gistfile1.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    map<char, int> stuff;
    stuff['a'] = 1;
    stuff['b'] = 2;
    stuff['c'] = 3;
    
    map<char, int> &ref = stuff;
    ref['d'] = 4;
    
    cout << stuff['d'] << endl;
    // prints 4
    return 0;
}