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November 17, 2011 09:48
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| <body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in'> | |
| <div class=Section1> | |
| <h1><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dynamic Expressions | |
| and Queries in LINQ<o:p></o:p></span></h1> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Database applications frequently rely on “Dynamic | |
| SQL”—queries that are constructed at run-time through program logic. The LINQ | |
| infrastructure supports similar capabilities through dynamic construction of | |
| expression trees using the classes in the <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Expressions</span></span> namespace. Expression | |
| trees are an appropriate abstraction for a variety of scenarios, but for others | |
| a string-based representation may be more convenient. The <a | |
| href="#_Dynamic_Expression_API">Dynamic Expression API</a> extends the core | |
| LINQ API with that capability. The API is located in the <span class=SpellE>Dynamic.cs</span> | |
| source file and provides</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>Dynamic</span> parsing of strings to produce | |
| expression trees (the <a href="#_The_ParseLambda_Methods"><span class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span></a> | |
| and <a href="#_The_Parse_Method">Parse</a> methods),</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span>Dynamic creation of “Data Classes” (the <a | |
| href="#_Dynamic_Class_Creation"><span class=SpellE>CreateClass</span></a> methods), | |
| and</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>Dynamic</span> string-based querying through LINQ | |
| providers (the <a href="#_IQueryable_Extension_Methods">IQueryable extension | |
| methods</a>).</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The Dynamic Expression API relies on a simple <a | |
| href="#_Expression_Language">expression language</a> for formulating | |
| expressions and queries in strings.</p> | |
| <h1><a name="_Dynamic_Expression_API"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: | |
| "Times New Roman"'>Dynamic Expression API<o:p></o:p></span></h1> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><a name="_The_ParseLambda_Methods"></a>The Dynamic | |
| Expression API is brought into scope by using (importing) the <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic</span></span> | |
| namespace. Below is an example of applying the Dynamic Expression API to a LINQ | |
| to SQL data source.</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>var</span></span></span> | |
| query =<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE>db.Customers</span>.<br> | |
| <span class=GramE>Where(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"City | |
| = @0 and <span class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= @1"</span>, <span | |
| style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span>, 10).<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>OrderBy</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>CompanyName</span>"</span>).<br> | |
| <span class=GramE>Select(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"new(<span | |
| class=SpellE>CompanyName</span> as Name, Phone)"</span>);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Note that expressions in the query are strings that could | |
| have been dynamically constructed at run-time.</p> | |
| <h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The <span | |
| class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span> Methods<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicExpression</span></span> | |
| class defines the following overloaded <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span> methods for dynamically parsing | |
| and creating lambda expressions.</p> | |
| <p class=Code><a name=ParseLambda1></a><span class=GramE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span style='color:blue'>static</span> <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> <span | |
| class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span>(<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>[] | |
| parameters, <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>resultType</span>,<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> expression, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><a name=ParseLambda2></a><span class=GramE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span style='color:blue'>static</span> <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> <span | |
| class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span>(<br> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>argumentType</span>, | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>resultType</span>,<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> expression, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><a name=ParseLambda3></a><span class=GramE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span style='color:blue'>static</span> <span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span class=SpellE>TArgument</span>, | |
| <span class=SpellE>TResult</span>>><br> | |
| <span class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span><<span class=SpellE>TArgument</span>, | |
| <span class=SpellE>TResult</span>>(<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> | |
| expression, <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <a href="#ParseLambda1">first</a> <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span> overload parses a lambda | |
| expression with the given <span class=CodeFragment>parameters</span> and <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>expression</span> body and returns an <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span class=SpellE>Func</span><…>></span> | |
| instance representing the result. If the <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>resultType</span></span> parameter is non-null it specifies | |
| the required result type for the expression. The <span class=CodeFragment>values</span> | |
| parameter supplies zero or more <a href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution | |
| values</a> that may be referenced in the expression.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><a name=LambdaExample1></a>The example</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span> | |
| x = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Parameter</span>(<span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>int</span></span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"x"</span>);<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span> | |
| y = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Parameter</span>(<span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>int</span></span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"y"</span>);<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> e | |
| = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span>(<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>[] { x, y }, <span | |
| style='color:blue'>null</span>, <span style='color:#A31515'>"(x + y) * | |
| 2"</span>);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>creates</span> and assigns an <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span class=SpellE>Func</span><<span | |
| class=SpellE>int</span>, <span class=SpellE>int</span>, <span class=SpellE>int</span>>></span> | |
| instance to <span class=CodeFragment>e</span> representing the expression <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>(x</span> <span class=CodeFragment>+</span> <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>y)</span> <span class=CodeFragment>*</span> <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>2</span>. If a required result type is specified, as in</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> | |
| e = <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>[] { x, y }, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span | |
| style='color:blue'>double</span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"(x + y) * | |
| 2"</span>);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>the</span> parsing operation will include | |
| an <a href="#_Conversions">implicit conversion</a> to the given result type, in | |
| this case yielding an <span class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span | |
| class=SpellE>Func</span><<span class=SpellE>int</span>, <span class=SpellE>int</span>, | |
| double>></span> instance.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <a href="#ParseLambda2">second</a> <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span> overload parses a lambda | |
| expression with a single unnamed parameter of a specified <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>argumentType</span></span>. This method corresponds to | |
| calling the first <span class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span> overload with a <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>parameters</span> argument containing a single <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>ParameterExpression</span></span> with an | |
| empty or null <span class=CodeFragment>Name</span> property.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>When parsing a lambda expression with a single unnamed | |
| parameter, the members of the unnamed parameter are automatically in scope in | |
| the expression string, and the <a href="#_Current_Instance">current instance</a> | |
| given by the unnamed parameter can be referenced in whole using the keyword <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>it</span>. The example</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> | |
| e = <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>), <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>),<br> | |
| <span style='color:#A31515'>"City = @0 and <span | |
| class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= @1"</span>,<br> | |
| <span style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span>, 10);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>creates</span> and assigns an <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span class=SpellE>Func</span><Customer, <span | |
| class=SpellE>bool</span>>></span> instance to <span class=CodeFragment>e</span>. | |
| Note that <span class=CodeFragment>City</span> and <span class=CodeFragment>Orders</span> | |
| are members of <span class=CodeFragment>Customer</span> that are automatically | |
| in scope. Also note the use of <a href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution | |
| values</a> to supply the constant values <span class=CodeFragment>"London"</span> | |
| and <span class=CodeFragment>10</span>.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <a href="#ParseLambda3">third</a> <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span> overload is a <span class=SpellE>genericly</span> | |
| typed version of the second overload. The example below produces the same <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span class=SpellE>Func</span><Customer, <span | |
| class=SpellE>bool</span>>></span> instance as the example above, but is | |
| statically typed to that exact type.</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e =<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span><<span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>bool</span></span><span class=GramE>>(</span><br> | |
| <span style='color:#A31515'>"City | |
| = @0 and <span class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= @1"</span>,<br> | |
| <span style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span>, | |
| 10);</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_The_Parse_Method"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The | |
| Parse Method<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicExpression</span></span> | |
| class defines the following method for parsing and creating expression tree | |
| fragments.</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span> | |
| Parse(<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>resultType</span>, | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> expression,<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The Parse method parses the given <span class=CodeFragment>expression</span> | |
| and returns an expression tree. If the <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>resultType</span></span> parameter is non-null it specifies | |
| the required result type of the expression. The <span class=CodeFragment>values</span> | |
| parameter supplies zero or more <a href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution | |
| values</a> that may be referenced in the expression.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Unlike the <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span> | |
| methods, the <span class=CodeFragment>Parse</span> method returns an “unbound” | |
| expression tree fragment. The following example uses <span class=GramE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Parse</span></span> to produce the same result as a <a | |
| href="#LambdaExample1">previous example</a>:</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span> | |
| x = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Parameter</span>(<span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>int</span></span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"x"</span>);<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span> | |
| y = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Parameter</span>(<span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>int</span></span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"y"</span>);<br> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Dictionary</span><<span style='color:blue'>string</span>, | |
| <span style='color:blue'>object</span>> symbols = <span style='color:blue'>new</span> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Dictionary</span><<span style='color:blue'>string</span>, | |
| <span style='color:blue'>object</span>>();<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE>symbols.Add</span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"x"</span>, | |
| x);<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE>symbols.Add</span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"y"</span>, | |
| y);<br> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span> body = <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.Parse</span>(<span | |
| style='color:blue'>null</span>, <span style='color:#A31515'>"(x + y) * | |
| 2"</span>, symbols);<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> e | |
| = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Lambda</span>(<br> | |
| body, <span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>[] { | |
| x, y });</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Note the use of a <span class=CodeFragment>Dictionary<string, | |
| object></span> to provide a dictionary of named <a | |
| href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution values</a> that can be referenced in | |
| the expression.</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_Substitution_Values"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: | |
| "Times New Roman"'>Substitution Values<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Several methods in the Dynamic Expression API permit <em><span | |
| style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>substitution values</span></em> to | |
| be specified through a parameter array. Substitution values are referenced in | |
| an expression using <a href="#_Identifiers">identifiers</a> of the form <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>@x</span>, where <span class=CodeFragment>x</span> is an | |
| index into the parameter array. The last element of the parameter array may be | |
| an object that implements <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>IDictionary</span></span><span | |
| class=CodeFragment><string, object></span>. If so, this dictionary is | |
| used to map identifiers to substitution values during parsing.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>An identifier that references a substitution value is | |
| processed as follows:</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>If</span> the value is of type <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Expressions.LambdaExpression</span></span>, the | |
| identifier must occur as part of a <a href="#_Dynamic_Expression_Invocation">dynamic | |
| lambda invocation</a>. This allows composition of dynamic lambda expressions.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span>Otherwise, if the value is of type <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Expressions.Expression</span></span>, the given | |
| expression is substituted for the identifier.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span>Otherwise, the <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Expression.Constant</span></span><span | |
| class=CodeFragment> </span>method is used to create a constant expression from | |
