Assembly output of the detailed rust files using godbolt rust 1.73

no_pow.asm

# Compilation provided by Compiler Explorer at https://godbolt.org/
example::no_pow:
        push    rax
        mov     eax, edi
        sub     eax, 1
        mov     dword ptr [rsp + 4], eax
        cmp     edi, 1
        setb    al
        test    al, 1
        jne     .LBB0_2
        mov     eax, dword ptr [rsp + 4]
        cmp     eax, 32
        setb    al
        test    al, 1
        jne     .LBB0_3
        jmp     .LBB0_4
.LBB0_2:
        lea     rdi, [rip + str.0]
        lea     rdx, [rip + .L__unnamed_1]
        mov     rax, qword ptr [rip + core::panicking::panic@GOTPCREL]
        mov     esi, 33
        call    rax
        ud2
.LBB0_3:
        mov     ecx, dword ptr [rsp + 4]
        and     ecx, 31
        mov     eax, 2
        shl     eax, cl
        pop     rcx
        ret
.LBB0_4:
        lea     rdi, [rip + str.1]
        lea     rdx, [rip + .L__unnamed_2]
        mov     rax, qword ptr [rip + core::panicking::panic@GOTPCREL]
        mov     esi, 35
        call    rax
        ud2

.L__unnamed_3:
        .ascii  "/app/example.rs"

.L__unnamed_1:
        .quad   .L__unnamed_3
        .asciz  "\017\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\002\000\000\000\n\000\000"

str.0:
        .ascii  "attempt to subtract with overflow"

.L__unnamed_2:
        .quad   .L__unnamed_3
        .asciz  "\017\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\002\000\000\000\005\000\000"

str.1:
        .ascii  "attempt to shift left with overflow"

no_pow.rs

pub fn no_pow(x: u32) -> u32 {
    2 << (x - 1)
}

pow.asm

# Compilation provided by Compiler Explorer at https://godbolt.org/
example::pow:
        push    rax
        mov     esi, edi
        mov     edi, 2
        call    core::num::<impl u32>::pow
        pop     rcx
        ret

.L__unnamed_2:
        .ascii  "/rustc/cc66ad468955717ab92600c770da8c1601a4ff33/library/core/src/num/mod.rs"

.L__unnamed_1:
        .quad   .L__unnamed_2
        .asciz  "K\000\000\000\000\000\000\000w\004\000\000\005\000\000"

str.0:
        .ascii  "attempt to multiply with overflow"

pow.rs

pub fn pow(x: u32) -> u32 {
    2u32.pow(x)
}