Burning and verifying CD/DVD/Blu-ray discs

burn-cd-dvd-blu-ray.md

🔍 Check available write speeds for DVD/Blu-ray

dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/sr0 | grep "Write speed"

🔍 Check available write speeds for CDs

cdrecord -prcap dev=/dev/sr0 | grep "Write speed"

📀 Create ISO from files (for DVD/Blu-ray)

mkisofs -o my_disc.iso -udf -iso-level 3 -J -R -V "REPLACE-DISC-LABEL" /path/to/files

(Use -iso-level 3 to allow files larger than 2 GiB to be included in the ISO.)

🔥 Burn ISO to DVD/Blu-ray (automatic detection)

growisofs -Z /dev/sr0=my_disc.iso -speed=2

🔥 Burn ISO to CD (use cdrecord instead of growisofs)

cdrecord -v speed=8 dev=/dev/sr0 -data -eject -pad my_disc.iso

✅ Verify the burned disc with dvdisaster (checks for read errors)

dvdisaster -c -i /dev/sr0

(This checks for errors and maps bad sectors on the disc.)

✅ Verify the disc can be fully read (good for detecting corrupt sectors)

readom dev=/dev/sr0 f=/dev/null

(Reads the entire disc without copying files to ensure it’s fully readable.)

✅ Verify data integrity (compare checksum of ISO generated with ISO read from disc)

dd if=/dev/sr0 of=read_from_disc.iso bs=4M status=progress
md5sum my_disc.iso read_from_disc.iso

(Reads disc and generates ISO, then compare with original ISO that was burned.)

🔹 Determine burn speed, check metadata (if stored on the disc)

dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/sr0 | grep "Write speed"

🔹 For CDs, check disc ATIP (may contain burn speed info)

cdrecord -atip dev=/dev/sr0

(Displays detailed information about CD media, including supported write speeds.)

🔹 For detailed Blu-ray/DVD information

isoinfo -d -i /dev/sr0

(Displays the disc's ISO 9660 structure and metadata, including volume labels and file system.)