A class to insert content between two tags in a file (draft)

fileinsert.py

#  
#  Copyright 2013 Cilyan Olowen <[email protected]>
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import random
import os
import os.path
import sys

class FileInsert:
    """
        File-like interface that writes its content between two tags inside a 
        template file. This works by copying the content of input to output
        until the start tag is met. Then the specific data is written. When the
        :py:func:`~FileInsert.close` function is called, the end tag is searched
        and from there, the rest of the file is copied to the output.
        
        .. sourcecode: python
            
            fout = FileInsert.open(template_path, result_path)
            fout.write(some_data)
            fout.close()
        
        You need to call :py:func:`~FileInsert.close`, or the content of the
        file after the end tag will not be copied to the output.
        
        The object is also a context manager. If ``outputfile`` is ``None`` or
        not specified, the input file is overwritten. The class tries its best
        not to lose any data. The inputfile will be overwritten only at the very
        end when calling the :py:func:`~FileInsert.close` function or when
        exiting a ``with`` clause.
        
        .. sourcecode: python
            
            with FileInsert.open(input_file_path) as fout:
                fout.write(some_data)
    """
    starttag = "/* <-- SPECIALTAG START --> */"
    endtag   = "/* <-- SPECIALTAG END --> */"
    def __init__(self, inputfile, outputfile=None, encoding="utf-8"):
        self.inputfile = inputfile
        # If output is the same as input, prepare a temporary file
        if outputfile is None or self._samefile(inputfile, outputfile):
            randsuffix = "".join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters, 8))
            self.outputfile = inputfile + "." + randsuffix
            self.in_is_out = True
        else:
            self.outputfile = outputfile
            self.in_is_out = False
        self.encoding = encoding
        self.in_block = False
        self._openfiles()
    
    def _openfiles(self):
        # Open the two files
        self._fin = open(self.inputfile, "r", encoding=self.encoding)
        try:
            self._fout = open(self.outputfile, "w", encoding=self.encoding)
        except IOError as e:
            self._fin.close()
            raise
    
    def _samefile(self, src, dst):
        # Internal function to decide whether two paths point to the same
        # file. Taken from shutil.
        # Macintosh, Unix.
        if hasattr(os.path, 'samefile'):
            try:
                return os.path.samefile(src, dst)
            except OSError:
                return False
        # All other platforms: check for same pathname.
        return (os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(src)) ==
                os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(dst)))
    
    def _writebegining(self):
        # Internal function that copy all the content of input file to output
        # file until the start tag
        for line in self._fin:
            # Keep the tag in the result file, that's why the check is later
            self._fout.write(line)
            if line.strip() == self.starttag:
                break
        else:
            self._close(True)
            raise SyntaxError("Start markup tag not found in input file")
        self.in_block = True
    
    def _close(self, error=False):
        # Internal function to close the files in the cleanest manner possible
        if self._fin is not None:
            self._fin.close()
            self._fin = None
        if self._fout is not None:
            self._fout.close()
            self._fout = None
        if error and self.in_is_out:
            os.unlink(self.outputfile)
    
    def __moveouttoin(self):
        # Internal function that moves the temporary output file to replace the
        # input file. Only versions older than 3.3, the rename function fails
        # on Windows if the destination already exists (and it does exist).
        if sys.hexversion >= 0x03030000:
            os.replace(self.outputfile, self.inputfile)
        else:
            if not sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
                os.rename(self.outputfile, self.inputfile)
            else:
                # Push the input file to a temporary location
                randsuffix = "".join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters, 8))
                newinputfile = self.inputfile + "." + randsuffix
                os.rename(self.inputfile, newinputfile)
                # Try to push the output to the input file
                try:
                    os.rename(self.outputfile, self.inputfile)
                except OSError:
                    # If it failed, try at least to replace the input file where
                    # it was.
                    os.rename(newinputfile, self.inputfile)
                    raise
                # Finally remove the old input file
                os.unlink(newinputfile)
    
    def close(self):
        """
            End insertion of data and close the different file handles.
            
            This is the step where data placed after the end tag is copied to
            the output.
        """
        if self.in_block:
            # Find the end tag, ignoring the content in-between
            for line in self._fin:
                if line.strip() == self.endtag:
                    # Keep the tag in the result file
                    self._fout.write(line)
                    break
            else:
                self._close(True)
                raise SyntaxError("End markup tag not found in input file")
            self.in_block = False
        # Copy the content after the end block
        for line in self._fin:
            self._fout.write(line)
        # Close the file handles
        self._close()
        # If necessary, move the output to the input
        if self.in_is_out:
            self.__moveouttoin()
    
    @classmethod
    def open(cls, inputfile, outputfile=None, encoding="utf-8"):
        """
            Creates a new :py:class:`FileInsert` object
        """
        return cls(inputfile, outputfile, encoding)
    
    def __enter__(self):
        # Enter context manager. Prepare the file.
        self._writebegining()
        return self
    
    def write(self, data):
        """
            Write data to output file between the two tags
        """
        # Verify that the first step has been done
        if not self.in_block:
            self._writebegining()
        self._fout.write(data)
    
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        # Exit context manager. Close the file handles.
        self.close()