Bellatrix Lugosi Cvar1984

Command Execution

exec           - Returns last line of commands output
passthru       - Passes commands output directly to the browser
system         - Passes commands output directly to the browser and returns last line
shell_exec     - Returns commands output
\`\` (backticks) - Same as shell_exec()
popen          - Opens read or write pipe to process of a command
proc_open      - Similar to popen() but greater degree of control
pcntl_exec - Executes a program

Problem

You have installed GPG, then tried to commit and suddenly you see this error message after it:

error: gpg failed to sign the data
fatal: failed to write commit object

Debug

	/**
	* async multi threading with c++
	* flag : -pthread -std=c++0x
	*/

	#include <iostream> // std::cout
	#include <unistd.h> // sleep();
	#include <future> // std::async

	class MyClass {