| the value which is then substituted for the identifier.</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_Dynamic_Class_Creation"></a><a name="_Dynamic_Data_Classes"></a><span | |
| style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dynamic Data Classes<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>A data class is a class that contains only data members. The | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicExpression</span></span> | |
| class defines the following methods for dynamically creating data classes.</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span | |
| class=SpellE>CreateClass</span>(<span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>[] | |
| properties);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span | |
| class=SpellE>CreateClass</span>(<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>IEnumerable</span></span><<span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>> | |
| properties);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>CreateClass</span></span> | |
| method creates a new data class with a given set of public properties and | |
| returns the <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Type</span></span> | |
| object for the newly created class. If a data class with an identical sequence | |
| of properties has already been created, the <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>System.Type</span></span> object for this class is returned.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Data classes implement private instance variables and | |
| read/write property <span class=SpellE>accessors</span> for the specified | |
| properties. Data classes also override the <span class=CodeFragment>Equals</span> | |
| and <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>GetHashCode</span></span> | |
| members to implement by-value equality.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Data classes are created in an in-memory assembly in the | |
| current application domain. All data classes inherit from <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicClass</span></span> and are given | |
| automatically generated names that should be considered private (the names will | |
| be unique within the application domain but not across multiple invocations of | |
| the application). Note that once created, a data class stays in memory for the | |
| lifetime of the current application domain. There is currently no way to unload | |
| a dynamically created data class.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The dynamic expression parser uses the <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>CreateClass</span></span> methods to generate classes from <a | |
| href="#_Anonymous_Object_Initializer">data object initializers</a>. This | |
| feature in turn is often used with the dynamic <span class=CodeFragment>Select</span> | |
| method to create projections.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The example below uses <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>CreateClass</span></span> to create a data class with two | |
| properties, <span class=CodeFragment>Name</span> and <span class=CodeFragment>Birthday</span>, | |
| and then uses .NET reflection to create an instance of the class and assign | |
| values to the properties.</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>[] | |
| props = <span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>[] {<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"Name"</span>, | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span | |
| style='color:blue'>string</span>)),<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"Birthday"</span>, | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DateTime</span></span>)) };<br> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>type</span> = <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.CreateClass</span>(props);<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>object</span> <span class=SpellE>obj</span> = <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Activator</span>.CreateInstance</span>(type);<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE>t.GetProperty</span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"Name"</span>).<span | |
| class=SpellE>SetValue</span>(<span class=SpellE>obj</span>, <span | |
| style='color:#A31515'>"Albert"</span>, <span style='color:blue'>null</span>);<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE>t.GetProperty</span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"Birthday"</span>).<span | |
| class=SpellE>SetValue</span>(<span class=SpellE>obj</span>, <span | |
| style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DateTime</span></span>(1879, | |
| 3, 14), <span style='color:blue'>null</span>);<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Console</span>.WriteLine</span>(<span | |
| class=SpellE>obj</span>);</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_IQueryable_Extension_Methods"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: | |
| "Times New Roman"'>IQueryable Extension Methods<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicQueryable</span></span> | |
| class implements the following extension methods for dynamically querying | |
| objects that implement the <span class=CodeFragment>IQueryable<T></span> | |
| interface.</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| Where(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| source,<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> predicate, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><T> | |
| Where<T>(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><T> | |
| source,<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> predicate, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| Select(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| source,<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> selector, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> <span | |
| class=SpellE>OrderBy</span>(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> source,<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> ordering, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><T> | |
| <span class=SpellE>OrderBy</span><T>(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><T> source,<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> ordering, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| Take(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| source, <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>int</span></span> count);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| Skip(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| source, <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>int</span></span> count);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> <span | |
| class=SpellE>GroupBy</span>(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> source,<br> | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> <span class=SpellE>keySelector</span>, | |
| <span style='color:blue'>string</span> <span class=SpellE>elementSelector</span>, | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>bool</span></span> | |
| Any(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| source);</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span | |
| style='color:blue'>static</span> <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>int</span></span> | |
| Count(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> | |
| source);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>These methods correspond to their <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Queryable</span></span> counterparts, except | |
| that they operate on <span class=CodeFragment>IQueryable</span> instead of <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>IQueryable<T></span> and use strings instead of lambda | |
| expressions to express predicates, selectors, and orderings. <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>IQueryable</span> is the non-generic base interface for <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>IQueryable<T></span>, so the methods can be used even | |
| when <span class=CodeFragment>T</span> isn’t known on beforehand, i.e. when the | |
| source of a query is dynamically determined. (Note that because a dynamic | |
| predicate or ordering does not affect the result type, generic overloads are | |
| provided for <span class=CodeFragment>Where</span> and <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>OrderBy</span></span> in order to preserve strong typing | |
| when possible.)</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=CodeFragment>predicate</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>selector</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>ordering</span>, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>keySelector</span></span>, and <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>elementSelector</span></span> parameters | |
| are strings containing expressions written in the <a | |
| href="#_Expression_Language">expression language</a>. In the expression | |
| strings, the members of the <a href="#_Current_Instance">current instance</a> | |
| are automatically in scope and the instance itself can be referenced using the | |
| keyword <span class=CodeFragment>it</span>.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>OrderBy</span></span> | |
| method permits a sequence of orderings to be specified, separated by commas. | |
| Each ordering may optionally be followed by <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>asc</span></span> or <span class=CodeFragment>ascending</span> | |
| to indicate ascending <span class=GramE>order,</span> or <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>desc</span></span> or <span class=CodeFragment>descending</span> | |
| to indicate descending order. The default order is ascending. The example</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>products.OrderBy</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>Category.CategoryName</span>, | |
| <span class=SpellE>UnitPrice</span> descending"</span>);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>orders</span> a sequence of products by | |
| ascending category name and, within each category, descending unit price.</p> | |
| <h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The <span | |
| class=SpellE>ParseException</span> Class<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The Dynamic Expression API reports parsing errors using the <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.ParseException</span></span> | |
| class. The <span class=CodeFragment>Position</span> property of the <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>ParseException</span></span> class gives | |
| the character index in the expression string at which the parsing error | |
| occurred.</p> | |
| <h1><a name="_Expression_Language"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: | |
| "Times New Roman"'>Expression Language<o:p></o:p></span></h1> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The expression language implemented by the Dynamic | |
| Expression API provides a simple and convenient way of writing expressions that | |
| can be parsed into LINQ expression trees. The language supports most of the | |
| constructs of expression trees, but it is by no means a complete query or | |
| programming language. In particular, the expression language does not support | |
| statements or declarations.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The expression language is designed to be familiar to C#, | |
| VB, and SQL users. For this reason, some operators are present in multiple | |
| forms, such as <span class=CodeFragment>&&</span> and <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>and</span></span>.</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_Identifiers"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Identifiers<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>An Identifier consists of a letter or underscore followed by | |
| any number of letters, digits, or underscores. In order to reference an | |
| identifier with the same spelling as a keyword, the identifier must be prefixed | |
| with a single @ character. Some examples of identifiers:</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE>x</span> Hello | |
| m_1 @true @String</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Identifiers of the from @x, where x is an integral number | |
| greater than or equal to zero, are used to denote the <a | |
| href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution values</a>, if any, that were passed | |
| to the expression parser. For example:</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Where</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"Country = @0"</span>, | |
| country);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Casing is not significant in identifiers or keywords.</p> | |
| <h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Literals<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The expression language supports integer, real, string, and | |
| character literals.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>An <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>integer | |
| literal</span></em> consists of a sequence of digits. The type of an integer | |
| literal is the first of the types <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, or <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span> that can represent the given value. An integer | |
| literal implicitly converts to any other <a href="#NumericTypes">numeric type</a> | |
| provided the number is in the range of that type. Some examples of integer | |
| literals:</p> | |
| <p class=Code>0 123 10000</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>A <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>real | |
| literal</span></em> consists of an integral part followed by a fractional part | |
| and/or an exponent. The integral part is a sequence of one or more digits. The | |
| fractional part is a decimal point followed by one or more digits. The exponent | |
| is the letter <span class=CodeFragment>e</span> or <span class=CodeFragment>E</span> | |
| followed by an optional <span class=CodeFragment>+</span> or <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>–</span> sign followed by one or more digits. The type of a | |
| real literal is <span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>Double</span></span>. | |
| A real literal implicitly converts to any other <a href="#RealTypes">real type</a> | |
| provided the number is in the range of that type. Some examples of real | |
| literals:</p> | |
| <p class=Code>1.0 2.25 10000.0 | |
| 1e0 1e10 1.2345E-4</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>A <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>string | |
| literal</span></em> consists of zero or more characters enclosed in double | |
| quotes. Inside a string literal, a double quote is written as two consecutive | |
| double quotes. The type of a string literal is <span class=CodeFragment>String</span>. | |
| Some examples of string literals:</p> | |
| <p class=Code>"<span class=GramE>hello</span>" | |
| "" | |
| """quoted""" "'"</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>A <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>character | |
| literal</span></em> consists of a single character enclosed in single quotes. | |
| Inside a character literal, a single quote is written as two consecutive single | |
| quotes. The type of a character literal is <span class=CodeFragment>Char</span>. | |
| Some examples of character literals:</p> | |
| <p class=Code>'A' '1' '''' '"'</p> | |
| <h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Constants<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The predefined constants <span class=CodeFragment>true</span> | |
| and <span class=CodeFragment>false</span> denote the two values of the type <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The predefined constant <span class=CodeFragment>null</span> | |
| denotes a null reference. The <span class=CodeFragment>null</span> constant is | |
| of type <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span>, but is also implicitly | |
| convertible to any reference type.</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_Predefined_types"></a><a name="_Types"></a><span | |
| style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Types<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The expression language defines the following <em><span | |
| style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>primitive types</span></em>:</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=CodeFragment>Object</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Char</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>String</span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>SByte</span></span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Byte</span><br> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Int16</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>UInt16</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span><br> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Decimal Single</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>DateTime</span></span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>TimeSpan</span></span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The primitive types correspond to the similarly named types | |
