https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/mapped-types.html

Typescript difference between ? -? and +? in partial types

+ or - allows control over the mapped type modifier (? or readonly). -? means must be all present, aka it removes optionality (?) e.g.:

type T = {
    a: string
    b?: string
}


// Note b is optional
const sameAsT: { [K in keyof T]: string } = {
    a: 'asdf', // a is required
}

// Note a became optional
const canBeNotPresent: { [K in keyof T]?: string } = {
}

// Note b became required
const mustBePreset: { [K in keyof T]-?: string } = {
    a: 'asdf', 
    b: 'asdf'  // b became required 
}