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September 15, 2019 15:08
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Subtitle backup of the video “'Circumcision is Mutilation' - Matthias Franz criticizes religious circumcision (English subtitles)-_7ZwGxhFG9I”.
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WEBVTT | |
Kind: captions | |
Language: de-DE | |
00:00:00.700 --> 00:00:01.820 | |
Herr Professor Franz, | |
00:00:01.880 --> 00:00:04.240 | |
Sie sind Facharzt für psychosomatische Medizin | |
00:00:04.400 --> 00:00:07.800 | |
und Psychoanalytiker und sie sind heute in Wien | |
00:00:07.960 --> 00:00:09.660 | |
um ihr neues Buch vorzustellen | |
00:00:09.660 --> 00:00:14.660 | |
'Die Beschneidung von Jungen | |
Ein trauriges Vermächtnis' | |
00:00:15.220 --> 00:00:19.100 | |
Was motiviert sie sich in | |
dieser Thematik zu engagieren? | |
00:00:19.480 --> 00:00:25.660 | |
Ja als Arzt und Psychoanalytiker ist | |
man mit Patienten konfrontiert | |
00:00:25.880 --> 00:00:31.560 | |
die Ängste haben die an kindheitlichen Belastung, | |
00:00:31.740 --> 00:00:32.900 | |
an Traumata leiden. | |
00:00:33.180 --> 00:00:37.640 | |
Und bis vor 15 Jahren war ich relativ naiv, | |
00:00:37.640 --> 00:00:40.220 | |
man könnte auch sagen un informiert | |
00:00:40.360 --> 00:00:44.360 | |
was die leidvollen Folgen | |
der Beschneidung angeht. | |
00:00:44.660 --> 00:00:49.660 | |
Und ich wurde von meinen Patienten | |
völlig unerwartet konfrontiert | |
00:00:49.900 --> 00:00:57.160 | |
mit schwer erträglichen Geschichten aus der Kindheit. | |
00:00:57.440 --> 00:01:00.820 | |
Einer meiner Patienten berichtete mir | |
eine schreckliche Geschichte | |
00:01:00.820 --> 00:01:04.660 | |
die ihm im alter von vier, fünf Jahren zugestoßen ist. | |
00:01:04.820 --> 00:01:09.060 | |
Er wurde damals unter großen Versprechungen | |
00:01:09.060 --> 00:01:13.480 | |
zu einem geheimnisvollen Termin gebeten. | |
00:01:13.540 --> 00:01:17.060 | |
Sein Vater redete davon | |
er würde jetzt zum Mann werden | |
00:01:17.300 --> 00:01:20.480 | |
und solche Dinge, er würde Geschenke erhalten, | |
00:01:20.540 --> 00:01:22.700 | |
und als es dann dazu kam | |
00:01:22.700 --> 00:01:27.040 | |
wurde er von ihm unbekannten Männern festgehalten. | |
00:01:27.180 --> 00:01:29.700 | |
Ihm wurde die Hose heruntergezogen, | |
00:01:30.020 --> 00:01:33.200 | |
einer dieser Männer setzte ein Messer an seinem Glied. | |
00:01:33.340 --> 00:01:35.240 | |
Es tat Weh, es blutete, | |
00:01:35.240 --> 00:01:39.280 | |
und er schilderte wie er schreiend | |
davon lief aus dieser Situation. | |
00:01:39.560 --> 00:01:44.800 | |
Von den Männern aber eingeholt | |
und festgehalten wurde. | |
00:01:44.940 --> 00:01:50.220 | |
Die Beschneidung wurde gegen | |
seinen Willen mit Gewalt durchgeführt, | |
00:01:50.340 --> 00:01:51.360 | |
zu Ende geführt. | |
00:01:51.960 --> 00:01:55.360 | |
Während mir mein Patient dies berichtete | |
00:01:55.580 --> 00:01:57.600 | |
traten Schweißperlen auf seine Stirn, | |
00:01:57.740 --> 00:02:00.952 | |
er war nicht mehr in der Lage | |
Blickkontakt zu halten, | |
00:02:00.952 --> 00:02:02.260 | |
er fing an zu zittern. | |
00:02:02.280 --> 00:02:06.500 | |
Also das was wir als | |
eine dissoziative Reaktualisierung | |
00:02:06.680 --> 00:02:08.880 | |
eines traumatischen Erlebnisses bezeichnen. | |
00:02:09.040 --> 00:02:12.300 | |
Das geschah in dieser diagnostischen situation. | |
00:02:13.180 --> 00:02:16.140 | |
Ich war sehr beeindruckt von dieser Geschichte | |
00:02:16.300 --> 00:02:22.020 | |
und damals entschloss ich | |
mich intensiv mit der thematik | |
00:02:22.160 --> 00:02:27.120 | |
der rituellen Zwangsbeschneidung | |
von Jungen auseinander zu setzen. | |
00:02:27.620 --> 00:02:33.180 | |
Faktum ist dass ja bis heute als auch in | |
der Muslimischen Gemeinde | |
00:02:33.180 --> 00:02:36.760 | |
zahlreiche Jungen ohne | |
Anästhesie beschnitten werden. | |
00:02:37.440 --> 00:02:41.780 | |
Ja das ist richtig, in Deutschland hat sich im Grunde | |
00:02:41.900 --> 00:02:46.980 | |
an der Wirklichkeit des Beschneidung | |
des rituals nicht viel geändert. | |
00:02:47.080 --> 00:02:49.760 | |
Es gibt weiterhin Komplikationen, | |
00:02:50.120 --> 00:02:55.080 | |
es wird weiterhin häufig ohne jegliche Narkose, | |
00:02:55.200 --> 00:02:57.640 | |
ohne jegliche Betäubung, geschnitten. | |
00:02:58.040 --> 00:03:04.520 | |
Nur ein kleiner teil der Eltern achtet | |
darauf dass die Beschneidung | |
00:03:04.520 --> 00:03:07.120 | |
vielleicht in einem etwas älteren Alter | |
00:03:07.400 --> 00:03:11.440 | |
oder unter chirurgischen | |
Bedingungen durchgeführt wird. | |
00:03:12.300 --> 00:03:17.700 | |
In der Mehrzahl der Fälle wird | |
auch in der neugeborenen Beschneidung | |
00:03:18.180 --> 00:03:25.700 | |
ohne Narkose, ohne wirksame Schmerz Betäubung, diese Zwangsbeschneidung durchgeführt. | |
00:03:25.980 --> 00:03:29.940 | |
Wobei Beschneidung im Grunde ein Euphemismus ist, | |
00:03:29.960 --> 00:03:34.980 | |
also eine Schönfärberei, eine begriffliche Schönfärberei. | |
00:03:34.980 --> 00:03:39.160 | |
Es handelt sich im Grunde um | |
die Amputation eines wesentlichen, | |
00:03:39.200 --> 00:03:44.520 | |
für die sexuelle Lustempfinden wichtigen Organs. | |
00:03:44.520 --> 00:03:48.470 | |
Das heißt es ist erstens einmal im Augenblick | |
00:03:48.470 --> 00:03:53.570 | |
Beschneidung ein traumatisches Erlebnis | |
weil es schmerzen erzeugt bei Säuglingen | |
00:03:53.570 --> 00:03:57.880 | |
ebenso wie bei kleinen Kindern in der | |
Muslimischen Glaubensgemeinschaft. | |
00:03:57.980 --> 00:04:03.980 | |
Und sie sagen auch dass es eben später auch | |
die sexuelle Lust beeinträchtigen kann. | |
00:04:03.980 --> 00:04:08.600 | |
Das ist zu wenig bekannt, | |
also normalerweise herrscht also | |
00:04:08.600 --> 00:04:13.780 | |
die Annahme dass das spätere Leben | |
gar nicht negativ beeinflusst. | |
00:04:14.260 --> 00:04:19.280 | |
Selbst unter chirurgisch korrekten Bedingungen durchgeführte Beschneidungen | |
00:04:19.280 --> 00:04:24.780 | |
haben eine Komplikationsrate | |
in Langzeitstudien von 5 Prozent. | |
00:04:24.920 --> 00:04:31.720 | |
Und hier sind ausschließlich die körperlichen | |
und Komplikationen beschrieben | |
00:04:31.720 --> 00:04:37.480 | |
also Vernarbungen, teil Amputationen, Erektions behinderte, hinderende Nervenstränge | |
00:04:39.960 --> 00:04:43.480 | |
Residuen durchgemachte Wundheilungsstörung, | |
00:04:43.480 --> 00:04:49.240 | |
Sensibilitätsstörungen, die Verengung der | |
Harnröhre Öffnung an der Eichel | |
00:04:49.240 --> 00:04:54.560 | |
zählt ebenfalls zu einer relativ häufige | |
Komplikation der Beschneidung. | |
00:04:54.780 --> 00:04:59.020 | |
Das heißt das alles ist nicht so selten. | |
00:04:59.020 --> 00:05:02.520 | |
Natürlich gibt es auch einen großen teil | |
00:05:02.920 --> 00:05:05.420 | |
Beschneidung Betroffene die auch in der Kindheit | |
00:05:05.420 --> 00:05:07.960 | |
gegen ihren Willen Zwangs beschnitten worden sind | |
00:05:08.120 --> 00:05:13.200 | |
die dann als Erwachsene subjektiv zumindest | |
keine Beschwerden haben. | |