| in the System namespace of the .NET Framework Base Class Library. The | |
| expression language also defines a set of <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>accessible | |
| types</span></em> consisting of the primitive types and the following types | |
| from the System namespace:</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=CodeFragment>Math</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Convert</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The accessible types are the only types that can be | |
| explicitly referenced in expressions, and method invocations in the expression | |
| language are restricted to methods declared in the accessible types.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>nullable</span></em></span><em><span | |
| style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> form</span></em> of a value type is | |
| referenced by writing <span class=GramE>a <span class=CodeFragment>?</span></span> | |
| <span class=GramE>after</span> the type name. <span class=GramE>For example, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int32?</span></span> <span class=GramE>denotes</span> the <span | |
| class=SpellE>nullable</span> form of <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><a name=IntegralTypes></a>The non-<span class=SpellE>nullable</span> | |
| and <span class=SpellE>nullable</span> forms of the types <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>SByte</span></span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Byte</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int16</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt16</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, and <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span> are | |
| collectively called the <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>integral | |
| types</span></em>. </p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><a name="_Conversions"></a><a name=RealTypes></a>The non-<span | |
| class=SpellE>nullable</span> and <span class=SpellE>nullable</span> forms of | |
| the types <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>, | |
| and <span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span> are collectively called the <em><span | |
| style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>real types</span></em>.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><a name=NumericTypes></a>The integral types and real types | |
| are collectively called the <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>numeric | |
| types</span></em>.</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_Conversions_1"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Conversions<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The following conversions are implicitly performed by the | |
| expression language:</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>From</span> the <span class=SpellE>the</span> <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>null</span> literal to any reference type or <span | |
| class=SpellE>nullable</span> type.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>From</span> an integer literal to an <a | |
| href="#IntegralTypes">integral type</a> or <a href="#RealTypes">real type</a> | |
| provided the number is within the range of that type.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>From</span> a real literal to a <a href="#RealTypes">real | |
| type</a> provided the number is within the range of that type.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>From</span> a string literal to an <span class=SpellE>enum</span> | |
| type provided the string literal contains the name of a member of that <span | |
| class=SpellE>enum</span> type.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>From</span> a source type that is assignment | |
| compatible with the target type according to the <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Type.IsAssignableFrom</span></span> method in .NET.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>From</span> a non-<span class=SpellE>nullable</span> | |
| value type to the <span class=SpellE>nullable</span> form of that value type.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>From</span> a <a href="#NumericTypes">numeric type</a> | |
| to another numeric type with greater range.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The expression language permits explicit conversions using | |
| the syntax <span class=GramE><i>type</i><span class=CodeFragment>(</span></span><span | |
| class=SpellE><i>expr</i></span><span class=CodeFragment>)</span>, where <i>type</i> | |
| is a type name optionally followed by <span class=CodeFragment>?</span> <span | |
| class=GramE>and</span> <span class=SpellE><i>expr</i></span> is an expression. | |
| This syntax may be used to perform the following conversions:</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>Between</span> two types provided <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Type.IsAssignableFrom</span></span> is true in one or both | |
| directions.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>Between</span> two types provided one or both are | |
| interface types.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span><span class=GramE>Between</span> the <span class=SpellE>nullable</span> | |
| and non-<span class=SpellE>nullable</span> forms of any value type.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family: | |
| Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> | |
| </span>Between any two types belonging to the set consisting of <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>SByte</span></span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Byte</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int16</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>UInt16</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Char</span>, any <span class=SpellE>enum</span> type, as | |
| well as the <span class=SpellE>nullable</span> forms of those types.</p> | |
| <h2 style='line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Operators<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The table below shows the operators supported by the | |
| expression language in order of precedence from highest to lowest. Operators in | |
| the same category have equal precedence. In the table, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>x</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>y</span>, and <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>z</span> denote expressions, <span class=CodeFragment>T</span> | |
| denotes a <a href="#_Types">type</a>, and <span class=CodeFragment>m</span> | |
| denotes a member.</p> | |
| <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 | |
| style='margin-left:.25in;border-collapse:collapse;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184; | |
| mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 0in'> | |
| <thead> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> | |
| <td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| background:#D9D9D9;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><b>Category</b></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><b>Expression</b></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><b>Description</b></p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </thead> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> | |
| <td width=103 rowspan=10 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Primary</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>x.m</span></span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Instance field or instance property | |
| access. Any public field or property can be accessed.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>x.m</span></span></span><span | |
| class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Instance <a | |
| href="#_Constructor_and_Method">method invocation</a>. The method must be | |
| public and must be declared in an <a href="#_Predefined_types">accessible | |
| type</a>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>x[</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…]</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Array or indexer access. | |
| Multi-dimensional arrays are not supported.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>T.m</span></span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Static field or static property | |
| access. Any public field or property can be accessed.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>T.m</span></span></span><span | |
| class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Static <a | |
| href="#_Anonymous_Object_Creation">method invocation</a>. The method must be | |
| public and must be declared in an <a href="#_Predefined_types">accessible | |
| type</a>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>T(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><a href="#_Conversions">Explicit | |
| conversion</a> or <a href="#_Anonymous_Object_Creation">constructor | |
| invocation</a>. Note that <span class=CodeFragment>new</span> is not required | |
| in front of a constructor invocation.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>new(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><a href="#_Data_Object_Initializer">Data | |
| object <span class=SpellE>initializer</span></a>. This construct can be used | |
| to perform dynamic projections.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>it</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><a href="#_Current_Instance">Current | |
| instance</a>. In contexts where members of a current object are implicitly in | |
| scope, <span class=CodeFragment>it</span> is used to refer to the entire | |
| object itself.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:9'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>x(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><a | |
| href="#_Dynamic_Expression_Invocation">Dynamic lambda invocation</a>. Used to | |
| reference another dynamic lambda expression.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:10'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>iif</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>(x,</span> <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>y,</span> <span class=CodeFragment>z)</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Conditional expression. Alternate | |
| syntax for <span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>x</span> <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>?</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>y</span> <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>:</span> <span class=CodeFragment>z</span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:11'> | |
| <td width=103 rowspan=2 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Unary</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>-x</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Negation. Supported types are <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, | |
| and <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:12'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>!x</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>not x</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical negation. Operand must be <span | |
| class=GramE>of</span> type <span class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:13'> | |
| <td width=103 rowspan=3 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Multiplicative</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x * y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Multiplication. Supported types are | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, | |
| and <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:14'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x / y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Division. Supported types are <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, | |
| and <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:15'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x % y</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x mod y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Remainder. Supported types are <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, | |
| and <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:16'> | |
| <td width=103 rowspan=3 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Additive</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x + y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Addition or string concatenation. | |
| Performs string concatenation if either operand is of type <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>String</span>. Otherwise, performs addition for the | |
| supported types <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>DateTime</span></span>, and <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>TimeSpan</span></span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:17'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x – y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Subtraction. Supported types are <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span | |
| class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span></span>, <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>, <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>DateTime</span></span>, and <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>TimeSpan</span></span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:18'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x & y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>String concatenation. Operands may | |
| be of any type.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:19'> | |
| <td width=103 rowspan=6 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Relational</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x = y</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x == y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Equal. Supported for reference | |
| types and the <a href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a>. Assignment is | |
| not supported.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:20'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x != y</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x <> | |
| y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Not equal. Supported for reference | |
| types and the <a href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:21'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x < y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Less than. Supported for all <a | |
| href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a> except <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span> and | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:22'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x > y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Greater than. Supported for all <a | |
| href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a> except <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span> and | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:23'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x <= y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Less than or equal. Supported for | |
| all <a href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a> except <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span> and | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:24'> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x >= y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Greater than or equal. Supported | |
| for all <a href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a> except <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span> and | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:25'> | |
| <td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical AND</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x | |
| && y</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x and y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical AND. Operands must be <span | |
| class=GramE>of</span> type <span class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:26'> | |
| <td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical OR</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x || y</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x or y</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical OR. Operands must be <span | |
| class=GramE>of</span> type <span class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:27;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> | |
| <td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Conditional</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>x ?</span></span><span class=CodeFragment> y : z</span></p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: | |
