code style design

Exploration of coding ideas

### DRY原则(Don't Repeat Yourself)
* 最初级的DRY：语法级别
  * before
  ```java
  System.out.println(1);
  System.out.println(2);
  ……
  System.out.println(10);
  ```
  * after
  ```java
  for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    System.out.println(i);
  }
  ```
* 进阶的DRY原则：方法级别
  * before
  ```java
  try {
    Thread.sleep(1000);
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  ```
  * after
  ```java
  private static void threadSleep(int millis) {
      try {
        Thread.sleep(millis);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
  }
  threadSleep();
  ```
* 继续进阶的DRY原则：类型级别
  * before
  ```java
  public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    // Setter & Getter ...
  }
  Person person = new Person();
  person.setName("jack");
  person.setAge(18);
  Person person2 = new Person();
  person2.setName("rose");
  person2.setAge(17);
  .....
  System.out.printf("Name: %s, Age:%d\n",person.getName(), person.getAge());
  System.out.printf("Name: %s, Age:%d\n",person2.getName(), person2.getAge());
  .....
  ```
  * after
  ```java
  public Person(String name, int age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    public String toString() {
      return String.format("Name: %s, Age: %d", name, age);
    }
  }

  Person person1 = new Person("jack", 18);
  Person person2 = new Person("rose", 17);
  System.out.println(person1.toString());
  System.out.println(person2.toString());
  ```
* 继续继续进阶的DRY原则：多个类组合级别
  ```java
  List<Person> list = new ArrayList<>();
  list.add(new Person("jack", 18));
  list.add(new Person("rose", 17));

  list.forEach(p -> System.out.println(p));
  ```
* 设计模式(最佳实践)
  * before
  ```java
  public static boolean updatePassword(String username, String  password, String newpassword) {
    Connection conn = null;
    PreparedStatement stmt = null;
    ResultSet rs = null;
    boolean success = false;
    try {
        conn = beginTransaction();
        stmt = conn.prepareStatement("select id, password from user where username = ?");
        stmt.setString(1, username);
        rs = stmt.executeQuery();
        if (rs.next()) {
            if (rs.getString("password").equals(password)) {
                PreparedStatement stmt2 = null;
                try {
                    stmt2 = conn.prepareStatement("update user set password = ? where id = ?");
                    stmt2.setString(1, newpassword);
                    stmt2.setLong(2, rs.getLong("id"));
                    success = stmt2.executeUpdate() > 0;
                } finally {
                    safeClose(stmt2);
                }
            }
        }
        commitTransaction(conn);
        return success;
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        rollbackTransaction(conn);
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally {
        safeClose(rs);
        safeClose(stmt);
        safeClose(conn);
    }
  }
  ```
  * after
  ```java
  public static boolean updatePassword(String username, String  password, String newpassword) {
    return connection(conn -> statement(conn, "select id, password from user where username = ?", stmt -> {
        stmt.setString(1, username);
        return resultSet(stmt, rs -> {
            if (rs.next()) {
                if (rs.getString("password").equals(password)) {
                    long id = rs.getLong("id");
                    return statement(conn, "update user set password = ? where id = ?", stmt2 -> {
                        stmt2.setString(1, newpassword);
                        stmt2.setLong(2, id);
                        return stmt2.executeUpdate() == 1;
                    });
                }
            }
            return false;
        });
    }));
  }
  
  public interface ConnectionCallback<T> {
    T doConnection(Connection conn) throws SQLException;
  }
  public interface StatementCallback<T> {
    T doStatement(PreparedStatement stmt) throws SQLException;
  }
  public interface ResultSetCallback<T> {
    T doResultSet(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException;
  }
  public static <T> T connection(ConnectionCallback<T> callback) {
    Connection conn = null;
    T result = null;
    try {
        conn = beginTransaction();
        result = callback.doConnection(conn);
        commitTransaction(conn);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        rollbackTransaction(conn);
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally {
        safeClose(conn);
    }
    return result;
  }
  public static <T> T statement(Connection conn, String sql, StatementCallback<T> callback) throws SQLException {
    PreparedStatement stmt = null;
    T result = null;
    try {
        stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        result = callback.doStatement(stmt);
    } finally {
        safeClose(stmt);
    }
    return result;
  }
  public static <T> T resultSet(PreparedStatement stmt, ResultSetCallback<T> callback) throws SQLException {
    ResultSet rs = null;
    T result = null;
    try {
        rs = stmt.executeQuery();
        result = callback.doResultSet(rs);
    } finally {
        safeClose(rs);
    }
    return result;
  }
  ```
* 框架
  ```java
  @Transactional
  public boolean updatePassword(String username, String password, String newpassword) {
    User user = (User) session().createQuery("from User where username = :username")
            .setString("username", username)
            .uniqueResult();
    if (user != null && user.getPassword().equals(password)) {
        user.setPassword(newpassword);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  ```