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February 12, 2016 17:29
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package android.os; | |
import java.util.ArrayDeque; | |
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue; | |
import java.util.concurrent.Callable; | |
import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException; | |
import java.util.concurrent.Executor; | |
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; | |
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask; | |
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue; | |
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; | |
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; | |
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; | |
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; | |
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean; | |
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; | |
public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> { | |
private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask"; | |
//获取当前的cpu核心数 | |
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); | |
//线程池核心容量 | |
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT + 1; | |
//线程池最大容量 | |
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1; | |
//过剩的空闲线程的存活时间 | |
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1; | |
//ThreadFactory 线程工厂,通过工厂方法newThread来获取新线程 | |
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() { | |
//原子整数,可以在超高并发下正常工作 | |
private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1); | |
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { | |
return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement()); | |
} | |
}; | |
//静态阻塞式队列,用来存放待执行的任务,初始容量:128个 | |
private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue = | |
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128); | |
/** | |
* 静态并发线程池,可以用来并行执行任务,尽管从3.0开始,AsyncTask默认是串行执行任务 | |
* 但是我们仍然能构造出并行的AsyncTask | |
*/ | |
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR | |
= new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, | |
TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory); | |
/** | |
* 静态串行任务执行器,其内部实现了串行控制, | |
* 循环的取出一个个任务交给上述的并发线程池去执行 | |
*/ | |
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor(); | |
//消息类型:发送结果 | |
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1; | |
//消息类型:更新进度 | |
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2; | |
/**静态Handler,用来发送上述两种通知,采用UI线程的Looper来处理消息 | |
* 这就是为什么AsyncTask必须在UI线程调用,因为子线程 | |
* 默认没有Looper无法创建下面的Handler,程序会直接Crash | |
*/ | |
private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler(); | |
//默认任务执行器,被赋值为串行任务执行器,就是它,AsyncTask变成串行的了 | |
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR; | |
//如下两个变量我们先不要深究,不影响我们对整体逻辑的理解 | |
private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker; | |
private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture; | |
//任务的状态 默认为挂起,即等待执行,其类型标识为易变的(volatile) | |
private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING; | |
//原子布尔型,支持高并发访问,标识任务是否被取消 | |
private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean(); | |
//原子布尔型,支持高并发访问,标识任务是否被执行过 | |
private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean(); | |
/**串行执行器的实现,我们要好好看看,它是怎么把并行转为串行的 | |
*目前我们需要知道,asyncTask.execute(Params ...)实际上会调用 | |
*SerialExecutor的execute方法,这一点后面再说明。也就是说:当你的asyncTask执行的时候, | |
*首先你的task会被加入到任务队列,然后排队,一个个执行 | |
*/ | |
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor { | |
//线性双向队列,用来存储所有的AsyncTask任务 | |
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>(); | |
//当前正在执行的AsyncTask任务 | |
Runnable mActive; | |
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) { | |
//将新的AsyncTask任务加入到双向队列中 | |
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() { | |
public void run() { | |
try { | |
//执行AsyncTask任务 | |
r.run(); | |
} finally { | |
//当前AsyncTask任务执行完毕后,进行下一轮执行,如果还有未执行任务的话 | |
//这一点很明显体现了AsyncTask是串行执行任务的,总是一个任务执行完毕才会执行下一个任务 | |
scheduleNext(); | |
} | |
} | |
}); | |
//如果当前没有任务在执行,直接进入执行逻辑 | |
if (mActive == null) { | |
scheduleNext(); | |
} | |
} | |
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() { | |
//从任务队列中取出队列头部的任务,如果有就交给并发线程池去执行 | |
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) { | |
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive); | |
} | |
} | |
} | |
/** | |
* 任务的三种状态 | |
*/ | |
public enum Status { | |
/** | |
* 任务等待执行 | |
*/ | |
PENDING, | |
/** | |
* 任务正在执行 | |
*/ | |
RUNNING, | |
/** | |
* 任务已经执行结束 | |
*/ | |
FINISHED, | |
} | |
/** 隐藏API:在UI线程中调用,用来初始化Handler */ | |
public static void init() { | |
sHandler.getLooper(); | |
} | |
/** 隐藏API:为AsyncTask设置默认执行器 */ | |
public static void setDefaultExecutor(Executor exec) { | |
sDefaultExecutor = exec; | |
} | |
/** | |
* Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread. | |
*/ | |
public AsyncTask() { | |
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() { | |
public Result call() throws Exception { | |
mTaskInvoked.set(true); | |
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND); | |
//noinspection unchecked | |
return postResult(doInBackground(mParams)); | |
} | |
}; | |
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) { | |
@Override | |
protected void done() { | |
try { | |
postResultIfNotInvoked(get()); | |
} catch (InterruptedException e) { | |