| none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; | |
| padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: | |
| 3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Evaluates <span class=CodeFragment>y</span> | |
| if <span class=CodeFragment>x</span> is true, evaluates <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>z</span> if <span class=CodeFragment>x</span> is false.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <h2><a name="_Anonymous_Object_Creation"></a><a name="_Constructor_and_Method"></a><span | |
| style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Method and Constructor | |
| Invocations<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The expression language limits invocation of methods and | |
| constructors to those declared public in the <a href="#_Predefined_types">accessible | |
| types</a>. This restriction exists to protect against unintended side effects | |
| from invocation of arbitrary methods.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The expression language permits getting (but not setting) | |
| the value of any reachable public field, property, or indexer.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Overload resolution for methods, constructors, and indexers | |
| uses rules similar to C#. In informal terms, overload resolution will pick the | |
| best matching method, constructor, or indexer, or report an ambiguity error if | |
| no single best match can be identified.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>Note that constructor invocations are not prefixed by <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>new</span>. The following example creates a <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>DateTime</span></span> instance for a <span | |
| class=SpellE>specfic</span> year, month, and day using a constructor | |
| invocation:</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>orders.Where</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>OrderDate</span> | |
| >= <span class=SpellE>DateTime</span>(2007, 1, 1)"</span>);</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_Anonymous_Object_Initializer"></a><a | |
| name="_Data_Object_Initializer"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Data | |
| Object Initializers<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>A data object <span class=SpellE>initializer</span> creates | |
| a <a href="#_Dynamic_Data_Classes">data class</a> and returns an instance of | |
| that class. The properties of the data class are inferred from the data object <span | |
| class=SpellE>initializer</span>. Specifically, a data object <span | |
| class=SpellE>initializer</span> of the form</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=GramE>new(</span>e1 as p1, e2 as p2, e3 as p3)</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>creates</span> a data class with three | |
| properties, <span class=CodeFragment>p1</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>p2</span>, | |
| and <span class=CodeFragment>p3</span>, the types of which are inferred from | |
| the expressions <span class=CodeFragment>e1</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>e2</span>, | |
| and <span class=CodeFragment>e3</span>, and returns an instance of that data | |
| class with the properties initialized to the values computed by <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>e1</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>e2</span>, and <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>e3</span>. A property <span class=SpellE>initializer</span> | |
| may omit the <span class=CodeFragment>as</span> keyword and the property name | |
| provided the associated expression is a field or property access. The example</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Select</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"new(<span class=SpellE>CompanyName</span> | |
| as Name, Phone)"</span>);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>creates</span> a data class with two | |
| properties, <span class=CodeFragment>Name</span> and <span class=CodeFragment>Phone</span>, | |
| and returns a sequence of instances of that data class initialized from the <span | |
| class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>CompanyName</span></span> and <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>Phone</span> properties of each customer.</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_Current_Instance"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Current | |
| Instance<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>When parsing a lambda expression with a single unnamed | |
| parameter, the members of the unnamed parameter are automatically in scope in | |
| the expression string, and the <a href="#_Current_Instance"><em><span | |
| style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration: | |
| none;text-underline:none'>current instance</span></em></a> given by the unnamed | |
| parameter can be referenced in whole using the keyword <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>it</span>. For example,</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Where</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"Country = @0"</span>, | |
| country);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>is</span> equivalent to</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Where</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>it.Country</span> | |
| = @0"</span>, country);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The <a href="#_IQueryable_Extension_Methods">IQueryable | |
| extension methods</a> all parse their expression arguments as lambda | |
| expressions with a single unnamed parameter.</p> | |
| <h2><a name="_Dynamic_Expression_Invocation"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: | |
| "Times New Roman"'>Dynamic Lambda Invocation<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>An expression can reference other dynamic lambda expressions | |
| through <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>dynamic lambda | |
| invocations</span></em>. A dynamic lambda invocation consists of a substitution | |
| variable identifier that references an instance of <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Expressions.LambdaExpression</span></span>, | |
| followed by an argument list. The arguments supplied must be compatible with | |
| the parameter list of the given dynamic lambda expression.</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The following parses two separate dynamic lambda expressions | |
| and then combines them in a predicate expression through dynamic lambda | |
| invocations:</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e1 = <br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span><<span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>bool</span></span><span class=GramE>>(</span><span | |
| style='color:#A31515'>"City = \"London\""</span>);<br> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e2 =<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span><<span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"<span | |
| class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= 10"</span>);<br> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>> | |
| query =<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE>db.Customers.Where</span>(<span | |
| style='color:#A31515'>"@0(it) and @1(it)"</span>, e1, e2);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>It is of course possible to combine static and dynamic | |
| lambda expressions in this fashion:</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span | |
| class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e1 =<br> | |
| c => <span class=SpellE>c.City</span> == <span | |
| style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span><span class=GramE>;</span><br> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e2 =<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span><<span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span | |
| style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"<span | |
| class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= 10"</span>);<br> | |
| <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>> | |
| query =<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE>db.Customers.Where</span>(<span | |
| style='color:#A31515'>"@0(it) and @1(it)"</span>, e1, e2);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The examples above both have the same effect as:</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><<span | |
| style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>> query =<br> | |
| <span class=SpellE>db.Customers.Where</span>(c => <span | |
| class=SpellE>c.City</span> == <span style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span> | |
| && <span class=SpellE>c.Orders.Count</span> >= 10)<span class=GramE>;<span | |
| style='display:none;mso-hide:all'>n</span></span><span style='display:none; | |
| mso-hide:all'> a predicate expression c lambda expressions and then combines | |
| them through dynamic lambda invocations</span></p> | |
| <h2><span class=GramE><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; | |
| display:none;mso-hide:all'>combines</span></span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: | |
| "Times New Roman";display:none;mso-hide:all'> two <span class=SpellE>seperately</span> | |
| parsed lambda expressions in a single <span class=SpellE>predicate:e</span> | |
| dynamic lambda expression. <span class=SpellE>System.Linq.Expressions.Lam<span | |
| style='mso-hide:none'>Sequence</span></span></span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: | |
| "Times New Roman"'> operators<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>A subset of the Standard Query Operators is supported for | |
| objects that implement <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>IEnumerable</span></span><span | |
| class=CodeFragment><T></span>. Specifically, the following constructs are | |
| permitted, where <span class=SpellE><i>seq</i></span> is an <span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=CodeFragment>IEnumerable</span></span><span class=CodeFragment><T></span> | |
| instance, <i>predicate</i> is a <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>boolean</span></span> | |
| expression, and <i>selector</i> is an expression of any type:</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span | |
| class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Where</span> | |
| <span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family: | |
| "Calibri","sans-serif"'>predicate</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>.</span> <span class=CodeFragment>Any</span> <span | |
| class=CodeFragment>(</span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span | |
| class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Any</span> | |
| <span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family: | |
| "Calibri","sans-serif"'>predicate</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>.</span> <span class=CodeFragment>All</span> <span | |
| class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family: | |
| "Calibri","sans-serif"'>predicate</span></em></span> )</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span | |
| class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Count</span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span | |
| class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Count</span> | |
| <span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family: | |
| "Calibri","sans-serif"'>predicate</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span | |
| class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Min</span> | |
| <span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family: | |
| "Calibri","sans-serif"'>selector</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>.</span> <span class=CodeFragment>Max</span> <span | |
| class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family: | |
| "Calibri","sans-serif"'>selector</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span | |
| class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span | |
| class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Sum</span> | |
| <span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family: | |
| "Calibri","sans-serif"'>selector</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span> | |
| <span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span> | |
| <span class=CodeFragment>.</span> <span class=CodeFragment>Average</span> <span | |
| class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family: | |
| "Calibri","sans-serif"'>selector</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span></p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>In the <i>predicate</i> and <i>selector</i> expressions, the | |
| members of the <a href="#_Current_Instance">current instance</a> for that | |
| sequence operator are automatically in scope, and the instance itself can be | |
| referenced using the keyword <span class=CodeFragment>it</span>. An example:</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Where</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>Orders.Any</span>(Total | |
| >= 1000)"</span>);</p> | |
| <h2><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Enum</span></span><span | |
| style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> type support<o:p></o:p></span></h2> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal>The expression language supports an <a href="#_Conversions_1">implicit | |
| conversion</a> from a string literal to an <span class=SpellE>enum</span> type | |
| provided the string literal contains the name of a member of that <span | |
| class=SpellE>enum</span> type. For example,</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>orders.Where</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>OrderDate.DayOfWeek</span> | |
| = \"Monday\""</span>);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>is</span> equivalent to</p> | |
| <p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>orders.Where</span></span><span | |
| class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>OrderDate.DayOfWeek</span> | |
| = @0"</span>, <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DayOfWeek</span>.Monday</span>);</p> | |
| <p class=MsoNormal> </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |
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| //Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. | |
| using System; | |
| using System.Collections.Generic; | |
| using System.Text; | |
| using System.Linq; | |
| using System.Linq.Expressions; | |
| using System.Reflection; | |
| using System.Reflection.Emit; | |
| using System.Threading; | |
| namespace System.Linq.Dynamic | |
| { | |
| public static class DynamicQueryable | |
| { | |
| public static IQueryable<T> Where<T>(this IQueryable<T> source, string predicate, params object[] values) { | |
| return (IQueryable<T>)Where((IQueryable)source, predicate, values); | |
| } | |
| public static IQueryable Where(this IQueryable source, string predicate, params object[] values) { | |
| if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); | |
| if (predicate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("predicate"); | |
| LambdaExpression lambda = DynamicExpression.ParseLambda(source.ElementType, typeof(bool), predicate, values); | |
| return source.Provider.CreateQuery( | |
| Expression.Call( | |
| typeof(Queryable), "Where", | |
| new Type[] { source.ElementType }, | |
| source.Expression, Expression.Quote(lambda))); | |
| } | |
| public static IQueryable Select(this IQueryable source, string selector, params object[] values) { | |
| if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); | |
| if (selector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("selector"); | |
| LambdaExpression lambda = DynamicExpression.ParseLambda(source.ElementType, null, selector, values); | |
| return source.Provider.CreateQuery( | |
| Expression.Call( | |
| typeof(Queryable), "Select", | |
| new Type[] { source.ElementType, lambda.Body.Type }, | |
| source.Expression, Expression.Quote(lambda))); | |
| } | |
| public static IQueryable<T> OrderBy<T>(this IQueryable<T> source, string ordering, params object[] values) { | |
| return (IQueryable<T>)OrderBy((IQueryable)source, ordering, values); | |
| } | |
| public static IQueryable OrderBy(this IQueryable source, string ordering, params object[] values) { | |
| if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); | |
| if (ordering == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("ordering"); | |
| ParameterExpression[] parameters = new ParameterExpression[] { | |
| Expression.Parameter(source.ElementType, "") }; | |
| ExpressionParser parser = new ExpressionParser(parameters, ordering, values); | |
| IEnumerable<DynamicOrdering> orderings = parser.ParseOrdering(); | |
| Expression queryExpr = source.Expression; | |
| string methodAsc = "OrderBy"; | |
| string methodDesc = "OrderByDescending"; | |
| foreach (DynamicOrdering o in orderings) { | |
