Photonic Universe Hypothesis

PUH_OLQEM_GW231123_v2.tex

The Photonic Universe Hypothesis: Testing Spin-Driven
Matter/Antimatter Production with GW231123
Brian Martell
[email protected]
Whitby, Ontario, Canada
July 18, 2025
Abstract
The Photonic Universe Hypothesis (PUH) and Optical Lambda Quantum Energy Model
(OLQEM) propose that Planck stars with photon cores (Nγ ≈ 1080
, Eγ ≳ 1 MeV) in a Planck
lattice (RP ∝ ℓP (ρm/ρ0
m)0.1) drive matter/antimatter production and cyclic cosmology. We
align PUH with GW231123 (masses 137+22
−17/103+20
−52 M⊙, spins 0.9+0.10
−0.19/0.8+0.20
−0.51), detected
by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA on November 23, 2023. High spins suggest spin-orbit coupling and
CP violation, while masses indicate photon core formation. We propose tests with LISA,
CMB-S4, and IceCube to prove or disprove PUH, supported by Breit-Wheeler and SLAC
experiments.
1 Introduction
PUH posits that Planck stars replace black hole singularities, with photon cores driving matter
creation and spacetime dynamics [1]. GW231123’s high spins and masses beyond the pair-
instability gap (60–130 M⊙) challenge standard models [2]. We explore PUH’s predictions and
falsification criteria.
Eγ
c2 , Eγ ∼ MP c2, MP ≈ 2.176 × 10−8 kg. 2 Photon Core and Planck Lattice
The photon core mass is:
Mcore ≈ Nγ
(1)
The Planck lattice radius is:
RP ∝ ℓP (ρm
ρ0
m )0.1
, ℓP ≈ 1.616 × 10−35 m, ρ0
m
∼ 10−27 kg/m3
. (2)
GW231123’s masses suggest hierarchical mergers bypassing PISN limits [3].
3 Spin-Driven Matter/Antimatter Production
High spins induce coupling:
Lspin= ξJ2ϕ2, ξ ≈ g2
ℓ2
P M2
P
, J ≈ aMc, a≈ 0.9, g≈ 7 × 10−4
. (3)
1
Photon interactions produce matter/antimatter:
Lint = gϕγγψ, dNγ
dt
Fphoton
≈
·
ℓ3
P
g2ϕ2
ℏ·
Nγ
2. (4)
CP violation biases the ratio:
ξJ2
δCP ∝
. (5)
M2
P
This aligns with GW231123’s spins and Breit-Wheeler pair production [4].
4 Testing PUH
4.1 Observational Tests
• LISA: Detect GW echoes (f ≈ 0.1 Hz) from photon core disruption [6].
• CMB-S4: Search for B-modes (ℓ≈ 1000) indicating CP violation [7].
• IceCube DeepCore: Reanalyze for neutrinos (0.5–5 GeV) from GW231123 [5].
• DESI: Measure H0(z) at z≳ 10 for photon-driven expansion [8].
4.2 Falsification Criteria
• No GW echoes or B-modes after multiple LISA/CMB-S4 observations.
• Persistent null neutrino/GRB detections in future mergers.
• Standard BH models consistently explain mass gap violations.
5 Conclusion
GW231123’s spins and masses support PUH’s photon core and cyclic cosmology. LISA, CMB-
S4, and IceCube tests will prove or disprove PUH, advancing our understanding of the universe’s
fundamental nature. Contact: Brian Martell, [email protected], Whitby, Ontario, Canada.
References
[1] Rovelli, C., & Vidotto, F. (2014). Planck stars. arXiv:1401.6562.
[2] LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration. (2025). GW231123: A Binary Black Hole Merger.
arXiv:2507.08219.
[3] Hannam, M., et al. (2025). GW231123: Massive black hole merger. Nature, DOI:
10.1038/s41586-024-08226-8.
[4] STAR Collaboration. (2021). Breit-Wheeler pair production. Phys. Rev. Lett., DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.052302.
[5] LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration. (2023). Search for counterparts to GW231123.
arXiv:2307.15902.
[6] Abadie, J., et al. (2017). LISA mission. arXiv:1702.00868.
[7] Planck Collaboration. (2018). Planck 2018 results. arXiv:1807.06211.
[8] DESI Collaboration. (2024). Baryon acoustic oscillations. arXiv:2404.03002.

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