builder.sh

#!/bin/bash

set -euo pipefail

ISO_ORIG="$HOME/Dev/ISO/debian-12.11.0-amd64-netinst.iso"
ISO_NEW="$HOME/Dev/ISO/debian-12.11.0-amd64-unattended-cloudinit.iso"
PRESEED_FILE="$(pwd)/preseed.cfg"

WORKDIR="$HOME/Dev/ISO/Debian/iso-work"
ISO_MOUNT="$HOME/Dev/ISO/Debian/iso-mount"

REMOTE_USER=""
REMOTE_HOST=""
REMOTE_PATH="/var/lib/vz/template/iso"

# Ensure required packages are installed
ensure_packages_installed() {
  local packages=(gzip cpio rsync xorriso qemu-system-x86)
  local missing=()

  for pkg in "${packages[@]}"; do
    if ! command -v "$pkg" &>/dev/null && ! rpm -q "$pkg" &>/dev/null; then
      missing+=("$pkg")
    fi
  done

  if [ ${#missing[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
    echo "[*] Installing missing packages: ${missing[*]}..."
    if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
      . /etc/os-release
      ID_LIKE=${ID_LIKE:-""}  # Ensure ID_LIKE is defined
      if [[ "$ID" =~ ^(ubuntu|debian)$ || "$ID_LIKE" == *"debian"* ]]; then
        sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y "${missing[@]}"
      elif [[ "$ID" =~ ^(fedora|rhel|centos)$ || "$ID_LIKE" == *"rhel"* ]]; then
        sudo dnf install -y "${missing[@]}"
      elif [[ "$ID" == "arch" || "$ID_LIKE" == *"arch"* ]]; then
        sudo pacman -Sy --noconfirm "${missing[@]}"
      else
        echo "Unsupported OS. Please install: ${missing[*]} manually."
        exit 1
      fi
    else
      echo "Unable to detect OS. Please install: ${missing[*]} manually."
      exit 1
    fi
  else
    echo "[*] All required packages are already installed."
  fi
}

# Call the function at the start of the script
ensure_packages_installed

# Check required files
check_required_files() {
  echo "[*] Checking required files..."
  [[ -f "$ISO_ORIG" ]] || { echo "ERROR: ISO file not found: $ISO_ORIG"; exit 1; }
  [[ -f "$PRESEED_FILE" ]] || { echo "ERROR: Preseed file not found in current directory."; exit 1; }
}
check_required_files

# Clean up old work directories and ISO
cleanup_old_files() {
  echo "[*] Cleaning up old work dirs and ISO..."
  sudo rm -rf "$WORKDIR" "$ISO_MOUNT" "$ISO_NEW"
  mkdir -p "$WORKDIR" "$ISO_MOUNT"
}
cleanup_old_files

# Cleanup function for unmounting and stopping VM
cleanup() {
  if mountpoint -q "$ISO_MOUNT"; then
    echo "[*] Unmounting ISO..."
    sudo umount "$ISO_MOUNT"
  fi
  if pgrep -f "debian12" > /dev/null; then
    echo "[*] Stopping KVM VM 'debian12'..."
    pkill -f "debian12"
    sleep 2
  fi
  if [ -f "$WORKDIR/debian12.qcow2" ]; then
    echo "[*] Removing virtual drive: $WORKDIR/debian12.qcow2..."
    rm -f "$WORKDIR/debian12.qcow2"
  fi
}
trap cleanup EXIT

# Mount original ISO
mount_iso() {
  echo "[*] Mounting original ISO..."
  sudo mount -o loop "$ISO_ORIG" "$ISO_MOUNT"
}
mount_iso

# Copy ISO contents
copy_iso_contents() {
  echo "[*] Copying ISO contents..."
  rsync -a -H --no-owner --no-group --exclude=TRANS.TBL \
    --chmod=Du=rwx,Dgo=rx,Fu=rw,Fgo=r \
    "$ISO_MOUNT/" "$WORKDIR/"
  sudo umount "$ISO_MOUNT"
}
copy_iso_contents

# Embed preseed.cfg inside initrd.gz
embed_preseed() {
  echo "[*] Embedding preseed.cfg inside initrd.gz..."
  mkdir -p /tmp/initrd-extract
  cd /tmp/initrd-extract
  gzip -dc "$WORKDIR/install.amd/initrd.gz" | \
    cpio --quiet --extract --make-directories --no-absolute-filenames --no-preserve-owner 2>/dev/null || true
  cp "$PRESEED_FILE" ./preseed.cfg
  (find . | cpio --quiet --create --format='newc' | gzip -9 > "$WORKDIR/install.amd/initrd.gz") || true
  cd -
  rm -rf /tmp/initrd-extract
}
embed_preseed

# Copy scripts to ISO work directory
copy_scripts() {
  echo "[*] Copying scripts to the ISO work directory for preseed usage..."
  SCRIPTS_DIR="$(pwd)/scripts"
  if [ -d "$SCRIPTS_DIR" ]; then
    cp -r "$SCRIPTS_DIR" "$WORKDIR/media"
  else
    echo "[!] Scripts directory not found: $SCRIPTS_DIR"
    exit 1
  fi
}
copy_scripts

