Alias

alias.sh

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# if user is not root, pass all commands via sudo #
if [ $UID -ne 0 ]; then
    alias reboot='sudo reboot'
    alias update='sudo apt-get upgrade'
fi
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
### Get os name via uname ###
_myos="$(uname)"
 
### add alias as per os using $_myos ###
case $_myos in
   Linux) alias foo='/path/to/linux/bin/foo';;
   FreeBSD|OpenBSD) alias foo='/path/to/bsd/bin/foo' ;;
   SunOS) alias foo='/path/to/sunos/bin/foo' ;;
   *) ;;
esac
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#1: Control ls command output

## Colorize the ls output ##
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
 
## Use a long listing format ##
alias ll='ls -la'
 
## Show hidden files ##
alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#2: Control cd command behavior

## get rid of command not found ##
alias cd..='cd ..'
 
## a quick way to get out of current directory ##
alias ..='cd ..'
alias ...='cd ../../../'
alias ....='cd ../../../../'
alias .....='cd ../../../../'
alias .4='cd ../../../../'
alias .5='cd ../../../../..'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#3: Control grep command output

## Colorize the grep command output for ease of use (good for log files)##
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#4: Start calculator with math support

alias bc='bc -l'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#4: Generate sha1 digest

alias sha1='openssl sha1'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#5: Create parent directories on demand

alias mkdir='mkdir -pv'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#6: Colorize diff output

alias diff='colordiff'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#7: Make mount command output pretty and human readable format

alias mount='mount |column -t'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#8: Command short cuts to save time

alias h='history'
alias j='jobs -l'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#9: Create a new set of commands

alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
alias now='date +"%T"'
alias nowtime=now
alias nowdate='date +"%d-%m-%Y"'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#10: Set vim as default

alias vi=vim
alias svi='sudo vi'
alias vis='vim "+set si"'
alias edit='vim'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#11: Control output of networking tool called ping

# Stop after sending count ECHO_REQUEST packets #
alias ping='ping -c 5'
# Do not wait interval 1 second, go fast #
alias fastping='ping -c 100 -s.2'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#12: Show open ports

alias ports='netstat -tulanp'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#13: Wakeup sleeping servers

## replace mac with your actual server mac address #
alias wakeupnas01='/usr/bin/wakeonlan 00:11:32:11:15:FC'
alias wakeupnas02='/usr/bin/wakeonlan 00:11:32:11:15:FD'
alias wakeupnas03='/usr/bin/wakeonlan 00:11:32:11:15:FE'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#14: Control firewall (iptables) output

## shortcut  for iptables and pass it via sudo#
alias ipt='sudo /sbin/iptables'
 
# display all rules #
alias iptlist='sudo /sbin/iptables -L -n -v --line-numbers'
alias iptlistin='sudo /sbin/iptables -L INPUT -n -v --line-numbers'
alias iptlistout='sudo /sbin/iptables -L OUTPUT -n -v --line-numbers'
alias iptlistfw='sudo /sbin/iptables -L FORWARD -n -v --line-numbers'
alias firewall=iptlist
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#15: Debug web server / cdn problems with curl

# get web server headers #
alias header='curl -I'
 
# find out if remote server supports gzip / mod_deflate or not #
alias headerc='curl -I --compress'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#16: Add safety nets

# do not delete / or prompt if deleting more than 3 files at a time #
alias rm='rm -I --preserve-root'
 
# confirmation #
alias mv='mv -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias ln='ln -i'
 
# Parenting changing perms on / #
alias chown='chown --preserve-root'
alias chmod='chmod --preserve-root'
alias chgrp='chgrp --preserve-root'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#17: Update Debian Linux server

# distro specific  - Debian / Ubuntu and friends #
# install with apt-get
alias apt-get="sudo apt-get"
alias updatey="sudo apt-get --yes"
 
# update on one command
alias update='sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#18: Update RHEL / CentOS / Fedora Linux server

## distrp specifc RHEL/CentOS ##
alias update='yum update'
alias updatey='yum -y update'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#19: Tune sudo and su

# become root #
alias root='sudo -i'
alias su='sudo -i'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#20: Pass halt/reboot via sudo

# reboot / halt / poweroff
alias reboot='sudo /sbin/reboot'
alias poweroff='sudo /sbin/poweroff'
alias halt='sudo /sbin/halt'
alias shutdown='sudo /sbin/shutdown'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#21: Control web servers

# also pass it via sudo so whoever is admin can reload it without calling you #
alias nginxreload='sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload'
alias nginxtest='sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t'
alias lightyload='sudo /etc/init.d/lighttpd reload'
alias lightytest='sudo /usr/sbin/lighttpd -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf -t'
alias httpdreload='sudo /usr/sbin/apachectl -k graceful'
alias httpdtest='sudo /usr/sbin/apachectl -t && /usr/sbin/apachectl -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#22: Alias into our backup stuff