00:05:13.520 --> 00:05:18.440 | |
Aber wir wissen von Beschneidung Patienten | |
00:05:18.600 --> 00:05:20.780 | |
dem in erwachsenen Alter beschnitten worden sind | |
00:05:21.060 --> 00:05:25.940 | |
dass die Sensibilität der Eichel, | |
auch durch den Vorhaut Verlust, | |
00:05:26.060 --> 00:05:29.880 | |
deutlich zurückgeht und dass das auch Konsequenzen | |
00:05:29.960 --> 00:05:35.220 | |
hat für die für die, das Erleben des Geschlechtsverkehrs. | |
00:05:35.360 --> 00:05:41.060 | |
Und der geschlechtlichen Wahrnehmung | |
und Lust Möglichkeit. | |
00:05:41.060 --> 00:05:46.940 | |
Ganz abgesehen von den seelischen Aspekten ja. | |
00:05:47.140 --> 00:05:51.640 | |
Wir wissen aus empirischen Untersuchungen | |
dass früh beschnittene Säuglinge | |
00:05:51.640 --> 00:05:54.820 | |
ein anderes Trinkverhalten unter Umständen auch | |
00:05:54.840 --> 00:05:57.820 | |
ein anderes Bindungsverhalten in der Interaktion | |
00:05:58.020 --> 00:06:00.560 | |
mit den frühen Bezugspersonen zeigen. | |
00:06:00.560 --> 00:06:07.980 | |
Und dass das durch die Beschneidung leidvoll stimulierte Angst und Schmerz Gedächtnis | |
00:06:08.140 --> 00:06:11.180 | |
auch noch ein halbes Jahr später beispielsweise | |
00:06:11.180 --> 00:06:15.000 | |
mit einem erhöhten im Stress darauf reagiert. | |
00:06:15.040 --> 00:06:19.100 | |
Also Beschnittene, als neugeborene Beschnitte Kinder, | |
00:06:19.340 --> 00:06:26.720 | |
reagieren heftiger und aversiever auf spätere | |
Schmerz Reiße als Unbeschnittene Kinder. | |
00:06:26.720 --> 00:06:30.040 | |
Und wenn Kinder noch etwas später beschnitten werden | |
00:06:30.040 --> 00:06:36.280 | |
im alter von vier, fünf sechs Jahren da wo sich | |
also die sexuelle Identität konsolidiert, ja | |
00:06:37.100 --> 00:06:41.860 | |
Sigmund Freud hat dass die ödipale Phase genannt. | |
00:06:42.360 --> 00:06:46.660 | |
Wenn in dieser hochsensiblen | |
psychosexuellen Entwicklungsphase | |
00:06:46.760 --> 00:06:48.620 | |
ein genitales Trauma gesetzt wird | |
00:06:48.620 --> 00:06:53.000 | |
dann kann das doch sehr starke | |
Kastrations-Ängste auslösen, | |
00:06:53.300 --> 00:06:57.060 | |
bis hinein auch in die erwachsenen Zeit. | |
00:06:57.700 --> 00:07:03.220 | |
Und beispielsweise in Situationen in denen | |
00:07:03.220 --> 00:07:05.880 | |
die Männlichkeit wieder in Frage gestellt wird | |
00:07:05.880 --> 00:07:11.920 | |
Angst getriggerte Impulsivität bedingen. | |
00:07:12.680 --> 00:07:16.420 | |
Aber auch eben körperliche Funktionsstörungen, | |
00:07:16.440 --> 00:07:21.800 | |
sexuelle Funktionsstörungen, wie bei | |
dem Patienten von dem ich ihm erzählt habe. | |
00:07:22.120 --> 00:07:28.160 | |
Wie weit ist auch das medizinische | |
Fach der Urolgie da betroffen? | |
00:07:28.440 --> 00:07:35.020 | |
Weil also mein Sohn ist wegen | |
Vorhautverengung beschnitten worden, Phimose. | |
00:07:35.080 --> 00:07:38.440 | |
Und ich habe mich der Ärztin vertrauen | |
00:07:38.880 --> 00:07:43.580 | |
habe ich eben das im Alter von | |
sechs und sieben Jahren durchführen lassen. | |
00:07:43.900 --> 00:07:46.940 | |
Und hab dann erst später von | |
diesen weitreichenden Folgen gehört. | |
00:07:47.200 --> 00:07:49.940 | |
Und in der Zwischenzeit danach erfahren dass es auch | |
00:07:49.940 --> 00:07:54.840 | |
unter den Urologen Fachärzte gibt | |
die da schneller sind mit de Beschneidung. | |
00:07:54.860 --> 00:07:58.680 | |
Und andere die auch | |
eine restaurative Art der Beschneidung | |
00:07:58.860 --> 00:08:02.180 | |
das eben die Vorhaut erhalten wird durchführen. | |
00:08:02.180 --> 00:08:05.200 | |
Und ich glaube dass sich das | |
auch in diesem Fachgebiet | |
00:08:05.360 --> 00:08:08.740 | |
noch nicht ausreichend durchgesetzt hat, | |
00:08:08.740 --> 00:08:12.900 | |
und dass man das sehr schnell | |
mit der Beschneidung vorgeht. | |
00:08:13.480 --> 00:08:15.820 | |
Ich muss ihnen leider recht geben. | |
00:08:16.540 --> 00:08:22.160 | |
Auch mir sind viele viele Fälle bekannt in denen Jungen | |
00:08:22.360 --> 00:08:26.880 | |
aufgrund einer völlig normalen | |
physiologischen Phimose | |
00:08:27.020 --> 00:08:30.200 | |
im Alter von 4, 5 Jahren beschnitten worden sind. | |
00:08:32.940 --> 00:08:36.779 | |
Das ist ein sehr schwieriges | |
Kapitel das sie hier ansprechen, ja. | |
00:08:36.780 --> 00:08:41.540 | |
Es spielen möglicherweise sogar | |
auch wirtschaftliche Interessen | |
00:08:42.680 --> 00:08:45.880 | |
im einen oder anderen Fall eine Rolle. | |
00:08:46.320 --> 00:08:52.520 | |
Der Umsatz der durch Beschneidungen generiert wird | |
00:08:52.720 --> 00:08:59.280 | |
wird in den USA auf ein Umfang | |
von ein bis zwei Milliarden Dollar geschätzt. | |
00:08:59.280 --> 00:09:06.000 | |
In Abhängigkeit davon ob die Krankenkassen | |
diesen Eingriff finanzieren oder nicht. | |
00:09:06.400 --> 00:09:12.880 | |
Und es gibt in der Tat immer wieder | |
leider Beschneidungs Interventionen | |
00:09:13.280 --> 00:09:19.360 | |
die zu früh stattfinden wo aus | |
einer physiologischen natürlichen Phimose | |
00:09:19.920 --> 00:09:23.560 | |
eine pathologische Phimose gemacht wird ja. | |
00:09:24.760 --> 00:09:29.000 | |
Bei neugeborenen auch | |
bei Kleinkindern bis ins Vorschulalter | |
00:09:29.360 --> 00:09:34.280 | |
ist bei der Mehrheit der Kinder | |
die Vorhaut mit der Eichel verklebt. | |
00:09:34.720 --> 00:09:38.840 | |
Diese Verklebung ist | |
völlig normal und löst sich mit derzeit. | |
00:09:38.879 --> 00:09:45.389 | |
Etwa um die Pubertät herum ist bei über | |
90 Prozent der Jungen diese Verklebung | |
00:09:45.389 --> 00:09:50.040 | |
zwischen der schützenden Vorhaut und der | |
Eichel gelöst so dass sich die Vorhaut | |
00:09:50.040 --> 00:09:53.240 | |
komplett zurückziehen lässt. | |
00:09:53.760 --> 00:09:56.069 | |
Das heißt also bei einem Jungen von vier, | |
00:09:56.069 --> 00:09:58.928 | |
fünf, sechs, sieben Jahren ist es völlig normal | |
00:09:58.928 --> 00:10:03.560 | |
wenn die Vorhaut noch ein bisschen mehr | |
oder weniger mit der Eichel verklebt ist. | |
00:10:04.080 --> 00:10:10.560 | |
Wenn sich in der situation ein Artz oder ein Elternteil entscheidet mit Kraft oder mit Gewalt | |
00:10:10.960 --> 00:10:17.560 | |
die Vorhaut hinter die Eichel zurück zu | |
schieben dann passiert genau das | |
00:10:17.960 --> 00:10:21.655 | |
wovor sich die Eltern eigentlich fürchten. | |
00:10:21.655 --> 00:10:25.080 | |
Dann kann eine Phimose erzeugt werden, | |
00:10:25.560 --> 00:10:29.280 | |
dadurch dass die | |
Vorhaut zu schnell zu stark gedehnt wird | |
00:10:29.480 --> 00:10:32.560 | |
und sich Mikrorisse im Gewebe einstellen | |
00:10:32.880 --> 00:10:36.640 | |
so dass sich dann sekundäre | |
Vernarbung Prozesse einstellen | |
00:10:36.880 --> 00:10:39.440 | |
die im weiteren Verlauf zu einer Struktur | |
00:10:39.760 --> 00:10:42.760 | |
also zu einer Einengung der Vorhaut führen | |
00:10:43.080 --> 00:10:45.600 | |
die so sonst nicht eingetreten wäre | |
00:10:45.920 --> 00:10:49.040 | |
wenn man die Genitalien in Ruhe gelassen hätte. | |
00:10:49.480 --> 00:10:55.840 | |
Von daher Erwachsene haben an | |