# Add boot entry and set default
configure_boot_menu() {
  echo "[*] Adding 'Automated Install' boot entry to txt.cfg..."
  cat <<EOF >> "$WORKDIR/isolinux/txt.cfg"

label auto
  menu label ^Automated Install
  kernel /install.amd/vmlinuz
  append vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz auto priority=critical preseed/file=/preseed.cfg --- quiet
EOF

  echo "[*] Setting 'auto' as default boot option in isolinux.cfg..."
  sed -i 's/^default .*/default auto/' "$WORKDIR/isolinux/isolinux.cfg"
}
configure_boot_menu

# Fix MD5 checksums
fix_checksums() {
  echo "[*] Fixing MD5 checksums..."
  pushd "$WORKDIR" > /dev/null
  md5sum $(find -type f) > md5sum.txt
  popd > /dev/null
}
fix_checksums

# Build new ISO using xorriso
build_iso() {
  echo "[*] Building new ISO..."
  xorriso -as mkisofs \
    -o "$ISO_NEW" \
    -r -J -joliet-long \
    -V "Debian 12.11.0 amd64 n" \
    -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
    -c isolinux/boot.cat \
    -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
    -eltorito-alt-boot \
    -e boot/grub/efi.img \
    -no-emul-boot \
    "$WORKDIR"
}
build_iso

# Create virtual drive only when running KVM test
create_virtual_drive() {
  echo "[*] Creating a 20 GB virtual drive for Debian installation..."
  DRIVE_FILE="$WORKDIR/debian12.qcow2"
  if [ ! -f "$DRIVE_FILE" ]; then
    qemu-img create -f qcow2 "$DRIVE_FILE" 20G
  else
    echo "[*] Virtual drive already exists: $DRIVE_FILE"
  fi
}

# Start KVM test boot
start_kvm_test() {
  echo "[*] Starting KVM test boot (debian12)..."
  create_virtual_drive
  qemu-system-x86_64 \
    -name debian12 \
    -m 2048 \
    -smp 2 \
    -cdrom "$ISO_NEW" \
    -boot d \
    -drive file="$WORKDIR/debian12.qcow2",format=qcow2 \
    -netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
    -device e1000,netdev=net0 \
    -display gtk \
    -enable-kvm
}

# Parse command-line arguments
RUN_KVM_TEST=false
UPLOAD_TO_PROXMOX=false
for arg in "$@"; do
  case $arg in
    --run)
      RUN_KVM_TEST=true
      shift
      ;;
    --upload)
      UPLOAD_TO_PROXMOX=true
      shift
      ;;
    *)
      echo "[!] Unknown argument: $arg"
      exit 1
      ;;
  esac
done

# Start KVM test boot if --run is provided
if [ "$RUN_KVM_TEST" = true ]; then
  start_kvm_test
fi

# Upload to Proxmox if --upload is provided
if [ "$UPLOAD_TO_PROXMOX" = true ]; then
  upload_to_proxmox
fi

echo "[+] ISO creation and setup completed."

preceed.cfg

# Locale
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.UTF-8
d-i debian-installer/language string en
d-i debian-installer/country string NL
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8
d-i time/zone string Europe/Amsterdam

# Keyboard
d-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean false
d-i keyboard-configuration/modelcode string pc105
d-i keyboard-configuration/layoutcode string us
d-i keyboard-configuration/variantcode string
d-i keyboard-configuration/unsupported_layout boolean true
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us

# Network
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string debian
d-i netcfg/get_domain string local

# Mirror
d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string deb.debian.org
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string

# Root
d-i passwd/root-password password changeme
d-i passwd/root-password-again password changeme
d-i passwd/make-user boolean false

# Partitioning
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string custom :: \
  1000 10000 100000000 ext4 \
    $primary{ } $bootable{ } \
    method{ format } format{ } \
    use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
    mountpoint{ / } \
  . \
  500 10000 100000000 linux-swap \
    method{ swap } format{ } \
  .

# Use GPT partitioning scheme
d-i partman-partitioning/default_label string gpt

# Automatically confirm partitioning
d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true

# Automatically finish partitioning
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/finish_partitioning boolean true
d-i partman/commit boolean true

# Package Selection
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, ssh-server
d-i pkgsel/include string sudo curl git cloud-init
popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false

# Skip media scanning dialog
d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
d-i apt-setup/disable-cdrom-entries boolean true

# GRUB Bootloader
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true

# Automatically install GRUB on the primary drive
d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/sda

# Reboot After Install
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false

# Debug Preseed Loading Confirmation
d-i preseed/early_command string echo '>>> Preseed loaded successfully' > /dev/console

# Late Command
d-i preseed/late_command string \
  in-target systemctl enable ssh; \
  in-target sed -i 's/preserve_hostname: true/preserve_hostname: false/' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg; \
  in-target cloud-init clean --logs; \
  in-target cp /media/post_boot.sh /root/post_boot.sh; \
  in-target chmod +x /root/post_boot.sh; \
  in-target echo "@reboot root /root/post_boot.sh" >> /etc/crontab