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e); | |
} catch (ExecutionException e) { | |
throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()", | |
e.getCause()); | |
} catch (CancellationException e) { | |
postResultIfNotInvoked(null); | |
} | |
} | |
}; | |
} | |
private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) { | |
final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get(); | |
if (!wasTaskInvoked) { | |
postResult(result); | |
} | |
} | |
//doInBackground执行完毕,发送消息 | |
private Result postResult(Result result) { | |
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") | |
Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT, | |
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result)); | |
message.sendToTarget(); | |
return result; | |
} | |
/** | |
* 返回任务的状态 | |
*/ | |
public final Status getStatus() { | |
return mStatus; | |
} | |
/** | |
* 这个方法是我们必须要重写的,用来做后台计算 | |
* 所在线程:后台线程 | |
*/ | |
protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params); | |
/** | |
* 在doInBackground之前调用,用来做初始化工作 | |
* 所在线程:UI线程 | |
*/ | |
protected void onPreExecute() { | |
} | |
/** | |
* 在doInBackground之后调用,用来接受后台计算结果更新UI | |
* 所在线程:UI线程 | |
*/ | |
protected void onPostExecute(Result result) { | |
} | |
/** | |
* Runs on the UI thread after {@link #publishProgress} is invoked. | |
/** | |
* 在publishProgress之后调用,用来更新计算进度 | |
* 所在线程:UI线程 | |
*/ | |
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) { | |
} | |
/** | |
* cancel被调用并且doInBackground执行结束,会调用onCancelled,表示任务被取消 | |
* 这个时候onPostExecute不会再被调用,二者是互斥的,分别表示任务取消和任务执行完成 | |
* 所在线程:UI线程 | |
*/ | |
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedParameters"}) | |
protected void onCancelled(Result result) { | |
onCancelled(); | |
} | |
protected void onCancelled() { | |
} | |
public final boolean isCancelled() { | |
return mCancelled.get(); | |
} | |
public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) { | |
mCancelled.set(true); | |
return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning); | |
} | |
public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { | |
return mFuture.get(); | |
} | |
public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, | |
ExecutionException, TimeoutException { | |
return mFuture.get(timeout, unit); | |
} | |
/** | |
* 这个方法如何执行和系统版本有关,在AsyncTask的使用规则里已经说明,如果你真的想使用并行AsyncTask, | |
* 也是可以的,只要稍作修改 | |
* 必须在UI线程调用此方法 | |
*/ | |
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) { | |
//串行执行 | |
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params); | |
//如果我们想并行执行,这样改就行了,当然这个方法我们没法改 | |
//return executeOnExecutor(THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, params); | |
} | |
/** | |
* 通过这个方法我们可以自定义AsyncTask的执行方式,串行or并行,甚至可以采用自己的Executor | |
* 为了实现并行,我们可以在外部这么用AsyncTask: | |
* asyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, Params... params); | |
* 必须在UI线程调用此方法 | |
*/ | |
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec, | |
Params... params) { | |
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) { | |
switch (mStatus) { | |
case RUNNING: | |
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" | |
+ " the task is already running."); | |
case FINISHED: | |
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" | |
+ " the task has already been executed " | |
+ "(a task can be executed only once)"); | |
} | |
} | |
mStatus = Status.RUNNING; | |
//这里#onPreExecute会最先执行 | |
onPreExecute(); | |
mWorker.mParams = params; | |
//然后后台计算#doInBackground才真正开始 | |
exec.execute(mFuture); | |
//接着会有#onProgressUpdate被调用,最后是#onPostExecute | |
return this; | |
} | |
/** | |
* 这是AsyncTask提供的一个静态方法,方便我们直接执行一个runnable | |
*/ | |
public static void execute(Runnable runnable) { | |
sDefaultExecutor.execute(runnable); | |
} | |
/** | |
* 打印后台计算进度,onProgressUpdate会被调用 | |
*/ | |
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) { | |
if (!isCancelled()) { | |
sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS, | |
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget(); | |
} | |
} | |
//任务结束的时候会进行判断,如果任务没有被取消,则onPostExecute会被调用 | |
private void finish(Result result) { | |
if (isCancelled()) { | |
onCancelled(result); | |
} else { | |
onPostExecute(result); | |
} | |
mStatus = Status.FINISHED; | |
} | |
//AsyncTask内部Handler,用来发送后台计算进度更新消息和计算完成消息 | |
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler { | |
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"}) | |
@Override | |
public void handleMessage(Message msg) { | |
AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj; | |
switch (msg.what) { | |
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT: | |
// There is only one result | |
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]); | |
break; | |
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS: | |
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData); | |
break; | |
} | |
} | |
} | |
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> { | |
Params[] mParams; | |
} | |
@SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"}) | |
private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> { | |
final AsyncTask mTask; | |
final Data[] mData; | |
AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) { | |
mTask = task; | |
mData = data; | |
} | |
} | |
} |
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