Martin Splitt AVGP

A primer on x86 assembly with GNU assembler

When it comes to assembly language, it isn't as hard as many people think. Fundamentally, you write short, human-readable commands for the processor to execute (your assembly code) and then use a tool (the actual assembler) to translate your code into machine-readable binary instructions. Unlike high-level languages, assembly language is very simple and doesn't have that many features. The difficulty is to deal with memory and build more complex flows (e.g. loops or I/O) from the simple primitives that the assembly language gives you.

Registers and instructions

CPUs usually have small, very fast storage available for the data that is used in its instructions. This kind of storage is much smaller but also much faster than the RAM and is called registers. An x86 processor has a bunch of them to store generic data, manage the stack, keep track of the current instruction and other administrative inform

	<script>
	class MyThing extends HTMLElement {
	constructor() { super() }
	connectedCallback() {
	this.textContent += 'World'
	}
	}
	</script>
	<my-thing>Hello</my-thing>

	<!doctype html>
	<html>
	<body>
	<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/86/three.min.js"></script>
	<script src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/mrdoob/three.js/r86/examples/js/loaders/GLTF2Loader.js"></script>

	<script>
	var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer()
	renderer.setSize(500, 500)
	renderer.setClearColor(0)

	var ffmpeg = require('ffmpeg.js/ffmpeg-mp4.js')

	document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', (evt) => {
	document.querySelector('[camera]').setAttribute('animation', {
	property: 'rotation',
	to: '0 360 0',
	dur: 10000,
	easing: 'linear'
	})

	<!doctype html>
	<html>
	<head>
	<script src="https://aframe.io/releases/0.7.0/aframe.min.js"></script>
	<script src="https://dist.3d.io/3dio-js/1.x.x/3dio.min.js"></script>
	</head>
	<body>
	<a-scene>
	<a-entity position="0 0 -2" io3d-data3d="url:untitled.gz.data3d.buffer"></a-entity>
	</a-scene>

	#include <linux/module.h>
	#include <linux/init.h>
	#include <linux/kernel.h>
	#include <linux/unistd.h>
	#include <linux/utsname.h>

	#define MEM_READONLY 0x10000 // bit 16 in cr0 specifies if "readonly" memory is protected

	// we define a type for the original uname syscall handler function
	typedef asmlinkage long (orig_uname_t)(struct new_utsname );

	basic-floor
	basic-balcony
	basic-wall
	basic-ceiling
	wood_parquet_oak
	wood_parquet_4
	wood_parquet_oak_stained
	wood_parquet_oak_dark
	wood_parquet_oak_black
	floor_oak_parquet

	<link rel="import" href="../../bower_components/polymer/polymer-element.html">
	<link rel="import" href="../../bower_components/iron-ajax/iron-ajax.html">

	<dom-module id="polymer-playground-app">
	<template>
	<iron-ajax auto url="https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1" handle-as="json" last-response="{{post}}"></iron-ajax>
	<p>[[post.title]]</p>
	</template>

	<script>

	<!doctype html>
	<html>
	<body>
	<h1>Rendered using JavaScript:</h1>
	<p></p>
	<!-- JavaScript - should be removed by the prerendering -->
	<script>
	const paragraph = document.querySelector('p');
	paragraph.textContent = "Hello, World!";
	</script>