Caesar shift in JavaScript

gistfile1.js

/*

JavaScript Caesar shift
by Evan Hahn (evanhahn.com)

"Encrypt" like this:

    caesarShift('Attack at dawn!', 12);    // Returns "Mffmow mf pmiz!"

And "decrypt" like this:

    caesarShift('Mffmow mf pmiz!', -12);    // Returns "Attack at dawn!"

For simplicity, only works with ASCII characters.

* * * * * * * * * * * *

This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.

Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute
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*/

var caesarShift = function (str, amount) {
  // Wrap the amount
  if (amount < 0) {
    return caesarShift(str, amount + 26);
  }

  // Make an output variable
  var output = "";

  // Go through each character
  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    // Get the character we'll be appending
    var c = str[i];

    // If it's a letter...
    if (c.match(/[a-z]/i)) {
      // Get its code
      var code = str.charCodeAt(i);

      // Uppercase letters
      if (code >= 65 && code <= 90) {
        c = String.fromCharCode(((code - 65 + amount) % 26) + 65);
      }

      // Lowercase letters
      else if (code >= 97 && code <= 122) {
        c = String.fromCharCode(((code - 97 + amount) % 26) + 97);
      }
    }

    // Append
    output += c;
  }

  // All done!
  return output;
};

Thanks man You save me

Or in ES:

const caesar = (text, shift) => {
  return String.fromCharCode(
    ...text.split('').map(char => ((char.charCodeAt() - 97 + shift) % 26) + 97),
  );
};

I did not understood this expression
"((code - 65 + amount) % 26) + 65)" on line no 76 can you help me out.
thanks for giving me time .

There is only 26 characters in ascii, if you don't mod encrypt string by 26, encyrpted string will fall outside ascii range. for example ç => % or z = İ etc.
If you mod it by 26, encrypted string will be only ascii too, so it is guarentied it'll be human-readable. If you don't care about human readability of encrypted string, you may take it as optional.

const caesar = (text, shift) => {
  return String.fromCharCode(
    ...text.split('').map(char => (char.charCodeAt() + shift)),
  );
};

Btw, 65 and 95 is for ascii range of lowercase and uppercase characters.

@alimertcakar Good point. I've added a comment mentioning that this is ASCII-only.

I understand all of this, but why should i divide by 26? I considered manually, some garbage comes out.

I understand all of this, but why should i divide by 26? I considered manually, some garbage comes out.

I also don't understand this part

I wrote this a long time ago and don't have time to help debug this, sadly.

const caesar = (text, shift) => {
  return String.fromCharCode(
    ...text.split('').map(char => ((char.charCodeAt() - 65 + shift) % 26) + 65),
  );
};

caesar("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", 13) // NOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM

2020 Typescript Version:

// Caesar Cipher
const caesarCipher = (string: string, shift: number) => {
  // Alphabet
  const alphabet: string = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';

  // Encoded Text
  let encodedText: string = '';

  // Adjust Shift (Over 26 Characters)
  if (shift > 26) {
    // Assign Remainder As Shift
    shift = shift % 26;
  }

  // Iterate Over Data
  let i: number = 0;
  while (i < string.length) {
    // Valid Alphabet Characters
    if (alphabet.indexOf(string[i]) !== -1) {
      // Find Alphabet Index
      const alphabetIndex: number = alphabet.indexOf((string[i]).toUpperCase());

      // Alphabet Index Is In Alphabet Range
      if (alphabet[alphabetIndex + shift]) {
        // Append To String
        encodedText += alphabet[alphabetIndex + shift];
      }
      // Alphabet Index Out Of Range (Adjust Alphabet By 26 Characters)
      else {
        // Append To String
        encodedText += alphabet[alphabetIndex + shift - 26];
      }
    }
    // Special Characters
    else {
      // Append To String
      encodedText += string[i];

    }

    // Increase I
    i++;
  }

  return encodedText;
};

Example #1:

console.log(caesarCipher('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 2));

CDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAB

Example #2:

console.log(caesarCipher('GUR DHVPX OEBJA QBT WHZCRQ BIRE GUR YNML SBK.', 26 + 13));

THE QUICK BROWN DOG JUMPED OVER THE LAZY FOX.