den Genitalien von Kindern nichts zu suchen. | |
00:10:56.240 --> 00:10:58.080 | |
Man, Sie gehören nur den Kindern. | |
00:10:58.080 --> 00:11:00.960 | |
Man sollte sie in Ruhe reifen lassen. | |
00:11:01.280 --> 00:11:05.920 | |
Es gibt allerdings, | |
das sei auch aus medizinischer Sicht gesagt, | |
00:11:06.320 --> 00:11:11.720 | |
ein ganz geringen Prozentsatz von Kindern, | |
auch von Jugendlichen, | |
00:11:12.120 --> 00:11:16.760 | |
wo die Vorhaut in der Tat | |
eine pathologische Phimose aufweist. | |
00:11:17.160 --> 00:11:23.280 | |
Zum Beispiel im Zusammenhang mit | |
chronischen Entzündungen oder mit Sklerosierungen | |
00:11:23.520 --> 00:11:28.480 | |
das heist also das begrenzte | |
Autoimmun-Prozesse in der Vorhaut ablaufen | |
00:11:28.880 --> 00:11:30.960 | |
die dann zu Vernarbungen führen | |
00:11:31.280 --> 00:11:36.640 | |
die dann ihrerseits Risiko Komplikationen, | |
Konstellationen sind | |
00:11:37.000 --> 00:11:39.640 | |
für weitere Erkrankungen des Penis. | |
00:11:39.920 --> 00:11:43.240 | |
Und hier ist es dann absolut sinnvoll eine Intervention | |
00:11:43.240 --> 00:11:46.930 | |
und der chirurgisch präzise Bedingungen vorzunehmen. | |
00:11:46.930 --> 00:11:53.950 | |
Das ist richtig, | |
aber die weit überwiegende Fälle Fallzahl | |
00:11:53.960 --> 00:11:57.040 | |
der Phimosen ist physiologisch und nicht pathologisch. | |
00:11:58.160 --> 00:12:02.800 | |
Das heißt das thema ist doch | |
mit seinen weitreichenden Folgen | |
00:12:02.800 --> 00:12:06.600 | |
ein unterschätztes Thema | |
in der in der öffentlichen Meinung. | |
00:12:06.920 --> 00:12:09.600 | |
Weil, also das Kölner Urteil ist jetzt zwei Jahre her. | |
00:12:09.840 --> 00:12:10.440 | |
Genau | |
00:12:10.760 --> 00:12:17.120 | |
Und in der öffentlichen Debatte hat | |
sich nicht viel geändert. | |
00:12:18.520 --> 00:12:23.000 | |
Die Debatte ist noch nicht zur Diskussion gereift, | |
00:12:23.720 --> 00:12:32.720 | |
und unser Buch soll die im Grunde | |
noch ausstehende Diskussion anstoßen, befruchten | |
00:12:33.080 --> 00:12:37.800 | |
auch was die Fakten die wissenschaftlichen | |
Erkenntnisse die empirische Basis angeht. | |
00:12:37.840 --> 00:12:42.280 | |
Angst beeinträchtigt unsere Fakten Wahrnehmung, ja. | |
00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:46.280 | |
Und wenn wir über ein sehr | |
unangenehmes ängstigendes Thema | |
00:12:46.560 --> 00:12:51.520 | |
aufklärend miteinander sprechen, | |
dann spielt diese Angst immer eine Rolle. | |
00:12:51.840 --> 00:12:56.400 | |
Und die zweite große Angst die | |
die öffentliche Debatte beeinträchtig | |
00:12:56.800 --> 00:13:00.680 | |
ist die Angst der religiösen Gruppen um ihre Identität, | |
00:13:01.080 --> 00:13:05.880 | |
um ihre grupale Tradition, um | |
ihren Zusammenhalt. | |
00:13:06.200 --> 00:13:09.360 | |
Und das ist angesichts der historischen Katastrophen | |
00:13:09.680 --> 00:13:15.080 | |
den religiöse Gruppen auch immer | |
wieder ausgesetzt gewesen sind | |
00:13:15.600 --> 00:13:20.000 | |
auch ein ganzes Stück weit | |
nachvollziehbar finde ich persönlich. | |
00:13:20.280 --> 00:13:28.000 | |
Diese ängste müssen ebenfalls in einer respektvoll geführten Diskussion berücksichtigt werden. | |
00:13:28.280 --> 00:13:31.360 | |
Aber nicht nur die Beschneidung Befürworter | |
00:13:31.520 --> 00:13:34.960 | |
sondern auch die Beschneidungs Kritiker haben Angst. | |
00:13:35.280 --> 00:13:38.480 | |
Und zwar ist die Angst der Beschneidungs Kritiker | |
00:13:39.280 --> 00:13:44.120 | |
darin begründet dass sie menschenrechtliche, | |
00:13:44.480 --> 00:13:46.280 | |
die menschenrechtlichen Grundlagen | |
00:13:46.300 --> 00:13:49.240 | |
unsere demokratischen Verfassungsstaaten bedroht | |
00:13:49.240 --> 00:13:52.920 | |
und in Frage gestellt sehen | |
durch klerikale Machtansprüche | |
00:13:53.200 --> 00:13:58.920 | |
die eigentlich wie aus der Zeit gefallene Relikte wirken | |
00:13:59.360 --> 00:14:02.720 | |
wenn man sich die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen | |
00:14:03.080 --> 00:14:05.320 | |
und Fakten im Zusammenhang | |
mit der Beschneidung anschaut. | |
00:14:05.840 --> 00:14:11.390 | |
In ihrem buch hat doch Holm Putzke einem Beitrag geschrieben. | |
00:14:11.390 --> 00:14:13.907 | |
Er hat sich ja auch damals in der Beschneidungsdebatte | |
00:14:13.920 --> 00:14:16.680 | |
anlässlich des Kölner Urteils vehement engagiert. | |
00:14:17.040 --> 00:14:22.080 | |
Ja Holm Putzke ist man kann sagen | |
00:14:22.450 --> 00:14:27.290 | |
derjenige der die Kölner Entscheidung | |
ein Stück weit durch seine Arbeit | |
00:14:27.290 --> 00:14:32.510 | |
durch seine wissenschaftliche juristische | |
Arbeit vorbereitet und angebahnt hat. | |
00:14:32.510 --> 00:14:38.240 | |
Er hat schon Jahre im Vorfeld des Kölner | |
Urteils seiner juristischen Fach und | |
00:14:38.240 --> 00:14:43.400 | |
Berufskollegen auf die Problematik der | |
Körperverletzung aufmerksam gemacht, | |
00:14:43.400 --> 00:14:46.262 | |
was bis dahin stillschweigend | |
geduldet Praxis war, | |
00:14:46.280 --> 00:14:50.720 | |
ist aus juristischer Sicht ganz einfach eine Körperverletzung ja. | |
00:14:51.000 --> 00:14:53.880 | |
Das ist uns völlig klar. | |
00:14:53.880 --> 00:14:58.920 | |
Und offensichtlich im Bereich der | |
weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung | |
00:14:58.920 --> 00:15:03.840 | |
dort wird ja auch ganz pauschal auch bei | |
den schwächeren Minderformen | |
00:15:04.360 --> 00:15:06.520 | |
von einer Verstümmelung gesprochen. | |
00:15:06.880 --> 00:15:11.000 | |
Und hier greift auch die öffentliche Staatsanwalt | |
00:15:11.360 --> 00:15:16.160 | |
schaftlicher Strafverfolgung | |
des entsprechenden Delikts. | |
00:15:16.360 --> 00:15:20.080 | |
Und er hat darauf hingewiesen, | |
Herr Kollege Putzke, | |
00:15:20.520 --> 00:15:27.000 | |
dass derselbe Tatbestand der Körperverletzung | |
eines hilflosen kleinen Kindes | |
00:15:27.440 --> 00:15:32.840 | |
im Rahmen der rituellen Zwangsbeschneidung | |
auch bei den Jungen vorliegt ja. | |
00:15:32.920 --> 00:15:38.640 | |
Wir haben es hier also im Grunde mit der jetzigen | |
gesetzlichen Reglementierungen | |
00:15:39.120 --> 00:15:45.080 | |
mit einer genital, mit der Festschreibung | |
der genitalen Diskriminierung von Jungen zu tun. | |
00:15:45.800 --> 00:15:50.520 | |
Und es gibt maßgebliche Verfassungsjuristen | |
auch neben herrn Putzke, | |
00:15:51.000 --> 00:15:56.989 | |
auch andere Juristen, ich nenne hier | |
die namen Scheinfeld, Herzberg | |
00:15:57.000 --> 00:16:02.760 | |
aber auch Merkel | |
die dieses höchst widersprüchliche Gesetz | |
00:16:03.080 --> 00:16:07.440 | |
unter verfassungsrechtlichen Gesichtspunkten | |
als sehr kritisch beurteilen. | |
00:16:08.560 --> 00:16:12.400 | |
Holm Putzke vertritt ja auch im Buch die Auffassung | |
00:16:12.400 --> 00:16:15.240 | |
dass quasi der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung | |
00:16:15.520 --> 00:16:19.000 | |
auf diese weise der Weg | |
wieder geebnet werden könnte. | |
00:16:20.080 --> 00:16:24.120 | |
Irmingard Schewe-Gerigk von der | |
