C++ basic statements

basic.cpp

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main () {

    // write your stuff here

    int x; // declare variable for a an "integer" value 
    float x; // declare variable for a "real" value
    double x; // declare variable for a more precise "real" value
    bool x; // declare variable for a value of `true` or `false`
    char x; // declare variable for a character value. See ASCII table: http://www.asciitable.com/ 
    
    cin >> x; // read value from user
    cout << "message"; // print a message
    cout << x; // print the value from x
    cout << endl; // print a new line

    x = 5; // assign a value to x
    x = 'a'; // assign a character value to x
    x = true; // assign true to a variable
    x = false; // assign false to a variable
    x = y; // assign the value from y to x
    x = y + z; // add two numbers and put the resulting number in x
    x = y - z; // subtract two numbers and put the resulting number in x
    x = y * z; // multiply two numbers and put the resulting number in x
    x = y / z; // division two numbers and put the resulting number in x
    x = y % z; // get the reminder of the division of y to z of two numbers and put the resulting number in x
    x = a * (b + c) // note that you can group with parantheses the expressions above (expression is what is on the right side)

    // if else branch
    if (condition) { 
        // if condition is true
    } else {
        // if condition is false 
    }

    // if without else branch
    if (condition) {
        // if condition is true
    }

    // condition can be replaced with:
    x == y // checks if the value of x is equal to the value of y
    x != y // checks if the value of x is different to the value of y
    x > y // checks if the value of x is greater than the value of y
    x >= y // checks if the value of x is greater or equal to the value of y
    x < y // checks if the value of x is less than the value of y
    x <= y // checks if the value of x is less or equal than the value of y

    // conditions can be combined:
    condition1 && condition2 // evaluates to true if both are true
    condition1 || condition2 // evaluates to true if any of them are true
    // && has priority over || just like * over + 
    // just like the usual math operators you cand use parantheses
    
    // repetitive structures
    while (condition) {
        // statements here are executed while condition is true. Only when the last statement here is executed the condition is checked again
    }

    return 0;
}