Thank you! I've been struggling a lot with this exercise. Your code is wonderfully clean and instructive, I managed to get mine working thanks to you!

1 line Caesar Cypher in ES6 using inbuilt Array.prototype.replace()
Console.log at every turn to understand the inner mechanism. Happy coding!

@mosemet, your solution works only with min characters, a more complete solution :

function shift(letter, k, code) {
    return String.fromCharCode(((letter.charCodeAt() - code + k) % 26) + code);
}

function caesarCipher(s, k) {
    return s.replace(/[a-z]/g, char => shift(char, k, 97)).replace(/[A-Z]/g, char => shift(char, k, 65));
}

-------------------------- OR --------------------------

function isCharacterAMinLetter(char) {
  return (/[a-z]/).test(char)
}

function isCharacterAMajLetter(char) {
  return (/[A-Z]/).test(char)
}

function shift(letter, k, code) {
   return String.fromCharCode(((letter.charCodeAt() - code + k) % 26) + code);
}

return s.replace(/[A-Za-z]/g, char => {
  // check if min letter
  if (isCharacterAMinLetter(char)) {
      return shift(char, k, 97);
  } 
  // check if maj letter
  else if (isCharacterAMajLetter(char)) {
      return shift(char, k, 65);
  }
});

It's working perfectly. Thanks Evan for the awesome solution!!!

function rotateAlphabet(text, noOfChars = 0){
    const n = noOfChars % text.length;
    return text.slice(n) + text.slice(0, n); 
}

function convertText(string, noOfChars = 0) {
    const alphabetLowercase         = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    const alphabetRotatedLowercase  = rotateAlphabet(alphabetLowercase, noOfChars)
    const alphabetUppercase         = alphabetLowercase.toUpperCase()
    const alphabetRotatedUppercase  = rotateAlphabet(alphabetUppercase, noOfChars)
    let arrayResult                 = []
    let index                       = 0
    
    for (let i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
        // if character is NOT alphanumeric
        if (! /^[a-zA-Z]+$/.test(string[i])) {  
            arrayResult.push(string[i]) 
        } else if (string[i] == string[i].toLowerCase()) {
            // if character is lowercase
            index = (alphabetLowercase.indexOf(string[i]))
            arrayResult.push((alphabetRotatedLowercase[index]))  
        } else if (string[i] == string[i].toUpperCase()) {
            // else if character is uppercase
            index = (alphabetUppercase.indexOf(string[i]))
            arrayResult.push((alphabetRotatedUppercase[index])) 
        }
    }
    return arrayResult.join('')
}

@mosemet, your solution works only with min characters, a more complete solution :

function shift(letter, k, code) {
    return String.fromCharCode(((letter.charCodeAt() - code + k) % 26) + code);
}

function caesarCipher(s, k) {
    return s.replace(/[a-z]/g, char => shift(char, k, 97)).replace(/[A-Z]/g, char => shift(char, k, 65));
}

-------------------------- OR --------------------------

function isCharacterAMinLetter(char) {
  return (/[a-z]/).test(char)
}

function isCharacterAMajLetter(char) {
  return (/[A-Z]/).test(char)
}

function shift(letter, k, code) {
   return String.fromCharCode(((letter.charCodeAt() - code + k) % 26) + code);
}

return s.replace(/[A-Za-z]/g, char => {
  // check if min letter
  if (isCharacterAMinLetter(char)) {
      return shift(char, k, 97);
  } 
  // check if maj letter
  else if (isCharacterAMajLetter(char)) {
      return shift(char, k, 65);
  }
});

not safe to use, z will be decoded to ` instead of a