Organisation Terre de Femmes | |
00:16:24.440 --> 00:16:27.360 | |
oder Marlene Rupprecht | |
die sich im Deutschen Bundestag | |
00:16:27.640 --> 00:16:34.120 | |
sehr für eine Kinderschutz gerechte Variante des Beschneidung Gesetzes eingesetzt hat. | |
00:16:34.400 --> 00:16:40.080 | |
Diese beiden Frauen befürchten | |
genau das was sie sagen | |
00:16:40.080 --> 00:16:45.960 | |
dass durch die Hintertür | |
der Erlaubnis der männlichen Beschneidung, | |
00:16:46.160 --> 00:16:51.600 | |
oder eben Vorhaut rituellen Vorhaut Amputation | |
ohne medizinische Indikation, | |
00:16:51.920 --> 00:16:57.040 | |
wiederum die weibliche Ritual Beschneidungen eingeführt werden könnte. | |
00:16:57.440 --> 00:17:00.480 | |
Solche Stimmen sind tatsächlich | |
mittlerweile laut geworden. | |
00:17:01.880 --> 00:17:06.480 | |
Die Debatte findet ja aktuell in einer Atmosphäre statt | |
00:17:06.680 --> 00:17:09.267 | |
wo eben viele Ängste laut werden, | |
00:17:09.280 --> 00:17:12.800 | |
die Debatte sehr emotionalisiert auch hier in Wien | |
00:17:12.840 --> 00:17:15.800 | |
bei der Pressekonferenz war das zu merken. | |
00:17:16.760 --> 00:17:23.080 | |
Warum werden da so starke Emotionen | |
geschürt und es ist auch zu beobachten | |
00:17:23.080 --> 00:17:31.080 | |
dass wenige Betroffene offen sagen dass | |
sie unter der Beschneidung gelitten haben. | |
00:17:31.280 --> 00:17:33.680 | |
Also das ganze ist nach wie vor | |
ein tabuisiertes Thema. | |
00:17:34.080 --> 00:17:40.560 | |
Deshalb plädieren die Autorinnen und Autoren des Buches dafür die Diskussion endlich offen, | |
00:17:40.570 --> 00:17:45.590 | |
Fakten orientiert aber im | |
wechselseitigen Respekt zu führen. | |
00:17:45.590 --> 00:17:50.899 | |
Auch mit den religiösen Gruppierungen | |
aber eben auch im Hinblick | |
00:17:50.899 --> 00:17:52.905 | |
auf die eigentlich betroffenen Kinder. | |
00:17:52.905 --> 00:17:55.399 | |
Um auf diesen Punkt vielleicht noch zu kommen, | |
00:17:55.400 --> 00:17:58.640 | |
warum schweigen so viele? | |
00:17:58.840 --> 00:18:05.680 | |
Dieser Punkt dass so viele Betroffene | |
erst jetzt beginnen sich zu outen | |
00:18:06.760 --> 00:18:09.000 | |
hat ebenfalls viel Ursachen. | |
00:18:09.400 --> 00:18:13.200 | |
Zum einen fällt es Männern | |
grundsätzlich etwas schwerer | |
00:18:13.520 --> 00:18:19.720 | |
im emotionalen Bereich über | |
Probleme über Schwierigkeiten zu sprechen. | |
00:18:20.520 --> 00:18:24.640 | |
Darüber hinaus wird durch | |
die Kastrations-Drohung der Beschneidung | |
00:18:24.980 --> 00:18:28.500 | |
aber auch eine sehr tiefgreifende Loyalität erzeugt. | |
00:18:29.080 --> 00:18:31.880 | |
Und die kritische, das kritische reden darüber | |
00:18:31.980 --> 00:18:34.600 | |
was haben mir denn meine Eltern dan angetan? | |
00:18:34.840 --> 00:18:37.960 | |
Fällt genau aus diesen Gründen so schwer | |
00:18:37.960 --> 00:18:42.360 | |
und hierdurch bedingt entstehen starke Schamgefühle, | |
00:18:42.560 --> 00:18:47.620 | |
Kinder sind sehr treu und halten | |
auch im Bösen oft zu ihren Eltern. | |
00:18:48.120 --> 00:18:53.220 | |
Und es entsteht eben eine sehr | |
stark patriarchalisch fundierten Loyalität. | |
00:18:53.720 --> 00:18:56.240 | |
Und das zusammen mit dem männlichen Rollen Käfig | |
00:18:56.300 --> 00:18:58.600 | |
macht es so unglaublich schwer | |
00:18:58.980 --> 00:19:03.180 | |
von dem mit der Beschneidung | |
verbundenen Leit zu sprechen. | |
00:19:03.360 --> 00:19:07.040 | |
Erst recht auch wenn | |
man von sexuellen probleme in dem er | |
00:19:07.040 --> 00:19:11.600 | |
dann im Erwachsenenalter wo möglich hat | |
wird die Desensibilisierung der Eichel | |
00:19:11.600 --> 00:19:16.010 | |
also darüber offen zu reden ist | |
natürlich dann auch ja noch schwieriger | |
00:19:16.010 --> 00:19:21.290 | |
Und das beschämt natürlich wirklich | |
viele Männer und man kann als reaktions | |
00:19:21.290 --> 00:19:24.956 | |
Bildung auch häufig hören von Männern | |
00:19:24.960 --> 00:19:29.960 | |
die sehr plakativ darauf hinweisen dass ihre Sexualität | |
00:19:30.060 --> 00:19:32.720 | |
in überhaupt keiner Weise beeinträchtigt sei | |
00:19:32.720 --> 00:19:36.380 | |
durch die Beschneidung, im Gegenteil, ja. | |
00:19:36.960 --> 00:19:41.240 | |
Ich als Arzt rede natürlich naturgemäß eher mit den | |
00:19:41.240 --> 00:19:43.680 | |
Patienten die nun mal daran leiten | |
00:19:43.680 --> 00:19:47.400 | |
und die in erheblicher Weise beeinträchtigt sind | |
00:19:47.620 --> 00:19:50.460 | |
und das ist Teil meiner beruflichen Realität. | |
00:19:50.470 --> 00:19:56.100 | |
Es gibt natürlich auch Männer die mit | |
der Beschneidung | |
00:19:56.100 --> 00:19:59.060 | |
keinerlei oder kaum Probleme haben | |
00:19:59.220 --> 00:20:02.120 | |
Nachgewiesen ist allerdings dass mit der Zeit | |
00:20:02.220 --> 00:20:06.520 | |
die ungeschützte Eichel die durch | |
die Vorhaut ungeschützte Eichel | |
00:20:06.660 --> 00:20:09.760 | |
nach und nach an Sensibilität verliert. | |
00:20:09.760 --> 00:20:10.960 | |
Das ist ein Prozess der sich über Jahre | |
00:20:10.960 --> 00:20:14.360 | |
und Jahrzehnte erstrecken kann | |
00:20:14.660 --> 00:20:20.820 | |
und interessanterweise | |
wenn man die Partnerinnen fragt, ja | |
00:20:21.100 --> 00:20:24.640 | |
und ich finde | |
Frauen sollten in diesem Thema viel viel | |
00:20:24.640 --> 00:20:31.180 | |
mehr einbezogen werden sowohl als Mütter | |
als auch als Sexualpartnerinnen. | |
00:20:31.360 --> 00:20:34.549 | |
Wenn man die Partnerin | |
von beschnittenen Männern befragt, | |
00:20:34.549 --> 00:20:36.940 | |
es gibt entsprechende empirische Studien, | |
00:20:37.080 --> 00:20:40.120 | |
dann berichten nicht nur die Männer, | |
00:20:40.300 --> 00:20:41.740 | |
die beschnittenen Männer, | |
00:20:41.740 --> 00:20:44.300 | |
dreimal häufiger über Orgasmus | |
00:20:44.500 --> 00:20:47.320 | |
und Sensibilitäts Störungen während des Verkehrs, | |
00:20:47.400 --> 00:20:49.740 | |
sondern auch deren Partnerin. | |
00:20:50.120 --> 00:20:54.640 | |
Von daher ist die Beschneidung, die rituelle Zwangsbeschneidung, | |
00:20:54.640 --> 00:20:59.940 | |
kleiner Jungen die sich nicht wehren | |
können weil sie so schwach sind | |
00:21:01.040 --> 00:21:06.220 | |
nicht nur eine Frage die Männer interessiert, interessieren sollte, | |
00:21:06.560 --> 00:21:09.560 | |
sondern ich denke auch gerade Frauen sind hier gefragt. | |
00:21:09.900 --> 00:21:12.100 | |
Auch sie können davon profitieren | |
00:21:12.340 --> 00:21:16.120 | |
wenn patriarchalische Rituale | |
infrage gestellt werden. | |
00:21:16.129 --> 00:21:20.409 | |
Sie können als Mütter davon profitieren | |
00:21:20.409 --> 00:21:22.620 | |
und sie können auch als | |
Sexualpartnerinnen davon profitieren. | |
00:21:23.440 --> 00:21:27.080 | |
Ich meine wir leben in einer säkularen Demokratie, | |
00:21:27.120 --> 00:21:32.500 | |
sollte der Staat angesichts | |
dieser auf der hand liegenden | |
00:21:32.509 --> 00:21:35.320 | |
juristischen und medizinischen Argumente | |
00:21:35.320 --> 00:21:38.620 | |
also es gibt ja doch immer mehr Experten | |
die sich zu Wort melden. | |