| queryExpr = Expression.Call( | |
| typeof(Queryable), o.Ascending ? methodAsc : methodDesc, | |
| new Type[] { source.ElementType, o.Selector.Type }, | |
| queryExpr, Expression.Quote(Expression.Lambda(o.Selector, parameters))); | |
| methodAsc = "ThenBy"; | |
| methodDesc = "ThenByDescending"; | |
| } | |
| return source.Provider.CreateQuery(queryExpr); | |
| } | |
| public static IQueryable Take(this IQueryable source, int count) { | |
| if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); | |
| return source.Provider.CreateQuery( | |
| Expression.Call( | |
| typeof(Queryable), "Take", | |
| new Type[] { source.ElementType }, | |
| source.Expression, Expression.Constant(count))); | |
| } | |
| public static IQueryable Skip(this IQueryable source, int count) { | |
| if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); | |
| return source.Provider.CreateQuery( | |
| Expression.Call( | |
| typeof(Queryable), "Skip", | |
| new Type[] { source.ElementType }, | |
| source.Expression, Expression.Constant(count))); | |
| } | |
| public static IQueryable GroupBy(this IQueryable source, string keySelector, string elementSelector, params object[] values) { | |
| if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); | |
| if (keySelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("keySelector"); | |
| if (elementSelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("elementSelector"); | |
| LambdaExpression keyLambda = DynamicExpression.ParseLambda(source.ElementType, null, keySelector, values); | |
| LambdaExpression elementLambda = DynamicExpression.ParseLambda(source.ElementType, null, elementSelector, values); | |
| return source.Provider.CreateQuery( | |
| Expression.Call( | |
| typeof(Queryable), "GroupBy", | |
| new Type[] { source.ElementType, keyLambda.Body.Type, elementLambda.Body.Type }, | |
| source.Expression, Expression.Quote(keyLambda), Expression.Quote(elementLambda))); | |
| } | |
| public static bool Any(this IQueryable source) { | |
| if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); | |
| return (bool)source.Provider.Execute( | |
| Expression.Call( | |
| typeof(Queryable), "Any", | |
| new Type[] { source.ElementType }, source.Expression)); | |
| } | |
| public static int Count(this IQueryable source) { | |
| if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); | |
| return (int)source.Provider.Execute( | |
| Expression.Call( | |
| typeof(Queryable), "Count", | |
| new Type[] { source.ElementType }, source.Expression)); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| public abstract class DynamicClass | |
| { | |
| public override string ToString() { | |
| PropertyInfo[] props = this.GetType().GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public); | |
| StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); | |
| sb.Append("{"); | |
| for (int i = 0; i < props.Length; i++) { | |
| if (i > 0) sb.Append(", "); | |
| sb.Append(props[i].Name); | |
| sb.Append("="); | |
| sb.Append(props[i].GetValue(this, null)); | |
| } | |
| sb.Append("}"); | |
| return sb.ToString(); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| public class DynamicProperty | |
| { | |
| string name; | |
| Type type; | |
| public DynamicProperty(string name, Type type) { | |
| if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name"); | |
| if (type == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("type"); | |
| this.name = name; | |
| this.type = type; | |
| } | |
| public string Name { | |
| get { return name; } | |
| } | |
| public Type Type { | |
| get { return type; } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| public static class DynamicExpression | |
| { | |
| public static Expression Parse(Type resultType, string expression, params object[] values) { | |
| ExpressionParser parser = new ExpressionParser(null, expression, values); | |
| return parser.Parse(resultType); | |
| } | |
| public static LambdaExpression ParseLambda(Type itType, Type resultType, string expression, params object[] values) { | |
| return ParseLambda(new ParameterExpression[] { Expression.Parameter(itType, "") }, resultType, expression, values); | |
| } | |
| public static LambdaExpression ParseLambda(ParameterExpression[] parameters, Type resultType, string expression, params object[] values) { | |
| ExpressionParser parser = new ExpressionParser(parameters, expression, values); | |
| return Expression.Lambda(parser.Parse(resultType), parameters); | |
| } | |
| public static Expression<Func<T, S>> ParseLambda<T, S>(string expression, params object[] values) { | |
| return (Expression<Func<T, S>>)ParseLambda(typeof(T), typeof(S), expression, values); | |
| } | |
| public static Type CreateClass(params DynamicProperty[] properties) { | |
| return ClassFactory.Instance.GetDynamicClass(properties); | |
| } | |
| public static Type CreateClass(IEnumerable<DynamicProperty> properties) { | |
| return ClassFactory.Instance.GetDynamicClass(properties); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| internal class DynamicOrdering | |
| { | |
| public Expression Selector; | |
| public bool Ascending; | |
| } | |
| internal class Signature : IEquatable<Signature> | |
| { | |
| public DynamicProperty[] properties; | |
| public int hashCode; | |
| public Signature(IEnumerable<DynamicProperty> properties) { | |
| this.properties = properties.ToArray(); | |
| hashCode = 0; | |
| foreach (DynamicProperty p in properties) { | |
| hashCode ^= p.Name.GetHashCode() ^ p.Type.GetHashCode(); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| public override int GetHashCode() { | |
| return hashCode; | |
| } | |
| public override bool Equals(object obj) { | |
| return obj is Signature ? Equals((Signature)obj) : false; | |
| } | |
| public bool Equals(Signature other) { | |
| if (properties.Length != other.properties.Length) return false; | |
| for (int i = 0; i < properties.Length; i++) { | |
| if (properties[i].Name != other.properties[i].Name || | |
| properties[i].Type != other.properties[i].Type) return false; | |
| } | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| internal class ClassFactory | |
| { | |
| public static readonly ClassFactory Instance = new ClassFactory(); | |
| static ClassFactory() { } // Trigger lazy initialization of static fields | |
| ModuleBuilder module; | |
| Dictionary<Signature, Type> classes; | |
| int classCount; | |
| ReaderWriterLock rwLock; | |
| private ClassFactory() { | |
| AssemblyName name = new AssemblyName("DynamicClasses"); | |
| AssemblyBuilder assembly = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(name, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run); | |
| #if ENABLE_LINQ_PARTIAL_TRUST | |
| new ReflectionPermission(PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert(); | |
| #endif | |
| try { | |
| module = assembly.DefineDynamicModule("Module"); | |
| } | |
| finally { | |
| #if ENABLE_LINQ_PARTIAL_TRUST | |
| PermissionSet.RevertAssert(); | |
| #endif | |
| } | |
| classes = new Dictionary<Signature, Type>(); | |
| rwLock = new ReaderWriterLock(); | |
| } | |
| public Type GetDynamicClass(IEnumerable<DynamicProperty> properties) { | |
| rwLock.AcquireReaderLock(Timeout.Infinite); | |
| try { | |
| Signature signature = new Signature(properties); | |
| Type type; | |
| if (!classes.TryGetValue(signature, out type)) { | |
| type = CreateDynamicClass(signature.properties); | |
| classes.Add(signature, type); | |
| } | |
| return type; | |
| } | |
| finally { | |
| rwLock.ReleaseReaderLock(); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| Type CreateDynamicClass(DynamicProperty[] properties) { | |
| LockCookie cookie = rwLock.UpgradeToWriterLock(Timeout.Infinite); | |
| try { | |
| string typeName = "DynamicClass" + (classCount + 1); | |
| #if ENABLE_LINQ_PARTIAL_TRUST | |
| new ReflectionPermission(PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert(); | |
| #endif | |
| try { | |
| TypeBuilder tb = this.module.DefineType(typeName, TypeAttributes.Class | | |
| TypeAttributes.Public, typeof(DynamicClass)); | |
| FieldInfo[] fields = GenerateProperties(tb, properties); | |
| GenerateEquals(tb, fields); | |
| GenerateGetHashCode(tb, fields); | |
| Type result = tb.CreateType(); | |
| classCount++; | |
| return result; | |
| } | |
| finally { | |
| #if ENABLE_LINQ_PARTIAL_TRUST | |
| PermissionSet.RevertAssert(); | |
| #endif | |
| } | |
| } | |
| finally { | |
| rwLock.DowngradeFromWriterLock(ref cookie); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| FieldInfo[] GenerateProperties(TypeBuilder tb, DynamicProperty[] properties) { | |
| FieldInfo[] fields = new FieldBuilder[properties.Length]; | |
| for (int i = 0; i < properties.Length; i++) { | |
| DynamicProperty dp = properties[i]; | |
| FieldBuilder fb = tb.DefineField("_" + dp.Name, dp.Type, FieldAttributes.Private); | |
| PropertyBuilder pb = tb.DefineProperty(dp.Name, PropertyAttributes.HasDefault, dp.Type, null); | |
| MethodBuilder mbGet = tb.DefineMethod("get_" + dp.Name, | |
| MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, | |
| dp.Type, Type.EmptyTypes); | |
| ILGenerator genGet = mbGet.GetILGenerator(); | |
| genGet.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); | |
| genGet.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fb); | |
| genGet.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); | |
| MethodBuilder mbSet = tb.DefineMethod("set_" + dp.Name, | |
| MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, | |
| null, new Type[] { dp.Type }); | |
| ILGenerator genSet = mbSet.GetILGenerator(); | |
| genSet.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); | |
| genSet.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1); | |
| genSet.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fb); | |
| genSet.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); | |
| pb.SetGetMethod(mbGet); | |
| pb.SetSetMethod(mbSet); | |
| fields[i] = fb; | |
| } | |
| return fields; | |
| } | |
| void GenerateEquals(TypeBuilder tb, FieldInfo[] fields) { | |
| MethodBuilder mb = tb.DefineMethod("Equals", | |
| MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.ReuseSlot | | |
| MethodAttributes.Virtual | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, | |
| typeof(bool), new Type[] { typeof(object) }); | |
| ILGenerator gen = mb.GetILGenerator(); | |
| LocalBuilder other = gen.DeclareLocal(tb); | |
| Label next = gen.DefineLabel(); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Isinst, tb); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, other); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, other); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue_S, next); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); | |
| gen.MarkLabel(next); | |
| foreach (FieldInfo field in fields) { | |
| Type ft = field.FieldType; | |
| Type ct = typeof(EqualityComparer<>).MakeGenericType(ft); | |
| next = gen.DefineLabel(); | |
| gen.EmitCall(OpCodes.Call, ct.GetMethod("get_Default"), null); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, field); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, other); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, field); | |
| gen.EmitCall(OpCodes.Callvirt, ct.GetMethod("Equals", new Type[] { ft, ft }), null); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue_S, next); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); | |
| gen.MarkLabel(next); | |
| } | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); | |
| } | |
| void GenerateGetHashCode(TypeBuilder tb, FieldInfo[] fields) { | |
| MethodBuilder mb = tb.DefineMethod("GetHashCode", | |
| MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.ReuseSlot | | |
| MethodAttributes.Virtual | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, | |
| typeof(int), Type.EmptyTypes); | |
| ILGenerator gen = mb.GetILGenerator(); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0); | |
| foreach (FieldInfo field in fields) { | |
| Type ft = field.FieldType; | |
| Type ct = typeof(EqualityComparer<>).MakeGenericType(ft); | |
| gen.EmitCall(OpCodes.Call, ct.GetMethod("get_Default"), null); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, field); | |
| gen.EmitCall(OpCodes.Callvirt, ct.GetMethod("GetHashCode", new Type[] { ft }), null); | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Xor); | |
| } | |
| gen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| public sealed class ParseException : Exception | |
| { | |
| int position; | |
| public ParseException(string message, int position) | |
| : base(message) { | |
| this.position = position; | |
| } | |
| public int Position { | |
| get { return position; } | |
| } | |
| public override string ToString() { | |
| return string.Format(Res.ParseExceptionFormat, Message, position); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| internal class ExpressionParser | |
| { | |
| struct Token | |
| { | |
| public TokenId id; | |
| public string text; | |
| public int pos; | |
| } | |
| enum TokenId | |
| { | |
| Unknown, | |
| End, | |
| Identifier, | |
| StringLiteral, | |
| IntegerLiteral, | |
| RealLiteral, | |
| Exclamation, | |
| Percent, | |
| Amphersand, | |
| OpenParen, | |
| CloseParen, | |
| Asterisk, | |
| Plus, | |
| Comma, | |
| Minus, | |
| Dot, | |
| Slash, | |
| Colon, | |
| LessThan, | |
| Equal, | |
| GreaterThan, | |
| Question, | |
| OpenBracket, | |
| CloseBracket, | |
| Bar, | |
| ExclamationEqual, | |
| DoubleAmphersand, | |
| LessThanEqual, | |
| LessGreater, | |
| DoubleEqual, | |
| GreaterThanEqual, | |
| DoubleBar | |
| } | |
| interface ILogicalSignatures | |
| { | |
| void F(bool x, bool y); | |
| void F(bool? x, bool? y); | |
| } | |
| interface IArithmeticSignatures | |
| { | |
| void F(int x, int y); | |
| void F(uint x, uint y); | |
| void F(long x, long y); | |
| void F(ulong x, ulong y); | |
| void F(float x, float y); | |
| void F(double x, double y); | |
| void F(decimal x, decimal y); | |
| void F(int? x, int? y); | |
| void F(uint? x, uint? y); | |
| void F(long? x, long? y); | |
| void F(ulong? x, ulong? y); | |
| void F(float? x, float? y); | |
| void F(double? x, double? y); | |
| void F(decimal? x, decimal? y); | |
| } | |
| interface IRelationalSignatures : IArithmeticSignatures | |
| { | |
| void F(string x, string y); | |
| void F(char x, char y); | |
| void F(DateTime x, DateTime y); | |
| void F(TimeSpan x, TimeSpan y); | |
| void F(char? x, char? y); | |
| void F(DateTime? x, DateTime? y); | |
| void F(TimeSpan? x, TimeSpan? y); | |
| } | |
| interface IEqualitySignatures : IRelationalSignatures | |
| { | |
| void F(bool x, bool y); | |
| void F(bool? x, bool? y); | |
| } | |
| interface IAddSignatures : IArithmeticSignatures | |
| { | |
| void F(DateTime x, TimeSpan y); | |
| void F(TimeSpan x, TimeSpan y); | |
| void F(DateTime? x, TimeSpan? y); | |
| void F(TimeSpan? x, TimeSpan? y); | |
| } | |
| interface ISubtractSignatures : IAddSignatures | |
| { | |
| void F(DateTime x, DateTime y); | |
| void F(DateTime? x, DateTime? y); | |
| } | |
| interface INegationSignatures | |
| { | |
| void F(int x); | |
| void F(long x); | |
| void F(float x); | |
| void F(double x); | |
| void F(decimal x); | |
| void F(int? x); | |
| void F(long? x); | |
| void F(float? x); | |
| void F(double? x); | |
| void F(decimal? x); | |
| } | |
| interface INotSignatures | |
| { | |
| void F(bool x); | |
| void F(bool? x); | |
| } | |
| interface IEnumerableSignatures | |
| { | |
| void Where(bool predicate); | |
| void Any(); | |
| void Any(bool predicate); | |
| void All(bool predicate); | |
| void Count(); | |
| void Count(bool predicate); | |
| void Min(object selector); | |
| void Max(object selector); | |
| void Sum(int selector); | |
| void Sum(int? selector); | |
| void Sum(long selector); | |
| void Sum(long? selector); | |
| void Sum(float selector); | |
| void Sum(float? selector); | |
| void Sum(double selector); | |
| void Sum(double? selector); | |
| void Sum(decimal selector); | |
| void Sum(decimal? selector); | |
| void Average(int selector); | |
| void Average(int? selector); | |
| void Average(long selector); | |
| void Average(long? selector); | |
| void Average(float selector); | |
| void Average(float? selector); | |
| void Average(double selector); | |
| void Average(double? selector); | |
| void Average(decimal selector); | |
| void Average(decimal? selector); | |
| } | |
| static readonly Type[] predefinedTypes = { | |
| typeof(Object), | |
| typeof(Boolean), | |
| typeof(Char), | |
| typeof(String), | |
| typeof(SByte), | |
| typeof(Byte), | |
| typeof(Int16), | |
| typeof(UInt16), | |
| typeof(Int32), | |
| typeof(UInt32), | |
| typeof(Int64), | |
| typeof(UInt64), | |
| typeof(Single), | |
| typeof(Double), | |
| typeof(Decimal), | |
| typeof(DateTime), | |
| typeof(TimeSpan), | |
| typeof(Guid), | |
| typeof(Math), | |
| typeof(Convert) | |
| }; | |
| static readonly Expression trueLiteral = Expression.Constant(true); | |
| static readonly Expression falseLiteral = Expression.Constant(false); | |
| static readonly Expression nullLiteral = Expression.Constant(null); | |
| static readonly string keywordIt = "it"; | |
| static readonly string keywordIif = "iif"; | |
| static readonly string keywordNew = "new"; | |
| static Dictionary<string, object> keywords; | |
| Dictionary<string, object> symbols; | |
| IDictionary<string, object> externals; | |
