Ethereum Ðapp Development - Video 9 | Smart Contracts - Coin Flipper (Part 1)

decypher.js

// Config
global.config = {
  rpc: {
    host: "localhost",
    port: "8545"
  }
}

// Load Libraries
global.solc = require("solc")
global.fs = require("fs")
global.Web3 = require("web3")

// Connect Web3 Instance
global.web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(`http://${global.config.rpc.host}:${global.config.rpc.port}`))

// Global Account Accessors
global.acct1 = web3.eth.accounts[0]
global.acct2 = web3.eth.accounts[1]
global.acct3 = web3.eth.accounts[2]
global.acct4 = web3.eth.accounts[3]
global.acct5 = web3.eth.accounts[4]

// Helper Functions
class Helpers {

  contractName(source) {
    var re1 = /contract.*{/g
    var re2 = /\s\w+\s/
    return source.match(re1).pop().match(re2)[0].trim()
  }

  createContract(source, options={}) {
    var compiled = solc.compile(source)
    var contractName = this.contractName(source)
    var bytecode = compiled["contracts"][contractName]["bytecode"]
    var abi = JSON.parse(compiled["contracts"][contractName]["interface"])
    var contract = global.web3.eth.contract(abi)
    var gasEstimate = global.web3.eth.estimateGas({ data: bytecode })

    var deployed = contract.new(Object.assign({
      from: global.web3.eth.accounts[0],
      data: bytecode,
      gas: gasEstimate,
      gasPrice: 5
    }, options), (error, result) => { })

    return deployed
  }

  loadContract(name) {
    var path = `./${name.toLowerCase()}.sol`
    return fs.readFileSync(path, 'utf8')
  }

  deployContract(name, options={}) {
    var source = this.loadContract(name)
    return this.createContract(source, options)
  }

  etherBalance(contract) {
    switch(typeof(contract)) {
      case "object":
        if(contract.address) {
          return global.web3.fromWei(global.web3.eth.getBalance(contract.address), 'ether').toNumber()
        } else {
          return new Error("cannot call getEtherBalance on an object that does not have a property 'address'")
        }
        break
      case "string":
        return global.web3.fromWei(global.web3.eth.getBalance(contract), 'ether').toNumber()
        break
    }
  }

}

// Load Helpers into Decypher namespace
global.decypher = new Helpers()

// Start repl
require('repl').start({})

flipper.sol

contract Flipper {

  enum GameState {noWager, wagerMade, wagerAccepted}
  GameState public currentState;

  modifier onlyState(GameState expectedState) { if(expectedState == currentState) { _; } else { throw; } }

  function Flipper() {
    currentState = GameState.noWager;
  }

  function makeWager() onlyState(GameState.noWager) returns (bool) {
    // ...
    currentState = GameState.wagerMade;
    return true;
  }

  function acceptWager() onlyState(GameState.wagerMade) returns (bool) {
    // ...
    currentState = GameState.wagerAccepted;
    return true;
  }

  function resolveBet() onlyState(GameState.wagerAccepted) returns (bool) {
    // ...
    currentState = GameState.noWager;
    return true;
  }

}

The code uses outdated syntax at various points. Here's a currently working version:

// Config
global.config = {
  rpc: {
    host: "localhost",
    port: "8545",
  },
};

// Load Libraries
global.solc = require("solc");
global.fs = require("fs");
global.Web3 = require("web3");

// Connect Web3 Instance
global.web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(`http://${global.config.rpc.host}:${global.config.rpc.port}`));

// Global Account Accessors
global.acct1 = web3.eth.accounts[0];
global.acct2 = web3.eth.accounts[1];
global.acct3 = web3.eth.accounts[2];
global.acct4 = web3.eth.accounts[3];
global.acct5 = web3.eth.accounts[4];

// Helper Functions
class Helpers {

  contractName(source) {
    const re1 = /contract.*{/g;
    const re2 = /\s\w+\s/;
    return source.match(re1).pop().match(re2)[0].trim();
  }

  createContract(source, options={}) {
    const compiled = solc.compile(source);
    const contractName = this.contractName(source);
    const contractToDeploy = compiled.contracts[`:${contractName}`];
    const bytecode = contractToDeploy.bytecode;
    const abi = JSON.parse(contractToDeploy.interface);
    const contract = global.web3.eth.contract(abi);
    const gasEstimate = global.web3.eth.estimateGas({ data: bytecode });
    const contractTx = {
      from: global.web3.eth.accounts[0],
      data: bytecode,
      gas: gasEstimate,
      gasPrice: 5,
    };
    const deployed = contract.new(Object.assign(
      {},
      contractTx,
      options,
    ), (error, result) => { });
    return deployed;
  }

  loadContract(name) {
    const path = `./${name.toLowerCase()}.sol`;
    return fs.readFileSync(path, 'utf8');
  }

  deployContract(name, options={}) {
    const source = this.loadContract(name);
    return this.createContract(source, options);
  }

  etherBalance(contract) {
    switch(typeof(contract)) {
      case "object":
        if(contract.address) {
          return global.web3.fromWei(global.web3.eth.getBalance(contract.address), 'ether').toNumber();
        } else {
          return new Error("cannot call getEtherBalance on an object that does not have a property 'address'");
        }
        break
      case "string":
        return global.web3.fromWei(global.web3.eth.getBalance(contract), 'ether').toNumber();
    }
  }
}

// Load Helpers into Decypher namespace
global.decypher = new Helpers()

// Start repl
require('repl').start({})

"throw" is now deprecated, thus one can use require(condition). require(false) compiles to 0xfd which is the REVERT opcode, meaning it will refund the remaining gas. The opcode can also return a value (useful for debugging), but I don't believe that is supported in Solidity as of this moment. (2017-11-21)

modifier onlyState (GameState expectedState) { require(expectedState == currentState); _; }

Thank you @mechanical-turk

You can also use assert(), but that should only be used to prevent something really bad from happening.
Here's a StackOverflow post that goes over when to use require() (usually) and when to use assert() (rarely).