00:21:38.860 --> 00:21:41.120 | |
Wäre es dann nicht schon längst an der Zeit | |
00:21:41.280 --> 00:21:42.720 | |
dass da eingegriffen wird. | |
00:21:43.280 --> 00:21:46.940 | |
Und warum passiert das nicht, oder so zögerlich? | |
00:21:47.620 --> 00:21:52.060 | |
Es gibt keinen Grund, keinen | |
medizinischen Grund, | |
00:21:52.060 --> 00:21:56.780 | |
und keinen rationalen Grund dafür | |
einen gesunden Jungen | |
00:21:56.960 --> 00:22:00.440 | |
seine gesunde Vorhaut abzuschneiden. | |
00:22:00.520 --> 00:22:03.300 | |
Es handelt sich um | |
eine schwerwiegende Körperverletzung | |
00:22:03.500 --> 00:22:08.100 | |
mit möglichen sexuellen körperlichen | |
und seelischen Langzeitfolgen | |
00:22:08.180 --> 00:22:10.920 | |
zum teil höchst leidvoller Art. | |
00:22:10.920 --> 00:22:15.420 | |
Ich habe Männer getroffen die auf Grund ihrer Beschneidungs Folgen | |
00:22:15.420 --> 00:22:17.400 | |
suizidal gewesen sind. | |
00:22:18.300 --> 00:22:21.780 | |
Und insofern ist ihre Frage natürlich berechtigt. | |
00:22:22.240 --> 00:22:23.520 | |
Und deshalb brauchen wir | |
00:22:24.480 --> 00:22:29.000 | |
eine interessierte Öffentlichkeit die hinschaut. | |
00:22:29.540 --> 00:22:31.001 | |
Wie geht's den kleinen Kindern? | |
00:22:31.001 --> 00:22:33.740 | |
Was wird mit den kleinen Jungen | |
und Mädchen gemacht? | |
00:22:33.980 --> 00:22:37.340 | |
Und wie tut das dem? Ja, wie Weh tut das dehnen? | |
00:22:37.480 --> 00:22:40.180 | |
und was wird langfristig daraus. | |
00:22:43.060 --> 00:22:48.900 | |
Untertitel von Simon ten Kate | |
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WEBVTT | |
Kind: captions | |
Language: en | |
00:00:00.700 --> 00:00:01.820 | |
Professor Franz, | |
00:00:01.880 --> 00:00:04.240 | |
You are a specialist in psychosomatic medicine | |
00:00:04.400 --> 00:00:07.800 | |
and psychoanalysts and you are now in Vienna | |
00:00:07.960 --> 00:00:09.660 | |
to introduce your new book | |
00:00:09.660 --> 00:00:14.660 | |
'Circumcision of boys A sad legacy' | |
00:00:15.220 --> 00:00:19.100 | |
What motivates you to get involved in this issue? | |
00:00:19.480 --> 00:00:25.660 | |
As a doctor and psychoanalyst, | |
one is confronted with patients | |
00:00:25.880 --> 00:00:31.560 | |
that have anxieties, that have childhood stress | |
00:00:31.740 --> 00:00:32.900 | |
suffering from trauma. | |
00:00:33.180 --> 00:00:37.640 | |
And until 15 years ago I was quite naive, | |
00:00:37.640 --> 00:00:40.220 | |
one might even say uninformed | |
00:00:40.360 --> 00:00:44.360 | |
concerning the painful consequences of circumcision. | |
00:00:44.660 --> 00:00:49.660 | |
And I was unexpectedly confronted | |
by one of my patients | |
00:00:49.900 --> 00:00:57.160 | |
with hard to bear childhood stories. | |
00:00:57.440 --> 00:01:00.820 | |
One of my patients told me a terrible story | |
00:01:00.820 --> 00:01:04.660 | |
that happened to him at the age of four or five years. | |
00:01:04.820 --> 00:01:09.060 | |
He was at that time under big promises | |
00:01:09.060 --> 00:01:13.480 | |
asked to attend a mysterious meeting. | |
00:01:13.540 --> 00:01:17.060 | |
His father said to him he was going to become a man | |
00:01:17.300 --> 00:01:20.480 | |
and things like that, he would receive gifts. | |
00:01:20.540 --> 00:01:22.700 | |
And when it happened, | |
00:01:22.700 --> 00:01:27.040 | |
he was grabbed by unfamiliar men. | |
00:01:27.180 --> 00:01:29.700 | |
His pants were pulled down. | |
00:01:30.020 --> 00:01:33.200 | |
One of these men put a knife to his penis. | |
00:01:33.340 --> 00:01:35.240 | |
It hurt, it was bleeding, | |
00:01:35.240 --> 00:01:39.280 | |
and he described how | |
he ran away screaming from that situation. | |
00:01:39.560 --> 00:01:44.800 | |
But he was again caught by the men and detained. | |
00:01:44.940 --> 00:01:51.460 | |
The circumcision was carried out | |
against his will by force, completed. | |
00:01:51.960 --> 00:01:55.360 | |
While my patient told me this, | |
00:01:55.580 --> 00:01:57.600 | |
beads of sweat appeared on his forehead, | |
00:01:57.740 --> 00:02:00.952 | |
he was no longer capable of holding eye contact, | |
00:02:00.952 --> 00:02:02.260 | |
he began to tremble. | |
00:02:02.280 --> 00:02:06.500 | |
So it was what we describe as | |
a dissociative reactualization | |
00:02:06.680 --> 00:02:08.880 | |
of a traumatic experience. | |
00:02:09.040 --> 00:02:12.300 | |
This happened in this diagnostic situation. | |
00:02:13.180 --> 00:02:16.140 | |
I was very impressed by this story | |
00:02:16.300 --> 00:02:22.020 | |
and then I decided to | |
intensively investigate the topic | |
00:02:22.160 --> 00:02:27.120 | |
of ritual forced circumcision of boys. | |
00:02:27.620 --> 00:02:32.740 | |
Fact is that to date as well as in | |
the Muslim community | |
00:02:32.940 --> 00:02:36.300 | |
many boys are circumcised | |
without anaesthetic. | |
00:02:37.440 --> 00:02:38.800 | |
Yes, that's right. | |
00:02:39.060 --> 00:02:41.780 | |
In Germany the circumcision ritual | |
00:02:41.900 --> 00:02:46.980 | |
basically did not change much. | |
00:02:47.080 --> 00:02:49.880 | |
Complications continue to happen. | |
00:02:50.120 --> 00:02:54.980 | |
Still cutting often is performed without any anaesthesia, | |
00:02:55.200 --> 00:02:57.760 | |
without any sedation. | |
00:02:58.040 --> 00:03:04.520 | |
Only a small part of the parents pay attention | |
00:03:04.520 --> 00:03:07.520 | |
to perform the circumcision at a later age, | |
00:03:07.680 --> 00:03:11.440 | |
or that it's performed under surgical conditions. | |
00:03:12.300 --> 00:03:17.700 | |
In the majority of cases, | |
also in the newborn circumcision, | |
00:03:17.860 --> 00:03:21.900 | |
the forced circumcision is performed | |
without anesthesia, | |
00:03:22.100 --> 00:03:25.700 | |
without effective pain treatment. | |
00:03:25.980 --> 00:03:29.940 | |
Whilst circumcision is basically a euphemism, | |
00:03:29.960 --> 00:03:34.980 | |
so a whitewashing, a conceptual whitewashing. | |
00:03:34.980 --> 00:03:39.560 | |
It is basically about the amputation | |
of an essentially important organ | |
00:03:39.620 --> 00:03:44.120 | |
for the sexual pleasure sensation. | |
00:03:44.420 --> 00:03:50.220 | |
That means, first of all, circumcison | |
is a traumatic experience when it happens | |
00:03:50.380 --> 00:03:55.340 | |
because it is painful for infants | |
as well as for small children | |
00:03:55.520 --> 00:03:57.880 | |
in the Muslim religious community. | |
00:03:57.980 --> 00:04:03.980 | |
And you also say that later on it | |
can affect sexual pleasure. | |
00:04:03.980 --> 00:04:06.000 | |
That is too little known. | |
00:04:06.220 --> 00:04:13.780 | |
So normally there is the assumption | |
that it doesn't negatively influence later life. | |
00:04:14.260 --> 00:04:19.280 | |
Even circumcisions that are performed | |
under surgically correct conditions | |
00:04:19.280 --> 00:04:24.580 | |
have a complication rate | |
in long-term studies of 5 percent. | |
00:04:24.760 --> 00:04:31.320 | |
And they only describe the physical complications, | |
00:04:31.540 --> 00:04:34.040 | |
