Simple example script on how to set `USD_subdivisionScheme` attribute on Maya selected meshes with Python to override per-mesh Maya USD Export subdivision scheme

maya_set_mesh_usd_subdivision_scheme.py

from typing import Literal
import maya.cmds as cmds


def set_usd_subdivision_scheme(
    mesh: str, 
    scheme: Literal["catmullClark", "none", "loop", "bilinear", None] = "catmullClark"
):
    """Set mesh USD Subdivision Scheme for export
    
    Sce
    """
    # Delete the attribute if it exists
    if cmds.attributeQuery('USD_subdivisionScheme', node=mesh, exists=True):
        cmds.deleteAttr(f"{mesh}.USD_subdivisionScheme")
    
    if scheme is not None:
        cmds.addAttr(mesh, ln="USD_subdivisionScheme", dt="string")
        cmds.setAttr(f"{mesh}.USD_subdivisionScheme", scheme, type="string")
    
    
meshes_under_selection = cmds.ls(selection=True, long=True, leaf=True, type="mesh", noIntermediate=True, dag=True)
for mesh in meshes_under_selection:
    set_usd_subdivision_scheme(mesh, "none")