| Dictionary<Expression, string> literals; | |
| ParameterExpression it; | |
| string text; | |
| int textPos; | |
| int textLen; | |
| char ch; | |
| Token token; | |
| public ExpressionParser(ParameterExpression[] parameters, string expression, object[] values) { | |
| if (expression == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("expression"); | |
| if (keywords == null) keywords = CreateKeywords(); | |
| symbols = new Dictionary<string, object>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); | |
| literals = new Dictionary<Expression, string>(); | |
| if (parameters != null) ProcessParameters(parameters); | |
| if (values != null) ProcessValues(values); | |
| text = expression; | |
| textLen = text.Length; | |
| SetTextPos(0); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| } | |
| void ProcessParameters(ParameterExpression[] parameters) { | |
| foreach (ParameterExpression pe in parameters) | |
| if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(pe.Name)) | |
| AddSymbol(pe.Name, pe); | |
| if (parameters.Length == 1 && String.IsNullOrEmpty(parameters[0].Name)) | |
| it = parameters[0]; | |
| } | |
| void ProcessValues(object[] values) { | |
| for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i++) { | |
| object value = values[i]; | |
| if (i == values.Length - 1 && value is IDictionary<string, object>) { | |
| externals = (IDictionary<string, object>)value; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| AddSymbol("@" + i.ToString(System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), value); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| void AddSymbol(string name, object value) { | |
| if (symbols.ContainsKey(name)) | |
| throw ParseError(Res.DuplicateIdentifier, name); | |
| symbols.Add(name, value); | |
| } | |
| public Expression Parse(Type resultType) { | |
| int exprPos = token.pos; | |
| Expression expr = ParseExpression(); | |
| if (resultType != null) | |
| if ((expr = PromoteExpression(expr, resultType, true)) == null) | |
| throw ParseError(exprPos, Res.ExpressionTypeMismatch, GetTypeName(resultType)); | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.End, Res.SyntaxError); | |
| return expr; | |
| } | |
| #pragma warning disable 0219 | |
| public IEnumerable<DynamicOrdering> ParseOrdering() { | |
| List<DynamicOrdering> orderings = new List<DynamicOrdering>(); | |
| while (true) { | |
| Expression expr = ParseExpression(); | |
| bool ascending = true; | |
| if (TokenIdentifierIs("asc") || TokenIdentifierIs("ascending")) { | |
| NextToken(); | |
| } | |
| else if (TokenIdentifierIs("desc") || TokenIdentifierIs("descending")) { | |
| NextToken(); | |
| ascending = false; | |
| } | |
| orderings.Add(new DynamicOrdering { Selector = expr, Ascending = ascending }); | |
| if (token.id != TokenId.Comma) break; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| } | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.End, Res.SyntaxError); | |
| return orderings; | |
| } | |
| #pragma warning restore 0219 | |
| // ?: operator | |
| Expression ParseExpression() { | |
| int errorPos = token.pos; | |
| Expression expr = ParseLogicalOr(); | |
| if (token.id == TokenId.Question) { | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression expr1 = ParseExpression(); | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.Colon, Res.ColonExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression expr2 = ParseExpression(); | |
| expr = GenerateConditional(expr, expr1, expr2, errorPos); | |
| } | |
| return expr; | |
| } | |
| // ||, or operator | |
| Expression ParseLogicalOr() { | |
| Expression left = ParseLogicalAnd(); | |
| while (token.id == TokenId.DoubleBar || TokenIdentifierIs("or")) { | |
| Token op = token; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression right = ParseLogicalAnd(); | |
| CheckAndPromoteOperands(typeof(ILogicalSignatures), op.text, ref left, ref right, op.pos); | |
| left = Expression.OrElse(left, right); | |
| } | |
| return left; | |
| } | |
| // &&, and operator | |
| Expression ParseLogicalAnd() { | |
| Expression left = ParseComparison(); | |
| while (token.id == TokenId.DoubleAmphersand || TokenIdentifierIs("and")) { | |
| Token op = token; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression right = ParseComparison(); | |
| CheckAndPromoteOperands(typeof(ILogicalSignatures), op.text, ref left, ref right, op.pos); | |
| left = Expression.AndAlso(left, right); | |
| } | |
| return left; | |
| } | |
| // =, ==, !=, <>, >, >=, <, <= operators | |
| Expression ParseComparison() { | |
| Expression left = ParseAdditive(); | |
| while (token.id == TokenId.Equal || token.id == TokenId.DoubleEqual || | |
| token.id == TokenId.ExclamationEqual || token.id == TokenId.LessGreater || | |
| token.id == TokenId.GreaterThan || token.id == TokenId.GreaterThanEqual || | |
| token.id == TokenId.LessThan || token.id == TokenId.LessThanEqual) { | |
| Token op = token; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression right = ParseAdditive(); | |
| bool isEquality = op.id == TokenId.Equal || op.id == TokenId.DoubleEqual || | |
| op.id == TokenId.ExclamationEqual || op.id == TokenId.LessGreater; | |
| if (isEquality && !left.Type.IsValueType && !right.Type.IsValueType) { | |
| if (left.Type != right.Type) { | |
| if (left.Type.IsAssignableFrom(right.Type)) { | |
| right = Expression.Convert(right, left.Type); | |
| } | |
| else if (right.Type.IsAssignableFrom(left.Type)) { | |
| left = Expression.Convert(left, right.Type); | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| throw IncompatibleOperandsError(op.text, left, right, op.pos); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else if (IsEnumType(left.Type) || IsEnumType(right.Type)) { | |
| if (left.Type != right.Type) { | |
| Expression e; | |
| if ((e = PromoteExpression(right, left.Type, true)) != null) { | |
| right = e; | |
| } | |
| else if ((e = PromoteExpression(left, right.Type, true)) != null) { | |
| left = e; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| throw IncompatibleOperandsError(op.text, left, right, op.pos); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| CheckAndPromoteOperands(isEquality ? typeof(IEqualitySignatures) : typeof(IRelationalSignatures), | |
| op.text, ref left, ref right, op.pos); | |
| } | |
| switch (op.id) { | |
| case TokenId.Equal: | |
| case TokenId.DoubleEqual: | |
| left = GenerateEqual(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| case TokenId.ExclamationEqual: | |
| case TokenId.LessGreater: | |
| left = GenerateNotEqual(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| case TokenId.GreaterThan: | |
| left = GenerateGreaterThan(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| case TokenId.GreaterThanEqual: | |
| left = GenerateGreaterThanEqual(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| case TokenId.LessThan: | |
| left = GenerateLessThan(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| case TokenId.LessThanEqual: | |
| left = GenerateLessThanEqual(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| return left; | |
| } | |
| // +, -, & operators | |
| Expression ParseAdditive() { | |
| Expression left = ParseMultiplicative(); | |
| while (token.id == TokenId.Plus || token.id == TokenId.Minus || | |
| token.id == TokenId.Amphersand) { | |
| Token op = token; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression right = ParseMultiplicative(); | |
| switch (op.id) { | |
| case TokenId.Plus: | |
| if (left.Type == typeof(string) || right.Type == typeof(string)) | |
| goto case TokenId.Amphersand; | |
| CheckAndPromoteOperands(typeof(IAddSignatures), op.text, ref left, ref right, op.pos); | |
| left = GenerateAdd(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| case TokenId.Minus: | |
| CheckAndPromoteOperands(typeof(ISubtractSignatures), op.text, ref left, ref right, op.pos); | |
| left = GenerateSubtract(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| case TokenId.Amphersand: | |
| left = GenerateStringConcat(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| return left; | |
| } | |
| // *, /, %, mod operators | |
| Expression ParseMultiplicative() { | |
| Expression left = ParseUnary(); | |
| while (token.id == TokenId.Asterisk || token.id == TokenId.Slash || | |
| token.id == TokenId.Percent || TokenIdentifierIs("mod")) { | |
| Token op = token; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression right = ParseUnary(); | |
| CheckAndPromoteOperands(typeof(IArithmeticSignatures), op.text, ref left, ref right, op.pos); | |
| switch (op.id) { | |
| case TokenId.Asterisk: | |
| left = Expression.Multiply(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| case TokenId.Slash: | |
| left = Expression.Divide(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| case TokenId.Percent: | |
| case TokenId.Identifier: | |
| left = Expression.Modulo(left, right); | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| return left; | |
| } | |
| // -, !, not unary operators | |
| Expression ParseUnary() { | |
| if (token.id == TokenId.Minus || token.id == TokenId.Exclamation || | |
| TokenIdentifierIs("not")) { | |
| Token op = token; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| if (op.id == TokenId.Minus && (token.id == TokenId.IntegerLiteral || | |
| token.id == TokenId.RealLiteral)) { | |
| token.text = "-" + token.text; | |
| token.pos = op.pos; | |
| return ParsePrimary(); | |
| } | |
| Expression expr = ParseUnary(); | |
| if (op.id == TokenId.Minus) { | |
| CheckAndPromoteOperand(typeof(INegationSignatures), op.text, ref expr, op.pos); | |
| expr = Expression.Negate(expr); | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| CheckAndPromoteOperand(typeof(INotSignatures), op.text, ref expr, op.pos); | |
| expr = Expression.Not(expr); | |
| } | |
| return expr; | |
| } | |
| return ParsePrimary(); | |
| } | |
| Expression ParsePrimary() { | |
| Expression expr = ParsePrimaryStart(); | |
| while (true) { | |
| if (token.id == TokenId.Dot) { | |
| NextToken(); | |
| expr = ParseMemberAccess(null, expr); | |
| } | |
| else if (token.id == TokenId.OpenBracket) { | |
| expr = ParseElementAccess(expr); | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| return expr; | |
| } | |
| Expression ParsePrimaryStart() { | |
| switch (token.id) { | |
| case TokenId.Identifier: | |
| return ParseIdentifier(); | |
| case TokenId.StringLiteral: | |
| return ParseStringLiteral(); | |
| case TokenId.IntegerLiteral: | |
| return ParseIntegerLiteral(); | |
| case TokenId.RealLiteral: | |
| return ParseRealLiteral(); | |
| case TokenId.OpenParen: | |
| return ParseParenExpression(); | |
| default: | |
| throw ParseError(Res.ExpressionExpected); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseStringLiteral() { | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.StringLiteral); | |
| char quote = token.text[0]; | |
| string s = token.text.Substring(1, token.text.Length - 2); | |
| int start = 0; | |
| while (true) { | |
| int i = s.IndexOf(quote, start); | |
| if (i < 0) break; | |
| s = s.Remove(i, 1); | |
| start = i + 1; | |
| } | |
| if (quote == '\'') { | |
| if (s.Length != 1) | |
| throw ParseError(Res.InvalidCharacterLiteral); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| return CreateLiteral(s[0], s); | |
| } | |
| NextToken(); | |
| return CreateLiteral(s, s); | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseIntegerLiteral() { | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.IntegerLiteral); | |
| string text = token.text; | |
| if (text[0] != '-') { | |
| ulong value; | |
| if (!UInt64.TryParse(text, out value)) | |
| throw ParseError(Res.InvalidIntegerLiteral, text); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| if (value <= (ulong)Int32.MaxValue) return CreateLiteral((int)value, text); | |
| if (value <= (ulong)UInt32.MaxValue) return CreateLiteral((uint)value, text); | |
| if (value <= (ulong)Int64.MaxValue) return CreateLiteral((long)value, text); | |
| return CreateLiteral(value, text); | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| long value; | |
| if (!Int64.TryParse(text, out value)) | |
| throw ParseError(Res.InvalidIntegerLiteral, text); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| if (value >= Int32.MinValue && value <= Int32.MaxValue) | |
| return CreateLiteral((int)value, text); | |
| return CreateLiteral(value, text); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseRealLiteral() { | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.RealLiteral); | |
| string text = token.text; | |
| object value = null; | |
| char last = text[text.Length - 1]; | |
| if (last == 'F' || last == 'f') { | |
| float f; | |
| if (Single.TryParse(text.Substring(0, text.Length - 1), out f)) value = f; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| double d; | |
| if (Double.TryParse(text, out d)) value = d; | |
| } | |
| if (value == null) throw ParseError(Res.InvalidRealLiteral, text); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| return CreateLiteral(value, text); | |
| } | |
| Expression CreateLiteral(object value, string text) { | |
| ConstantExpression expr = Expression.Constant(value); | |
| literals.Add(expr, text); | |
| return expr; | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseParenExpression() { | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.OpenParen, Res.OpenParenExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression e = ParseExpression(); | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.CloseParen, Res.CloseParenOrOperatorExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| return e; | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseIdentifier() { | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.Identifier); | |
| object value; | |
| if (keywords.TryGetValue(token.text, out value)) { | |
| if (value is Type) return ParseTypeAccess((Type)value); | |
| if (value == (object)keywordIt) return ParseIt(); | |
| if (value == (object)keywordIif) return ParseIif(); | |
| if (value == (object)keywordNew) return ParseNew(); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| return (Expression)value; | |
| } | |
| if (symbols.TryGetValue(token.text, out value) || | |
| externals != null && externals.TryGetValue(token.text, out value)) { | |
| Expression expr = value as Expression; | |
| if (expr == null) { | |
| expr = Expression.Constant(value); | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| LambdaExpression lambda = expr as LambdaExpression; | |
| if (lambda != null) return ParseLambdaInvocation(lambda); | |
| } | |
| NextToken(); | |
| return expr; | |
| } | |
| if (it != null) return ParseMemberAccess(null, it); | |
| throw ParseError(Res.UnknownIdentifier, token.text); | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseIt() { | |
| if (it == null) | |
| throw ParseError(Res.NoItInScope); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| return it; | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseIif() { | |
| int errorPos = token.pos; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression[] args = ParseArgumentList(); | |
| if (args.Length != 3) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.IifRequiresThreeArgs); | |
| return GenerateConditional(args[0], args[1], args[2], errorPos); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateConditional(Expression test, Expression expr1, Expression expr2, int errorPos) { | |
| if (test.Type != typeof(bool)) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.FirstExprMustBeBool); | |
| if (expr1.Type != expr2.Type) { | |
| Expression expr1as2 = expr2 != nullLiteral ? PromoteExpression(expr1, expr2.Type, true) : null; | |
| Expression expr2as1 = expr1 != nullLiteral ? PromoteExpression(expr2, expr1.Type, true) : null; | |
| if (expr1as2 != null && expr2as1 == null) { | |
| expr1 = expr1as2; | |
| } | |
| else if (expr2as1 != null && expr1as2 == null) { | |
| expr2 = expr2as1; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| string type1 = expr1 != nullLiteral ? expr1.Type.Name : "null"; | |
| string type2 = expr2 != nullLiteral ? expr2.Type.Name : "null"; | |
| if (expr1as2 != null && expr2as1 != null) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.BothTypesConvertToOther, type1, type2); | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.NeitherTypeConvertsToOther, type1, type2); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| return Expression.Condition(test, expr1, expr2); | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseNew() { | |
| NextToken(); | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.OpenParen, Res.OpenParenExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| List<DynamicProperty> properties = new List<DynamicProperty>(); | |
| List<Expression> expressions = new List<Expression>(); | |
| while (true) { | |
| int exprPos = token.pos; | |
| Expression expr = ParseExpression(); | |
| string propName; | |
| if (TokenIdentifierIs("as")) { | |
| NextToken(); | |
| propName = GetIdentifier(); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| MemberExpression me = expr as MemberExpression; | |
| if (me == null) throw ParseError(exprPos, Res.MissingAsClause); | |
| propName = me.Member.Name; | |
| } | |
| expressions.Add(expr); | |
| properties.Add(new DynamicProperty(propName, expr.Type)); | |