# if cron fails or if you want backup on demand just run these commands #
# again pass it via sudo so whoever is in admin group can start the job #
# Backup scripts #
alias backup='sudo /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/wrapper.backup.sh --type local --taget /raid1/backups'
alias nasbackup='sudo /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/wrapper.backup.sh --type nas --target nas01'
alias s3backup='sudo /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/wrapper.backup.sh --type nas --target nas01 --auth /home/scripts/admin/.authdata/amazon.keys'
alias rsnapshothourly='sudo /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/wrapper.rsnapshot.sh --type remote --target nas03 --auth /home/scripts/admin/.authdata/ssh.keys --config /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/config/adsl.conf'
alias rsnapshotdaily='sudo  /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/wrapper.rsnapshot.sh --type remote --target nas03 --auth /home/scripts/admin/.authdata/ssh.keys  --config /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/config/adsl.conf'
alias rsnapshotweekly='sudo /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/wrapper.rsnapshot.sh --type remote --target nas03 --auth /home/scripts/admin/.authdata/ssh.keys  --config /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/config/adsl.conf'
alias rsnapshotmonthly='sudo /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/wrapper.rsnapshot.sh --type remote --target nas03 --auth /home/scripts/admin/.authdata/ssh.keys  --config /home/scripts/admin/scripts/backup/config/adsl.conf'
alias amazonbackup=s3backup
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#23: Desktop specific – play avi/mp3 files on demand

## play video files in a current directory ##
# cd ~/Download/movie-name
# playavi or vlc
alias playavi='mplayer *.avi'
alias vlc='vlc *.avi'
 
# play all music files from the current directory #
alias playwave='for i in *.wav; do mplayer "$i"; done'
alias playogg='for i in *.ogg; do mplayer "$i"; done'
alias playmp3='for i in *.mp3; do mplayer "$i"; done'
 
# play files from nas devices #
alias nplaywave='for i in /nas/multimedia/wave/*.wav; do mplayer "$i"; done'
alias nplayogg='for i in /nas/multimedia/ogg/*.ogg; do mplayer "$i"; done'
alias nplaymp3='for i in /nas/multimedia/mp3/*.mp3; do mplayer "$i"; done'
 
# shuffle mp3/ogg etc by default #
alias music='mplayer --shuffle *'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#24: Set default interfaces for sys admin related commands

## All of our servers eth1 is connected to the Internets via vlan / router etc  ##
alias dnstop='dnstop -l 5  eth1'
alias vnstat='vnstat -i eth1'
alias iftop='iftop -i eth1'
alias tcpdump='tcpdump -i eth1'
alias ethtool='ethtool eth1'
 
# work on wlan0 by default #
# Only useful for laptop as all servers are without wireless interface
alias iwconfig='iwconfig wlan0'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#25: Get system memory, cpu usage, and gpu memory info quickly

## pass options to free ##
alias meminfo='free -m -l -t'
 
## get top process eating memory
alias psmem='ps auxf | sort -nr -k 4'
alias psmem10='ps auxf | sort -nr -k 4 | head -10'
 
## get top process eating cpu ##
alias pscpu='ps auxf | sort -nr -k 3'
alias pscpu10='ps auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -10'
 
## Get server cpu info ##
alias cpuinfo='lscpu'
 
## older system use /proc/cpuinfo ##
##alias cpuinfo='less /proc/cpuinfo' ##
 
## get GPU ram on desktop / laptop##
alias gpumeminfo='grep -i --color memory /var/log/Xorg.0.log'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#26: Control Home Router

# Reboot my home Linksys WAG160N / WAG54 / WAG320 / WAG120N Router / Gateway from *nix.
alias rebootlinksys="curl -u 'admin:my-super-password' 'http://192.168.1.2/setup.cgi?todo=reboot'"
 
# Reboot tomato based Asus NT16 wireless bridge
alias reboottomato="ssh [email protected] /sbin/reboot"
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#27 Resume wget by default

## this one saved by butt so many times ##
alias wget='wget -c'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#28 Use different browser for testing website

## this one saved by butt so many times ##
alias ff4='/opt/firefox4/firefox'
alias ff13='/opt/firefox13/firefox'
alias chrome='/opt/google/chrome/chrome'
alias opera='/opt/opera/opera'
 
#default ff
alias ff=ff13
 
#my default browser
alias browser=chrome
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#29: A note about ssh alias

cat ~/.ssh/config

Host server10
  Hostname 1.2.3.4
  IdentityFile ~/backups/.ssh/id_dsa
  user foobar
  Port 30000
  ForwardX11Trusted yes
  TCPKeepAlive yes

$ ssh server10
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#30: Miscellaneous

## set some other defaults ##
alias df='df -H'
alias du='du -ch'
 
# top is atop, just like vi is vim
alias top='atop'
 
## nfsrestart  - must be root  ##
## refresh nfs mount / cache etc for Apache ##
alias nfsrestart='sync && sleep 2 && /etc/init.d/httpd stop && umount netapp2:/exports/http && sleep 2 && mount -o rw,sync,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,intr,hard,proto=tcp,fsc natapp2:/exports /http/var/www/html &&  /etc/init.d/httpd start'
 