i.e. scarring, partial amputations, | |
00:04:34.240 --> 00:04:36.120 | |
erectile dysfunction, | |
00:04:36.260 --> 00:04:38.660 | |
obstructing nerve cords, | |
00:04:39.840 --> 00:04:43.300 | |
Residues of wound healing complications, | |
00:04:43.540 --> 00:04:45.240 | |
sensitivity disorders. | |
00:04:45.540 --> 00:04:49.240 | |
The narrowing of the | |
urethra opening on the glans | |
00:04:49.240 --> 00:04:54.560 | |
is also a relatively common | |
complication of circumcision. | |
00:04:54.780 --> 00:04:59.020 | |
That means that everything is not so rare. | |
00:04:59.020 --> 00:05:04.380 | |
Of course there are also | |
many that are circumcised, | |
00:05:04.700 --> 00:05:08.260 | |
forcibly circumcised in their childhood, against their will, | |
00:05:08.320 --> 00:05:13.200 | |
who as adults, subjectively at least, | |
have no complaints. | |
00:05:13.520 --> 00:05:18.440 | |
But we know about circumcision patients | |
00:05:18.600 --> 00:05:20.780 | |
that have been circumcised as adults | |
00:05:21.060 --> 00:05:25.940 | |
that the sensitivity of the glans, | |
also through the foreskin loss, | |
00:05:26.060 --> 00:05:30.860 | |
decreases significantly and that also has consequences | |
00:05:31.060 --> 00:05:35.220 | |
for the for the way sexual intercourse is experienced, | |
00:05:35.360 --> 00:05:41.060 | |
and the sexual perception | |
and pleasure potential. | |
00:05:41.060 --> 00:05:46.940 | |
Not to mention the emotional aspects, yes. | |
00:05:47.140 --> 00:05:51.640 | |
We know from empirical studies | |
that early circumcised infants | |
00:05:51.640 --> 00:05:54.320 | |
have different a breastfeeding behavior | |
00:05:54.480 --> 00:06:00.280 | |
and sometimes a different bonding | |
with the early caregivers. | |
00:06:00.560 --> 00:06:07.980 | |
And that memories of pain and anxiety | |
caused by the circumcision | |
00:06:08.140 --> 00:06:14.800 | |
can raise stress levels, even half a year later, for example, experiencing vaccines. | |
00:06:15.040 --> 00:06:19.100 | |
So circumcised, as newborn circumcised children, | |
00:06:19.340 --> 00:06:21.800 | |
react more intensely and aversively | |
00:06:22.040 --> 00:06:26.720 | |
to pain later than uncircumcised children. | |
00:06:26.720 --> 00:06:29.860 | |
And if children are circumcised a little later | |
00:06:30.080 --> 00:06:32.140 | |
at the age of four, five, six years, | |
00:06:32.260 --> 00:06:36.280 | |
so at the age the sexual identity is consolidated, | |
00:06:36.800 --> 00:06:41.860 | |
what Sigmund Freud called the oedipal phase. | |
00:06:42.360 --> 00:06:46.660 | |
If in this highly sensitive | |
psychosexual development phase | |
00:06:46.760 --> 00:06:48.620 | |
a genital trauma is inficted | |
00:06:48.620 --> 00:06:53.000 | |
then it can trigger | |
a very strong fear of castration, | |
00:06:53.300 --> 00:06:57.060 | |
even into the adult age. | |
00:06:57.700 --> 00:07:03.220 | |
And for example in situations where | |
00:07:03.220 --> 00:07:05.880 | |
masculinity is questioned again, | |
00:07:05.880 --> 00:07:11.920 | |
it can cause anxiety triggered impulsivity. | |
00:07:12.680 --> 00:07:17.400 | |
But also just physical dysfunctions, sexual dysfunction | |
00:07:17.640 --> 00:07:21.800 | |
as the patient experienced of whom I told you. | |
00:07:22.120 --> 00:07:28.160 | |
How much is the medical | |
field of urology concerned here? | |
00:07:28.440 --> 00:07:35.020 | |
Because my son has been circumcised | |
because of a narrow foreskin, phimosis. | |
00:07:35.080 --> 00:07:38.620 | |
And I trusted the doctor, | |
00:07:38.880 --> 00:07:43.580 | |
I just had that carried out at the age of | |
six and seven years. | |
00:07:43.820 --> 00:07:46.980 | |
And then only later I heard | |
about these far-reaching consequences. | |
00:07:47.200 --> 00:07:51.700 | |
And in the meantime, after that, | |
I also found out that among the urologists | |
00:07:51.880 --> 00:07:54.840 | |
there are specialists that are faster with the circumcision, | |
00:07:54.860 --> 00:07:58.680 | |
and also others that carry out | |
a restorative type of circumcision | |
00:07:58.860 --> 00:08:02.180 | |
in a way that the foreskin is preserved. | |
00:08:02.180 --> 00:08:05.200 | |
And I think that it's also in this field | |
00:08:05.360 --> 00:08:08.740 | |
has not yet sufficiently been enforced | |
00:08:08.740 --> 00:08:12.900 | |
and one goes ahead too quickly with circumcision. | |
00:08:13.480 --> 00:08:15.820 | |
Unfortunately, I have to agree with you. | |
00:08:16.400 --> 00:08:22.160 | |
I also know many many cases in which boys | |
00:08:22.360 --> 00:08:26.880 | |
due to a completely normal physiological phimosis | |
00:08:27.020 --> 00:08:30.200 | |
at the age of four, five years have been circumcised. | |
00:08:32.860 --> 00:08:38.160 | |
That's a very difficult issue | |
that you address here, yes. | |
00:08:38.480 --> 00:08:45.860 | |
Economic interests may also play a role | |
in one case or another. | |
00:08:46.320 --> 00:08:52.520 | |
The amount of sales generated by circumcisions in the USA | |
00:08:52.720 --> 00:08:59.280 | |
are estimated at one to two billion dollars, | |
00:08:59.280 --> 00:09:06.000 | |
depending on whether health insurance companies | |
finance this intervention or not. | |
00:09:06.400 --> 00:09:12.880 | |
And there are, in fact, again and again | |
unfortunately circumcision interventions | |
00:09:13.280 --> 00:09:19.360 | |
which take place too early where | |
a physiological natural phimosis | |
00:09:19.680 --> 00:09:23.560 | |
is treated as a pathological phimosis, yes. | |
00:09:24.760 --> 00:09:29.400 | |
In newborns and toddlers alike until preschool age | |
00:09:29.660 --> 00:09:31.860 | |
with the majority of children | |
00:09:31.860 --> 00:09:34.480 | |
the foreskin is adhered to the glans. | |
00:09:34.720 --> 00:09:39.260 | |
This fusion is totally normal and separates with time. | |
00:09:39.520 --> 00:09:45.380 | |
Around puberty in 90 percent of boys | |
00:09:45.389 --> 00:09:47.515 | |
this fusion between the protective foreskin | |
00:09:47.520 --> 00:09:49.420 | |
and the glans is separated | |
00:09:49.540 --> 00:09:53.520 | |
so that the foreskin can be retracted entirely. | |
00:09:53.760 --> 00:09:57.420 | |
So that means for a boy of four, five, six, seven years, | |
00:09:57.600 --> 00:10:04.360 | |
it's perfectly normal that the foreskin is | |
a bit more or less fused to the glans. | |
00:10:04.580 --> 00:10:08.540 | |
If, in that situation, a doctor or a parent decides | |
00:10:08.760 --> 00:10:15.780 | |
to pull the foreskin forcefully | |
or violently behind the glans | |
00:10:16.120 --> 00:10:21.080 | |
then what will happen is exactly | |
what parents are afraid of, | |
00:10:21.180 --> 00:10:25.080 | |
then a phimosis can be caused | |
00:10:25.320 --> 00:10:29.280 | |
in that the foreskin is stretched too much | |
00:10:29.480 --> 00:10:32.560 | |
which causes micro-tears in the tissue | |
00:10:32.880 --> 00:10:36.640 | |
and the scars that are formed during the healing | |
00:10:36.880 --> 00:10:42.500 | |
leads to a narrowing of the foreskin, | |