| if (token.id != TokenId.Comma) break; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| } | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.CloseParen, Res.CloseParenOrCommaExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Type type = DynamicExpression.CreateClass(properties); | |
| MemberBinding[] bindings = new MemberBinding[properties.Count]; | |
| for (int i = 0; i < bindings.Length; i++) | |
| bindings[i] = Expression.Bind(type.GetProperty(properties[i].Name), expressions[i]); | |
| return Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(type), bindings); | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseLambdaInvocation(LambdaExpression lambda) { | |
| int errorPos = token.pos; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression[] args = ParseArgumentList(); | |
| MethodBase method; | |
| if (FindMethod(lambda.Type, "Invoke", false, args, out method) != 1) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.ArgsIncompatibleWithLambda); | |
| return Expression.Invoke(lambda, args); | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseTypeAccess(Type type) { | |
| int errorPos = token.pos; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| if (token.id == TokenId.Question) { | |
| if (!type.IsValueType || IsNullableType(type)) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.TypeHasNoNullableForm, GetTypeName(type)); | |
| type = typeof(Nullable<>).MakeGenericType(type); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| } | |
| if (token.id == TokenId.OpenParen) { | |
| Expression[] args = ParseArgumentList(); | |
| MethodBase method; | |
| switch (FindBestMethod(type.GetConstructors(), args, out method)) { | |
| case 0: | |
| if (args.Length == 1) | |
| return GenerateConversion(args[0], type, errorPos); | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.NoMatchingConstructor, GetTypeName(type)); | |
| case 1: | |
| return Expression.New((ConstructorInfo)method, args); | |
| default: | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.AmbiguousConstructorInvocation, GetTypeName(type)); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.Dot, Res.DotOrOpenParenExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| return ParseMemberAccess(type, null); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateConversion(Expression expr, Type type, int errorPos) { | |
| Type exprType = expr.Type; | |
| if (exprType == type) return expr; | |
| if (exprType.IsValueType && type.IsValueType) { | |
| if ((IsNullableType(exprType) || IsNullableType(type)) && | |
| GetNonNullableType(exprType) == GetNonNullableType(type)) | |
| return Expression.Convert(expr, type); | |
| if ((IsNumericType(exprType) || IsEnumType(exprType)) && | |
| (IsNumericType(type)) || IsEnumType(type)) | |
| return Expression.ConvertChecked(expr, type); | |
| } | |
| if (exprType.IsAssignableFrom(type) || type.IsAssignableFrom(exprType) || | |
| exprType.IsInterface || type.IsInterface) | |
| return Expression.Convert(expr, type); | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.CannotConvertValue, | |
| GetTypeName(exprType), GetTypeName(type)); | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseMemberAccess(Type type, Expression instance) { | |
| if (instance != null) type = instance.Type; | |
| int errorPos = token.pos; | |
| string id = GetIdentifier(); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| if (token.id == TokenId.OpenParen) { | |
| if (instance != null && type != typeof(string)) { | |
| Type enumerableType = FindGenericType(typeof(IEnumerable<>), type); | |
| if (enumerableType != null) { | |
| Type elementType = enumerableType.GetGenericArguments()[0]; | |
| return ParseAggregate(instance, elementType, id, errorPos); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| Expression[] args = ParseArgumentList(); | |
| MethodBase mb; | |
| switch (FindMethod(type, id, instance == null, args, out mb)) { | |
| case 0: | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.NoApplicableMethod, | |
| id, GetTypeName(type)); | |
| case 1: | |
| MethodInfo method = (MethodInfo)mb; | |
| if (!IsPredefinedType(method.DeclaringType)) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.MethodsAreInaccessible, GetTypeName(method.DeclaringType)); | |
| if (method.ReturnType == typeof(void)) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.MethodIsVoid, | |
| id, GetTypeName(method.DeclaringType)); | |
| return Expression.Call(instance, (MethodInfo)method, args); | |
| default: | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.AmbiguousMethodInvocation, | |
| id, GetTypeName(type)); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| MemberInfo member = FindPropertyOrField(type, id, instance == null); | |
| if (member == null) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.UnknownPropertyOrField, | |
| id, GetTypeName(type)); | |
| return member is PropertyInfo ? | |
| Expression.Property(instance, (PropertyInfo)member) : | |
| Expression.Field(instance, (FieldInfo)member); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| static Type FindGenericType(Type generic, Type type) { | |
| while (type != null && type != typeof(object)) { | |
| if (type.IsGenericType && type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == generic) return type; | |
| if (generic.IsInterface) { | |
| foreach (Type intfType in type.GetInterfaces()) { | |
| Type found = FindGenericType(generic, intfType); | |
| if (found != null) return found; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| type = type.BaseType; | |
| } | |
| return null; | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseAggregate(Expression instance, Type elementType, string methodName, int errorPos) { | |
| ParameterExpression outerIt = it; | |
| ParameterExpression innerIt = Expression.Parameter(elementType, ""); | |
| it = innerIt; | |
| Expression[] args = ParseArgumentList(); | |
| it = outerIt; | |
| MethodBase signature; | |
| if (FindMethod(typeof(IEnumerableSignatures), methodName, false, args, out signature) != 1) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.NoApplicableAggregate, methodName); | |
| Type[] typeArgs; | |
| if (signature.Name == "Min" || signature.Name == "Max") { | |
| typeArgs = new Type[] { elementType, args[0].Type }; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| typeArgs = new Type[] { elementType }; | |
| } | |
| if (args.Length == 0) { | |
| args = new Expression[] { instance }; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| args = new Expression[] { instance, Expression.Lambda(args[0], innerIt) }; | |
| } | |
| return Expression.Call(typeof(Enumerable), signature.Name, typeArgs, args); | |
| } | |
| Expression[] ParseArgumentList() { | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.OpenParen, Res.OpenParenExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression[] args = token.id != TokenId.CloseParen ? ParseArguments() : new Expression[0]; | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.CloseParen, Res.CloseParenOrCommaExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| return args; | |
| } | |
| Expression[] ParseArguments() { | |
| List<Expression> argList = new List<Expression>(); | |
| while (true) { | |
| argList.Add(ParseExpression()); | |
| if (token.id != TokenId.Comma) break; | |
| NextToken(); | |
| } | |
| return argList.ToArray(); | |
| } | |
| Expression ParseElementAccess(Expression expr) { | |
| int errorPos = token.pos; | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.OpenBracket, Res.OpenParenExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| Expression[] args = ParseArguments(); | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.CloseBracket, Res.CloseBracketOrCommaExpected); | |
| NextToken(); | |
| if (expr.Type.IsArray) { | |
| if (expr.Type.GetArrayRank() != 1 || args.Length != 1) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.CannotIndexMultiDimArray); | |
| Expression index = PromoteExpression(args[0], typeof(int), true); | |
| if (index == null) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.InvalidIndex); | |
| return Expression.ArrayIndex(expr, index); | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| MethodBase mb; | |
| switch (FindIndexer(expr.Type, args, out mb)) { | |
| case 0: | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.NoApplicableIndexer, | |
| GetTypeName(expr.Type)); | |
| case 1: | |
| return Expression.Call(expr, (MethodInfo)mb, args); | |
| default: | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.AmbiguousIndexerInvocation, | |
| GetTypeName(expr.Type)); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| static bool IsPredefinedType(Type type) { | |
| foreach (Type t in predefinedTypes) if (t == type) return true; | |
| return false; | |
| } | |
| static bool IsNullableType(Type type) { | |
| return type.IsGenericType && type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>); | |
| } | |
| static Type GetNonNullableType(Type type) { | |
| return IsNullableType(type) ? type.GetGenericArguments()[0] : type; | |
| } | |
| static string GetTypeName(Type type) { | |
| Type baseType = GetNonNullableType(type); | |
| string s = baseType.Name; | |
| if (type != baseType) s += '?'; | |
| return s; | |
| } | |
| static bool IsNumericType(Type type) { | |
| return GetNumericTypeKind(type) != 0; | |
| } | |
| static bool IsSignedIntegralType(Type type) { | |
| return GetNumericTypeKind(type) == 2; | |
| } | |
| static bool IsUnsignedIntegralType(Type type) { | |
| return GetNumericTypeKind(type) == 3; | |
| } | |
| static int GetNumericTypeKind(Type type) { | |
| type = GetNonNullableType(type); | |
| if (type.IsEnum) return 0; | |
| switch (Type.GetTypeCode(type)) { | |
| case TypeCode.Char: | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| return 1; | |
| case TypeCode.SByte: | |
| case TypeCode.Int16: | |
| case TypeCode.Int32: | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| return 2; | |
| case TypeCode.Byte: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt16: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt32: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt64: | |
| return 3; | |
| default: | |
| return 0; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| static bool IsEnumType(Type type) { | |
| return GetNonNullableType(type).IsEnum; | |
| } | |
| void CheckAndPromoteOperand(Type signatures, string opName, ref Expression expr, int errorPos) { | |
| Expression[] args = new Expression[] { expr }; | |
| MethodBase method; | |
| if (FindMethod(signatures, "F", false, args, out method) != 1) | |
| throw ParseError(errorPos, Res.IncompatibleOperand, | |
| opName, GetTypeName(args[0].Type)); | |
| expr = args[0]; | |
| } | |
| void CheckAndPromoteOperands(Type signatures, string opName, ref Expression left, ref Expression right, int errorPos) { | |
| Expression[] args = new Expression[] { left, right }; | |
| MethodBase method; | |
| if (FindMethod(signatures, "F", false, args, out method) != 1) | |
| throw IncompatibleOperandsError(opName, left, right, errorPos); | |
| left = args[0]; | |
| right = args[1]; | |
| } | |
| Exception IncompatibleOperandsError(string opName, Expression left, Expression right, int pos) { | |
| return ParseError(pos, Res.IncompatibleOperands, | |
| opName, GetTypeName(left.Type), GetTypeName(right.Type)); | |
| } | |
| MemberInfo FindPropertyOrField(Type type, string memberName, bool staticAccess) { | |
| BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | | |
| (staticAccess ? BindingFlags.Static : BindingFlags.Instance); | |
| foreach (Type t in SelfAndBaseTypes(type)) { | |
| MemberInfo[] members = t.FindMembers(MemberTypes.Property | MemberTypes.Field, | |
| flags, Type.FilterNameIgnoreCase, memberName); | |
| if (members.Length != 0) return members[0]; | |
| } | |
| return null; | |
| } | |
| int FindMethod(Type type, string methodName, bool staticAccess, Expression[] args, out MethodBase method) { | |
| BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | | |
| (staticAccess ? BindingFlags.Static : BindingFlags.Instance); | |
| foreach (Type t in SelfAndBaseTypes(type)) { | |
| MemberInfo[] members = t.FindMembers(MemberTypes.Method, | |
| flags, Type.FilterNameIgnoreCase, methodName); | |
| int count = FindBestMethod(members.Cast<MethodBase>(), args, out method); | |
| if (count != 0) return count; | |
| } | |
| method = null; | |
| return 0; | |
| } | |
| int FindIndexer(Type type, Expression[] args, out MethodBase method) { | |
| foreach (Type t in SelfAndBaseTypes(type)) { | |
| MemberInfo[] members = t.GetDefaultMembers(); | |
| if (members.Length != 0) { | |
| IEnumerable<MethodBase> methods = members. | |
| OfType<PropertyInfo>(). | |
| Select(p => (MethodBase)p.GetGetMethod()). | |
| Where(m => m != null); | |
| int count = FindBestMethod(methods, args, out method); | |
| if (count != 0) return count; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| method = null; | |
| return 0; | |
| } | |
| static IEnumerable<Type> SelfAndBaseTypes(Type type) { | |
| if (type.IsInterface) { | |
| List<Type> types = new List<Type>(); | |
| AddInterface(types, type); | |
| return types; | |
| } | |
| return SelfAndBaseClasses(type); | |
| } | |
| static IEnumerable<Type> SelfAndBaseClasses(Type type) { | |
| while (type != null) { | |
| yield return type; | |
| type = type.BaseType; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| static void AddInterface(List<Type> types, Type type) { | |
| if (!types.Contains(type)) { | |
| types.Add(type); | |
| foreach (Type t in type.GetInterfaces()) AddInterface(types, t); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| class MethodData | |
| { | |
| public MethodBase MethodBase; | |
| public ParameterInfo[] Parameters; | |
| public Expression[] Args; | |
| } | |
| int FindBestMethod(IEnumerable<MethodBase> methods, Expression[] args, out MethodBase method) { | |
| MethodData[] applicable = methods. | |
| Select(m => new MethodData { MethodBase = m, Parameters = m.GetParameters() }). | |
| Where(m => IsApplicable(m, args)). | |
| ToArray(); | |
| if (applicable.Length > 1) { | |
| applicable = applicable. | |
| Where(m => applicable.All(n => m == n || IsBetterThan(args, m, n))). | |
| ToArray(); | |
| } | |
| if (applicable.Length == 1) { | |
| MethodData md = applicable[0]; | |
| for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) args[i] = md.Args[i]; | |
| method = md.MethodBase; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| method = null; | |
| } | |
| return applicable.Length; | |
| } | |
| bool IsApplicable(MethodData method, Expression[] args) { | |
| if (method.Parameters.Length != args.Length) return false; | |
| Expression[] promotedArgs = new Expression[args.Length]; | |
| for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { | |
| ParameterInfo pi = method.Parameters[i]; | |
| if (pi.IsOut) return false; | |
| Expression promoted = PromoteExpression(args[i], pi.ParameterType, false); | |
| if (promoted == null) return false; | |
| promotedArgs[i] = promoted; | |
| } | |
| method.Args = promotedArgs; | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| Expression PromoteExpression(Expression expr, Type type, bool exact) { | |
| if (expr.Type == type) return expr; | |
| if (expr is ConstantExpression) { | |
| ConstantExpression ce = (ConstantExpression)expr; | |
| if (ce == nullLiteral) { | |
| if (!type.IsValueType || IsNullableType(type)) | |
| return Expression.Constant(null, type); | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| string text; | |
| if (literals.TryGetValue(ce, out text)) { | |
| Type target = GetNonNullableType(type); | |
| Object value = null; | |
| switch (Type.GetTypeCode(ce.Type)) { | |
| case TypeCode.Int32: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt32: | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt64: | |
| value = ParseNumber(text, target); | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| if (target == typeof(decimal)) value = ParseNumber(text, target); | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.String: | |
| value = ParseEnum(text, target); | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| if (value != null) | |
| return Expression.Constant(value, type); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| if (IsCompatibleWith(expr.Type, type)) { | |
| if (type.IsValueType || exact) return Expression.Convert(expr, type); | |
| return expr; | |
| } | |
| return null; | |
| } | |
| static object ParseNumber(string text, Type type) { | |
| switch (Type.GetTypeCode(GetNonNullableType(type))) { | |
| case TypeCode.SByte: | |
| sbyte sb; | |
| if (sbyte.TryParse(text, out sb)) return sb; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Byte: | |
| byte b; | |
| if (byte.TryParse(text, out b)) return b; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Int16: | |
| short s; | |
| if (short.TryParse(text, out s)) return s; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.UInt16: | |
| ushort us; | |
| if (ushort.TryParse(text, out us)) return us; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Int32: | |
| int i; | |
| if (int.TryParse(text, out i)) return i; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.UInt32: | |
| uint ui; | |
| if (uint.TryParse(text, out ui)) return ui; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| long l; | |
| if (long.TryParse(text, out l)) return l; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.UInt64: | |
