ALSchwalm

ALSchwalm

ALSchwalm

let cat = Cat {
  meow_factor: 7
  purr_factor: 8
};

let dog = Dog { ... };

let clone_mammal: &CloneMammal;
if get_random_bool() == true {
  clone_mammal = &cat;

ALSchwalm

let cat = Cat {
  meow_factor: 7
  purr_factor: 8
};

// No problem, a CloneMammal is impl for Cat
let clone_mammal: &CloneMammal = cat;

// Error!
let clone: &Clone = &clone_mammal;  

ALSchwalm

trait CloneMammal: Clone + Mammal{}

impl<T> CloneMammal for T where T: Clone + Mammal{}

ALSchwalm

struct CloningLab {
    subjects: Vec<Box<Mammal + Clone>>,
}

impl CloningLab {
    fn clone_subjects(&self) -> Vec<Box<Mammal + Clone>> {
        self.subjects.clone()
    }
}

ALSchwalm

struct CloningLab {
    subjects: Vec<Box<Mammal>>,
}

trait Mammal {
    fn walk(&self);
    fn run(&self);
}

#[derive(Clone)]

ALSchwalm

""" A simple script to locate vtable groups in binaries with the Itanium ABI.

Note that this script does not account for virtual inheritance or (more notably),
cases were the vtable contains null pointers. This may happen in more recent
compilers with purely abstract types.
"""

import idaapi
import idautils

ALSchwalm

Bat* bat = new Bat();
Bird* b = bat;
Mammal* m = bat;

ALSchwalm

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

struct Mammal {
  Mammal() { std::cout << "Mammal::Mammal\n"; }
  virtual ~Mammal() {}
  virtual void walk() { std::cout << "Mammal::walk\n"; }
};

struct Cat : Mammal {