00:10:42.840 --> 00:10:45.600 | |
which otherwise would not have occurred | |
00:10:45.920 --> 00:10:49.040 | |
if you had left the genitals alone. | |
00:10:49.480 --> 00:10:55.840 | |
Therefore, adults have no business | |
with the genitals of children. | |
00:10:56.240 --> 00:10:58.080 | |
They only belong to the children. | |
00:10:58.080 --> 00:11:00.960 | |
You should let them mature in peace. | |
00:11:01.280 --> 00:11:05.920 | |
There are, however, | |
that was also said from a medical perspective, | |
00:11:06.320 --> 00:11:11.720 | |
a very small percentage of children, | |
also young people, | |
00:11:12.120 --> 00:11:16.760 | |
where the foreskin indeed | |
has a pathological phimosis. | |
00:11:17.160 --> 00:11:23.280 | |
For example, related to | |
chronic inflammation or with sclerosis | |
00:11:23.520 --> 00:11:26.680 | |
that means the limited autoimmune processes | |
00:11:26.680 --> 00:11:31.580 | |
that takes place in the foreskin | |
which then lead to scarring. | |
00:11:31.780 --> 00:11:39.520 | |
Which then turn into risk constellations | |
for other diseases of the penis. | |
00:11:39.920 --> 00:11:43.240 | |
And here it makes perfect sense to do an intervention | |
00:11:43.240 --> 00:11:46.930 | |
under precise surgical conditions. | |
00:11:46.930 --> 00:11:53.950 | |
That's right, | |
but in the vast majority of cases | |
00:11:53.960 --> 00:11:57.040 | |
phimosis is physiological and not pathological. | |
00:11:58.160 --> 00:12:02.800 | |
That means, the topic | |
with its far-reaching consequences | |
00:12:02.800 --> 00:12:06.600 | |
is an underestimated topic | |
in the public opinion. | |
00:12:06.920 --> 00:12:09.600 | |
Because, so the Cologne judgment | |
now is two years ago. | |
00:12:09.840 --> 00:12:10.520 | |
Exactly | |
00:12:10.760 --> 00:12:17.120 | |
And in the public debate not much has changed. | |
00:12:18.520 --> 00:12:23.000 | |
The debate has not yet matured to a discussion. | |
00:12:23.720 --> 00:12:27.240 | |
And our book is supposed to initiate | |
00:12:27.240 --> 00:12:30.840 | |
the for now still pending discussion, | |
00:12:30.980 --> 00:12:34.340 | |
to nudge it, fertilize it, | |
as for the the scientific facts, | |
00:12:34.560 --> 00:12:37.800 | |
the findings based on the empirical basis. | |
00:12:37.840 --> 00:12:42.280 | |
Fear affects our facts perception, yes. | |
00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:46.280 | |
And if we have a very | |
uncomfortable, scary, topic | |
00:12:46.560 --> 00:12:51.520 | |
talk to each other in a clarifying way, | |
then this fear always plays a role. | |
00:12:51.840 --> 00:12:56.400 | |
And the second big fear that | |
hampers the public debate | |
00:12:56.800 --> 00:13:00.680 | |
is the anxiety of religious groups for their identity, | |
00:13:01.080 --> 00:13:05.880 | |
around their group tradition, their cohesion. | |
00:13:06.200 --> 00:13:09.360 | |
And that is in the face of historical catastrophes | |
00:13:09.680 --> 00:13:15.080 | |
religious groups always | |
have been exposed to again and again, | |
00:13:15.600 --> 00:13:20.000 | |
I personally find that very understandable. | |
00:13:20.280 --> 00:13:28.000 | |
These fears must also be taken into account | |
in a respectful discussion. | |
00:13:28.280 --> 00:13:31.360 | |
But not just the circumcision advocates | |
00:13:31.520 --> 00:13:34.960 | |
but also the circumcision critics are afraid. | |
00:13:35.280 --> 00:13:38.480 | |
Though the fear of the circumcision critics | |
00:13:39.280 --> 00:13:44.620 | |
finds his reason in the fact that | |
they see our human rights, | |
00:13:44.820 --> 00:13:48.620 | |
the human rights basics of our democratic constitution | |
00:13:48.920 --> 00:13:52.780 | |
threatened and questioned | |
through clerical claims to power. | |
00:13:53.060 --> 00:13:56.720 | |
In reality they are like relics from the past | |
00:13:56.726 --> 00:13:58.920 | |
that don't fit in modern times | |
00:13:59.360 --> 00:14:02.720 | |
if you look at the scientific basics | |
00:14:03.080 --> 00:14:05.320 | |
and facts in context of circumcision. | |
00:14:05.840 --> 00:14:10.520 | |
Holm Putzke wrote a contribution in your book. | |
00:14:10.640 --> 00:14:13.900 | |
He also surely was vehemently engaged | |
in the circumcision debate | |
00:14:13.920 --> 00:14:16.680 | |
on the occasion of the Cologne ruling. | |
00:14:17.040 --> 00:14:22.080 | |
Yes, Holm Putzke is, you may say, | |
00:14:22.440 --> 00:14:26.820 | |
the one that prepared and initiated | |
the Cologne ruling | |
00:14:27.080 --> 00:14:32.220 | |
with his scientific and legal work. | |
00:14:32.500 --> 00:14:36.960 | |
Years before the Cologne ruling | |
he already draw the attention | |
00:14:37.180 --> 00:14:43.220 | |
of his legal and professional colleagues | |
to the problem of bodily injury, | |
00:14:43.400 --> 00:14:46.800 | |
which until then was | |
a tolerated, not debated practice was, | |
00:14:46.960 --> 00:14:50.720 | |
is from a legal point of view | |
quite simply a bodily injury. | |
00:14:51.000 --> 00:14:55.160 | |
That is completely clear to us and obvious | |
00:14:55.380 --> 00:14:58.920 | |
concerning female genital mutilation. | |
00:14:58.920 --> 00:15:06.580 | |
The less severe forms | |
are unanimously called mutilation. | |
00:15:06.880 --> 00:15:11.000 | |
And this is where the public prosecutor comes in, | |
00:15:11.360 --> 00:15:16.160 | |
prosecuting the corresponding offense. | |
00:15:16.360 --> 00:15:23.900 | |
And he pointed out, Mr Putzke, | |
that the same fact; | |
00:15:24.120 --> 00:15:27.160 | |
the physical assault on a helpless little child | |
00:15:27.440 --> 00:15:30.880 | |
in the context of ritual forced circumcision, | |
00:15:31.000 --> 00:15:32.840 | |
applies to boys too. | |
00:15:32.920 --> 00:15:39.940 | |
Given the current legal regulations we are dealing | |
00:15:40.220 --> 00:15:45.380 | |
with genital discrimination of boys. | |
00:15:45.580 --> 00:15:49.340 | |
And there are authoritative constitutional lawyers | |
00:15:49.520 --> 00:15:50.920 | |
also besides Mr. Putzke, | |
00:15:50.920 --> 00:15:56.980 | |
also other lawyers, I mention here | |
the names Scheinfeld, Herzberg. | |
00:15:57.000 --> 00:16:03.320 | |
But also Merkel who judge this most inconsistent law | |
00:16:03.520 --> 00:16:07.260 | |
under constitutional aspects as very critical. | |
00:16:08.060 --> 00:16:12.400 | |
In this book Holm Putzke also represents the view that, | |
00:16:12.400 --> 00:16:17.360 | |
so to say, this can prepare the way | |
for female genital mutilation | |
00:16:17.580 --> 00:16:19.200 | |
to be allowed again too. | |
00:16:19.800 --> 00:16:24.120 | |
Irmingard Schewe-Gerigk of the | |
organization Terre de Femmes | |
00:16:24.280 --> 00:16:29.960 | |
or Marlene Rupprecht who committed herself | |
very much in the German Bundestag | |
00:16:30.220 --> 00:16:34.120 | |
for a child protection variant of the circumcision law. | |
00:16:34.400 --> 00:16:40.080 | |
Both of these women fear exactly what you are saying | |
00:16:40.080 --> 00:16:43.800 | |
that because male circumcision is permitted, | |