| ulong ul; | |
| if (ulong.TryParse(text, out ul)) return ul; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| float f; | |
| if (float.TryParse(text, out f)) return f; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| double d; | |
| if (double.TryParse(text, out d)) return d; | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| decimal e; | |
| if (decimal.TryParse(text, out e)) return e; | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| return null; | |
| } | |
| static object ParseEnum(string name, Type type) { | |
| if (type.IsEnum) { | |
| MemberInfo[] memberInfos = type.FindMembers(MemberTypes.Field, | |
| BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Static, | |
| Type.FilterNameIgnoreCase, name); | |
| if (memberInfos.Length != 0) return ((FieldInfo)memberInfos[0]).GetValue(null); | |
| } | |
| return null; | |
| } | |
| static bool IsCompatibleWith(Type source, Type target) { | |
| if (source == target) return true; | |
| if (!target.IsValueType) return target.IsAssignableFrom(source); | |
| Type st = GetNonNullableType(source); | |
| Type tt = GetNonNullableType(target); | |
| if (st != source && tt == target) return false; | |
| TypeCode sc = st.IsEnum ? TypeCode.Object : Type.GetTypeCode(st); | |
| TypeCode tc = tt.IsEnum ? TypeCode.Object : Type.GetTypeCode(tt); | |
| switch (sc) { | |
| case TypeCode.SByte: | |
| switch (tc) { | |
| case TypeCode.SByte: | |
| case TypeCode.Int16: | |
| case TypeCode.Int32: | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Byte: | |
| switch (tc) { | |
| case TypeCode.Byte: | |
| case TypeCode.Int16: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt16: | |
| case TypeCode.Int32: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt32: | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt64: | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Int16: | |
| switch (tc) { | |
| case TypeCode.Int16: | |
| case TypeCode.Int32: | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.UInt16: | |
| switch (tc) { | |
| case TypeCode.UInt16: | |
| case TypeCode.Int32: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt32: | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt64: | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Int32: | |
| switch (tc) { | |
| case TypeCode.Int32: | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.UInt32: | |
| switch (tc) { | |
| case TypeCode.UInt32: | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| case TypeCode.UInt64: | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| switch (tc) { | |
| case TypeCode.Int64: | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.UInt64: | |
| switch (tc) { | |
| case TypeCode.UInt64: | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| case TypeCode.Decimal: | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| switch (tc) { | |
| case TypeCode.Single: | |
| case TypeCode.Double: | |
| return true; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| default: | |
| if (st == tt) return true; | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| return false; | |
| } | |
| static bool IsBetterThan(Expression[] args, MethodData m1, MethodData m2) { | |
| bool better = false; | |
| for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { | |
| int c = CompareConversions(args[i].Type, | |
| m1.Parameters[i].ParameterType, | |
| m2.Parameters[i].ParameterType); | |
| if (c < 0) return false; | |
| if (c > 0) better = true; | |
| } | |
| return better; | |
| } | |
| // Return 1 if s -> t1 is a better conversion than s -> t2 | |
| // Return -1 if s -> t2 is a better conversion than s -> t1 | |
| // Return 0 if neither conversion is better | |
| static int CompareConversions(Type s, Type t1, Type t2) { | |
| if (t1 == t2) return 0; | |
| if (s == t1) return 1; | |
| if (s == t2) return -1; | |
| bool t1t2 = IsCompatibleWith(t1, t2); | |
| bool t2t1 = IsCompatibleWith(t2, t1); | |
| if (t1t2 && !t2t1) return 1; | |
| if (t2t1 && !t1t2) return -1; | |
| if (IsSignedIntegralType(t1) && IsUnsignedIntegralType(t2)) return 1; | |
| if (IsSignedIntegralType(t2) && IsUnsignedIntegralType(t1)) return -1; | |
| return 0; | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateEqual(Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| return Expression.Equal(left, right); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateNotEqual(Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| return Expression.NotEqual(left, right); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateGreaterThan(Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| if (left.Type == typeof(string)) { | |
| return Expression.GreaterThan( | |
| GenerateStaticMethodCall("Compare", left, right), | |
| Expression.Constant(0) | |
| ); | |
| } | |
| return Expression.GreaterThan(left, right); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateGreaterThanEqual(Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| if (left.Type == typeof(string)) { | |
| return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual( | |
| GenerateStaticMethodCall("Compare", left, right), | |
| Expression.Constant(0) | |
| ); | |
| } | |
| return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(left, right); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateLessThan(Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| if (left.Type == typeof(string)) { | |
| return Expression.LessThan( | |
| GenerateStaticMethodCall("Compare", left, right), | |
| Expression.Constant(0) | |
| ); | |
| } | |
| return Expression.LessThan(left, right); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateLessThanEqual(Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| if (left.Type == typeof(string)) { | |
| return Expression.LessThanOrEqual( | |
| GenerateStaticMethodCall("Compare", left, right), | |
| Expression.Constant(0) | |
| ); | |
| } | |
| return Expression.LessThanOrEqual(left, right); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateAdd(Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| if (left.Type == typeof(string) && right.Type == typeof(string)) { | |
| return GenerateStaticMethodCall("Concat", left, right); | |
| } | |
| return Expression.Add(left, right); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateSubtract(Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| return Expression.Subtract(left, right); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateStringConcat(Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| return Expression.Call( | |
| null, | |
| typeof(string).GetMethod("Concat", new[] { typeof(object), typeof(object) }), | |
| new[] { left, right }); | |
| } | |
| MethodInfo GetStaticMethod(string methodName, Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| return left.Type.GetMethod(methodName, new[] { left.Type, right.Type }); | |
| } | |
| Expression GenerateStaticMethodCall(string methodName, Expression left, Expression right) { | |
| return Expression.Call(null, GetStaticMethod(methodName, left, right), new[] { left, right }); | |
| } | |
| void SetTextPos(int pos) { | |
| textPos = pos; | |
| ch = textPos < textLen ? text[textPos] : '\0'; | |
| } | |
| void NextChar() { | |
| if (textPos < textLen) textPos++; | |
| ch = textPos < textLen ? text[textPos] : '\0'; | |
| } | |
| void NextToken() { | |
| while (Char.IsWhiteSpace(ch)) NextChar(); | |
| TokenId t; | |
| int tokenPos = textPos; | |
| switch (ch) { | |
| case '!': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| if (ch == '=') { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.ExclamationEqual; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| t = TokenId.Exclamation; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case '%': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.Percent; | |
| break; | |
| case '&': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| if (ch == '&') { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.DoubleAmphersand; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| t = TokenId.Amphersand; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case '(': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.OpenParen; | |
| break; | |
| case ')': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.CloseParen; | |
| break; | |
| case '*': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.Asterisk; | |
| break; | |
| case '+': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.Plus; | |
| break; | |
| case ',': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.Comma; | |
| break; | |
| case '-': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.Minus; | |
| break; | |
| case '.': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.Dot; | |
| break; | |
| case '/': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.Slash; | |
| break; | |
| case ':': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.Colon; | |
| break; | |
| case '<': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| if (ch == '=') { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.LessThanEqual; | |
| } | |
| else if (ch == '>') { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.LessGreater; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| t = TokenId.LessThan; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case '=': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| if (ch == '=') { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.DoubleEqual; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| t = TokenId.Equal; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case '>': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| if (ch == '=') { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.GreaterThanEqual; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| t = TokenId.GreaterThan; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case '?': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.Question; | |
| break; | |
| case '[': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.OpenBracket; | |
| break; | |
| case ']': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.CloseBracket; | |
| break; | |
| case '|': | |
| NextChar(); | |
| if (ch == '|') { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| t = TokenId.DoubleBar; | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| t = TokenId.Bar; | |
| } | |
| break; | |
| case '"': | |
| case '\'': | |
| char quote = ch; | |
| do { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| while (textPos < textLen && ch != quote) NextChar(); | |
| if (textPos == textLen) | |
| throw ParseError(textPos, Res.UnterminatedStringLiteral); | |
| NextChar(); | |
| } while (ch == quote); | |
| t = TokenId.StringLiteral; | |
| break; | |
| default: | |
| if (Char.IsLetter(ch) || ch == '@' || ch == '_') { | |
| do { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| } while (Char.IsLetterOrDigit(ch) || ch == '_'); | |
| t = TokenId.Identifier; | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| if (Char.IsDigit(ch)) { | |
| t = TokenId.IntegerLiteral; | |
| do { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| } while (Char.IsDigit(ch)); | |
| if (ch == '.') { | |
| t = TokenId.RealLiteral; | |
| NextChar(); | |
| ValidateDigit(); | |
| do { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| } while (Char.IsDigit(ch)); | |
| } | |
| if (ch == 'E' || ch == 'e') { | |
| t = TokenId.RealLiteral; | |
| NextChar(); | |
| if (ch == '+' || ch == '-') NextChar(); | |
| ValidateDigit(); | |
| do { | |
| NextChar(); | |
| } while (Char.IsDigit(ch)); | |
| } | |
| if (ch == 'F' || ch == 'f') NextChar(); | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| if (textPos == textLen) { | |
| t = TokenId.End; | |
| break; | |
| } | |
| throw ParseError(textPos, Res.InvalidCharacter, ch); | |
| } | |
| token.id = t; | |
| token.text = text.Substring(tokenPos, textPos - tokenPos); | |
| token.pos = tokenPos; | |
| } | |
| bool TokenIdentifierIs(string id) { | |
| return token.id == TokenId.Identifier && String.Equals(id, token.text, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase); | |
| } | |
| string GetIdentifier() { | |
| ValidateToken(TokenId.Identifier, Res.IdentifierExpected); | |
| string id = token.text; | |
| if (id.Length > 1 && id[0] == '@') id = id.Substring(1); | |
| return id; | |
| } | |
| void ValidateDigit() { | |
| if (!Char.IsDigit(ch)) throw ParseError(textPos, Res.DigitExpected); | |
| } | |
| void ValidateToken(TokenId t, string errorMessage) { | |
| if (token.id != t) throw ParseError(errorMessage); | |
| } | |
| void ValidateToken(TokenId t) { | |
| if (token.id != t) throw ParseError(Res.SyntaxError); | |
| } | |
| Exception ParseError(string format, params object[] args) { | |
| return ParseError(token.pos, format, args); | |
| } | |
| Exception ParseError(int pos, string format, params object[] args) { | |
| return new ParseException(string.Format(System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, format, args), pos); | |
| } | |
| static Dictionary<string, object> CreateKeywords() { | |
| Dictionary<string, object> d = new Dictionary<string, object>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); | |
| d.Add("true", trueLiteral); | |
| d.Add("false", falseLiteral); | |
| d.Add("null", nullLiteral); | |
| d.Add(keywordIt, keywordIt); | |
| d.Add(keywordIif, keywordIif); | |
| d.Add(keywordNew, keywordNew); | |
| foreach (Type type in predefinedTypes) d.Add(type.Name, type); | |
| return d; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| static class Res | |
| { | |
| public const string DuplicateIdentifier = "The identifier '{0}' was defined more than once"; | |
| public const string ExpressionTypeMismatch = "Expression of type '{0}' expected"; | |
| public const string ExpressionExpected = "Expression expected"; | |
| public const string InvalidCharacterLiteral = "Character literal must contain exactly one character"; | |
| public const string InvalidIntegerLiteral = "Invalid integer literal '{0}'"; | |
| public const string InvalidRealLiteral = "Invalid real literal '{0}'"; | |
| public const string UnknownIdentifier = "Unknown identifier '{0}'"; | |
| public const string NoItInScope = "No 'it' is in scope"; | |
| public const string IifRequiresThreeArgs = "The 'iif' function requires three arguments"; | |
| public const string FirstExprMustBeBool = "The first expression must be of type 'Boolean'"; | |
| public const string BothTypesConvertToOther = "Both of the types '{0}' and '{1}' convert to the other"; | |
| public const string NeitherTypeConvertsToOther = "Neither of the types '{0}' and '{1}' converts to the other"; | |
| public const string MissingAsClause = "Expression is missing an 'as' clause"; | |
| public const string ArgsIncompatibleWithLambda = "Argument list incompatible with lambda expression"; | |
| public const string TypeHasNoNullableForm = "Type '{0}' has no nullable form"; | |
| public const string NoMatchingConstructor = "No matching constructor in type '{0}'"; | |
| public const string AmbiguousConstructorInvocation = "Ambiguous invocation of '{0}' constructor"; | |
| public const string CannotConvertValue = "A value of type '{0}' cannot be converted to type '{1}'"; | |
| public const string NoApplicableMethod = "No applicable method '{0}' exists in type '{1}'"; | |
| public const string MethodsAreInaccessible = "Methods on type '{0}' are not accessible"; | |
| public const string MethodIsVoid = "Method '{0}' in type '{1}' does not return a value"; | |
| public const string AmbiguousMethodInvocation = "Ambiguous invocation of method '{0}' in type '{1}'"; | |
| public const string UnknownPropertyOrField = "No property or field '{0}' exists in type '{1}'"; | |
| public const string NoApplicableAggregate = "No applicable aggregate method '{0}' exists"; | |
| public const string CannotIndexMultiDimArray = "Indexing of multi-dimensional arrays is not supported"; | |
| public const string InvalidIndex = "Array index must be an integer expression"; | |
| public const string NoApplicableIndexer = "No applicable indexer exists in type '{0}'"; | |
| public const string AmbiguousIndexerInvocation = "Ambiguous invocation of indexer in type '{0}'"; | |
| public const string IncompatibleOperand = "Operator '{0}' incompatible with operand type '{1}'"; | |
| public const string IncompatibleOperands = "Operator '{0}' incompatible with operand types '{1}' and '{2}'"; | |
| public const string UnterminatedStringLiteral = "Unterminated string literal"; | |
| public const string InvalidCharacter = "Syntax error '{0}'"; | |
| public const string DigitExpected = "Digit expected"; | |
| public const string SyntaxError = "Syntax error"; | |
| public const string TokenExpected = "{0} expected"; | |
| public const string ParseExceptionFormat = "{0} (at index {1})"; | |
| public const string ColonExpected = "':' expected"; | |
| public const string OpenParenExpected = "'(' expected"; | |
| public const string CloseParenOrOperatorExpected = "')' or operator expected"; | |
| public const string CloseParenOrCommaExpected = "')' or ',' expected"; | |
| public const string DotOrOpenParenExpected = "'.' or '(' expected"; | |
| public const string OpenBracketExpected = "'[' expected"; | |
| public const string CloseBracketOrCommaExpected = "']' or ',' expected"; | |
| public const string IdentifierExpected = "Identifier expected"; | |
| } | |
| } |
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