => { // 7
      console.log('data7:', data7);
      checkLimit(data7);
      return asyncAddOne(data7);
    })
    .then(data8 => { // 8
      console.log('data8:', data8);
      checkLimit(data8);
      return asyncAddOne(data8);
    })
    .then(data9 => { // 9
      console.log('data9:', data9);
      checkLimit(data9);
      return asyncAddOne(data9);
    })
    .then(data10 => { // ✋unreachable
      console.log('data10:', data10);
    })
    .catch(error => {
      console.error(error.message, error.data); // stop! 10 is enough.
    });
})();

OUTPUT >>>

data1: 1
data2: 2
data3: 3
let me exit! 3 is the enough!!!

if myLimit is set to 10 or greater than 10:

data1: 1
data2: 2
data3: 3
data4: 4
data5: 5
data6: 6
data7: 7
data8: 8
data9: 9
stop! 10 is enough.