Python programming functions

function : ord('A') give ASCII value of 65
           ord('a') give ASCII calue of 97

reverse dunction as ord() is chr()

          chr(65) = 'A'
          chr(97) = 'a'
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function map() : 
                this function used to map data from one format to other 
     
                list(map(int,list_of_string)) :   this will return list of integer 
                list(map(int,char(string_value)) : this will convert string into list of integer 
                
                Syntax : map(Function,iterable)
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function filter():
                Syntax for this is same as map 
                it just check some validation on data in iterable and then return the same value 
                so map() is used to tranform data and filter() is used to select data on some contion
                
 example :
  print(list( filter((lambda x: x < 0), range(-5,5)))) it will select [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1]
  print(list(map((lambda  x:x*x),range(1,5))))   it will give [1, 4, 9, 16]

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function reduce():
                  this will reduce data to a single value :
                  it will take one element and its successor and perform operation, this continues till single value 
                  
                  from functools import reduce      <*Note this package is required to import >
                  print (reduce( (lambda x, y: x * y), [1, 2, 3, 4] ))
                  
                  op = 1*2*3*4*=24