## Memcached server status  ##
alias mcdstats='/usr/bin/memcached-tool 10.10.27.11:11211 stats'
alias mcdshow='/usr/bin/memcached-tool 10.10.27.11:11211 display'
 
## quickly flush out memcached server ##
alias flushmcd='echo "flush_all" | nc 10.10.27.11 11211'
 
## Remove assets quickly from Akamai / Amazon cdn ##
alias cdndel='/home/scripts/admin/cdn/purge_cdn_cache --profile akamai'
alias amzcdndel='/home/scripts/admin/cdn/purge_cdn_cache --profile amazon'
 
## supply list of urls via file or stdin
alias cdnmdel='/home/scripts/admin/cdn/purge_cdn_cache --profile akamai --stdin'
alias amzcdnmdel='/home/scripts/admin/cdn/purge_cdn_cache --profile amazon --stdin'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

command.sh

ls      # Показать файлы в текущей директории
ls -la  # Показать скрытые файлы и подробную информацию
ls -lh  # Читаемый размер файлов
ls -lt  # Сортировка по времени изменения
ls -R   # Рекурсивный просмотр вложенных директорий
ls /etc # Просмотр содержимого системной директории /etc
ls -lS  # Сортировка по размеру файлов

cd /var/log           # Переход в системные логи
cd ~/projects         # Переход в папку с проектами
cd -                  # Вернуться в предыдущую директорию
cd ..                 # Подняться на уровень выше
cd /                  # Перейти в корневую директорию
cd $(pwd)/new_folder  # Переход в новую папку с использованием pwd

pwd         # Абсолютный путь к текущему каталогу
realpath .  # Альтернативный способ получения полного пути

mkdir new_folder            # Создать папку
mkdir -p parent/child       # Создать вложенную папку
mkdir -m 777 shared_folder  # Создать папку с правами доступа 777
mkdir -pv a/b/c             # Создать цепочку директорий и отобразить процесс

rm file.txt                           # Удалить файл
rm -r directory                       # Удалить папку и все её файлы
rm -rf temp_files                     # Удалить папку без подтверждения
find . -type f -name '*.tmp' -delete  # Удалить все временные файлы .tmp

grep 'error' /var/log/syslog   # Найти все ошибки в логах
ps aux | grep nginx            # Найти процессы nginx
grep -i 'warning' logs.txt     # Игнорировать регистр при поиске
grep -v 'info' logs.txt        # Исключить строки с "info"
grep -E 'error|fail' logs.txt  # Найти строки с "error" или "fail"

awk '{print $1, $3}' access.log  # Вывести 1-й и 3-й столбец из access.log
awk '/error/ {print $0}' logfile.log  # Вывести строки, содержащие "error"
awk '{sum+=$2} END {print sum}' data.txt  # Суммирование второго столбца

sed -i 's/old-text/new-text/g' file.txt  # Заменить "old-text" на "new-text"
sed -n '5,10p' file.txt                  # Вывести строки с 5 по 10
sed 's/^[ \t]*//g' file.txt              # Удалить начальные пробелы и табуляции

ps aux | grep node   # Найти процессы, связанные с Node.js
ps -ef               # Альтернативный вывод списка процессов
ps aux --sort=-%mem  # Сортировка по потреблению памяти

top           # Стандартный мониторинг
htop          # Улучшенный вариант с цветной графикой (если установлен)
htop -u user  # Показать процессы только определенного пользователя

kill -9 1234          # Принудительное завершение процесса с PID 1234
killall python        # Завершить все процессы python
pkill -f 'script.py'  # Завершить процесс по имени файла

netstat -tulnp  # Список всех прослушиваемых портов
ss -tulnp       # Современная альтернатива netstat
ss -s           # Краткая статистика сетевых подключений

curl -I https://example.com  # Получить заголовки HTTP-ответа
curl -X POST -d "data=value" https://api.example.com  # Отправка POST-запроса
wget -O page.html https://example.com  # Сохранить страницу в файл
wget -c https://example.com/file.iso  # Догрузить файл, если прервалось скачивание

tmux new -s my_session     # Создать новую сессию
tmux ls                    # Просмотреть список сессий
tmux attach -t my_session  # Подключиться к сессии
ctrl+b d                   # Отключиться от сессии, оставив её работающей

script.sh

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
_DEBUG="on"
function DEBUG()
{
 [ "$_DEBUG" == "on" ] &&  $@
}
 
DEBUG echo 'Reading files'
for i in *
do
  grep 'something' $i > /dev/null
  [ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "Found in $i file"
done
DEBUG set -x
a=2
b=3
c=$(( $a + $b ))
DEBUG set +x
echo "$a + $b = $c"
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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