00:16:43.980 --> 00:16:51.580 | |
or ritual foreskin amputation without medical indication, | |
00:16:51.840 --> 00:16:57.140 | |
female ritual circumcision | |
could be reintroduced through the backdoor. | |
00:16:57.360 --> 00:17:00.820 | |
Voices like that have lately become loud. | |
00:17:01.600 --> 00:17:06.480 | |
The debate is currently taking place in an atmosphere | |
00:17:06.680 --> 00:17:09.267 | |
where many fears are being raised | |
00:17:09.280 --> 00:17:12.800 | |
The debate is also very emotional here in Vienna too. | |
00:17:12.840 --> 00:17:16.200 | |
That was noticeable at the press conference. | |
00:17:16.760 --> 00:17:21.140 | |
Why does it stir up such strong emotions? | |
00:17:21.140 --> 00:17:26.020 | |
And it is also observed that few people | |
00:17:26.180 --> 00:17:31.080 | |
say openly that they suffered from circumcision. | |
00:17:31.280 --> 00:17:33.680 | |
So the whole thing is still a taboo issue. | |
00:17:33.940 --> 00:17:41.180 | |
Therefore, the authors of the book | |
plead to finally hold the debate openly, | |
00:17:41.360 --> 00:17:45.580 | |
fact oriented but with mutual respect. | |
00:17:45.590 --> 00:17:50.899 | |
Also with the religious groups, | |
but also with regard to | |
00:17:50.900 --> 00:17:53.060 | |
to the children actually affected. | |
00:17:53.440 --> 00:17:57.680 | |
To come to this point maybe; | |
why are so many silent? | |
00:17:58.840 --> 00:18:08.880 | |
This point that so many sufferers only now | |
start to come out is due to many causes. | |
00:18:09.060 --> 00:18:13.200 | |
For one, to men it's basically a bit more difficult | |
00:18:13.520 --> 00:18:19.720 | |
to talk about problems, | |
difficulties, in the emotional sphere. | |
00:18:20.520 --> 00:18:25.440 | |
In addition, the castration threat of circumcision | |
00:18:25.680 --> 00:18:28.860 | |
generates a very profound loyalty. | |
00:18:28.900 --> 00:18:31.880 | |
And the critical, the critical talk about it, | |
00:18:31.980 --> 00:18:34.600 | |
'What have my parents done to me?' | |
00:18:34.840 --> 00:18:37.960 | |
is so difficult to ask for exactly these reasons. | |
00:18:37.960 --> 00:18:42.360 | |
And this results in strong feelings of shame. | |
00:18:42.560 --> 00:18:45.473 | |
Children are very loyal | |
00:18:45.473 --> 00:18:47.620 | |
and often remain loyal even if their parents do bad. | |
00:18:48.120 --> 00:18:53.220 | |
And it creates a strong patriarchally based loyalty. | |
00:18:53.720 --> 00:18:56.240 | |
And that along with the male role model | |
00:18:56.300 --> 00:19:02.880 | |
makes it so very hard to talk about | |
the suffering related to circumcision. | |
00:19:03.340 --> 00:19:09.300 | |
Also if you experience sexual problems as an adult | |
00:19:09.480 --> 00:19:12.220 | |
caused by the desensitization of the glans, | |
00:19:12.400 --> 00:19:16.500 | |
so to talk openly about it | |
of course, will be even more difficult. | |
00:19:16.940 --> 00:19:19.621 | |
And of course many men are ashamed by that. | |
00:19:19.621 --> 00:19:24.680 | |
And a possible reaction to that | |
is what you often hear from men | |
00:19:24.860 --> 00:19:31.340 | |
who boldly state that their sexuality is in no way | |
00:19:31.560 --> 00:19:36.380 | |
impaired by circumcision, on the contrary, yes. | |
00:19:36.960 --> 00:19:41.240 | |
As a doctor, I obviously talk more | |
00:19:41.240 --> 00:19:43.680 | |
to those patients that suffer from it. | |
00:19:43.680 --> 00:19:47.400 | |
and which are significantly impaired | |
00:19:47.620 --> 00:19:50.460 | |
and that is part of my professional reality. | |
00:19:50.460 --> 00:19:54.560 | |
Of course, there are also men | |
00:19:54.720 --> 00:19:59.060 | |
who have no or little problems with their circumcision. | |
00:19:59.220 --> 00:20:02.120 | |
Proven, however, is that over time | |
00:20:02.220 --> 00:20:06.520 | |
the unprotected glans, | |
the glans that is not protected by the foreskin, | |
00:20:06.660 --> 00:20:09.760 | |
gradually loses sensitivity. | |
00:20:09.760 --> 00:20:14.460 | |
This is a process of years and can extend for decades. | |
00:20:14.660 --> 00:20:20.820 | |
And interestingly enough, if you ask the partners.. | |
00:20:21.100 --> 00:20:26.560 | |
And I think women should be | |
more involved in this issue, | |
00:20:26.800 --> 00:20:31.180 | |
as mothers as well as sexual partners. | |
00:20:31.360 --> 00:20:34.549 | |
If you ask the partners of circumcised men, | |
00:20:34.549 --> 00:20:36.940 | |
there are corresponding empirical studies, | |
00:20:37.080 --> 00:20:41.580 | |
then not only do men report, the circumcised men, | |
00:20:41.740 --> 00:20:47.240 | |
three times more often about | |
orgasm and sensitivity disorders during sex. | |
00:20:47.400 --> 00:20:49.740 | |
but also their partner. | |
00:20:50.120 --> 00:20:54.640 | |
Hence circumcision, ritual forced circumcision, | |
00:20:54.640 --> 00:20:59.940 | |
of little boys who do not fight back | |
because they are so weak, | |
00:21:01.040 --> 00:21:06.220 | |
is not just a question that should interest men, | |
00:21:06.560 --> 00:21:09.560 | |
but I also think women should be involved here. | |
00:21:09.900 --> 00:21:15.900 | |
They too can benefit from | |
questioning patriarchal rituals. | |
00:21:16.120 --> 00:21:19.060 | |
They can benefit as mothers | |
00:21:19.060 --> 00:21:22.620 | |
and they can also benefit from it as sexual partners. | |
00:21:23.440 --> 00:21:29.160 | |
I mean we live in a secular democracy, should the state | |
00:21:29.380 --> 00:21:35.120 | |
given these obvious legal and medical arguments. | |
00:21:35.280 --> 00:21:38.620 | |
After all, there are more and | |
more experts who speak out. | |
00:21:38.860 --> 00:21:43.100 | |
Isn't it about time for an intervention? | |
00:21:43.280 --> 00:21:46.940 | |
And why does not that happen, or so hesitantly? | |
00:21:47.620 --> 00:21:55.280 | |
There is no reason, no medical reason | |
and no rational reason | |
00:21:55.460 --> 00:22:00.420 | |
to cut off a healthy foreskin from a healthy boy. | |
00:22:00.520 --> 00:22:03.300 | |
It is a matter of a serious bodily injury | |
00:22:03.500 --> 00:22:08.100 | |
with possible sexual, physical | |
and mental long-term consequences | |
00:22:08.180 --> 00:22:10.920 | |
partly of a very grievous nature. | |
00:22:10.920 --> 00:22:18.440 | |
I've met men that have been suicidal | |
due to the consequences of their circumcision. | |
00:22:18.640 --> 00:22:22.020 | |
And therefore your question is of course justified. | |
00:22:22.240 --> 00:22:29.380 | |
And that's why we need a public | |
that's interested and looks into it. | |
00:22:29.540 --> 00:22:31.000 | |
How are the little children? | |
00:22:31.000 --> 00:22:33.880 | |
What happens to the little boys and girls? | |
00:22:34.060 --> 00:22:35.980 | |
And how does that affect them? | |
00:22:36.200 --> 00:22:38.200 | |
And how does it hurt them? | |
00:22:38.400 --> 00:22:40.720 | |
And what does it mean in the long run? | |
00:22:41.040 --> 00:22:52.840 | |
Subtitles by Simon ten Kate | |
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