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h - move cursor left
j - move cursor down
k - move cursor up
l - move cursor right
w - jump forwards to the start of a word
W - jump forwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
e - jump forwards to the end of a word
E - jump forwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
b - jump backwards to the start of a word
B - jump backwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
0 - jump to the start of the line
^ - jump to the first non-blank character of the line
$ - jump to the end of the line
% - jump to the matching parenthesis
[[ - jump to function start
]] - jump to function end
gg - go to the first line of the document
G - go to the last line of the document
5g - go to line 5
L - move cursor to bottom of screen
ctrl + d - move cursor to half way down the screen
ctrl + u - move cursor to half way up the screen
Insert Mode - inserting/appending text
i - insert before the cursor
I - insert at the beginning of the line
a - insert (append) after the cursor
A - insert (append) at the end of the line
o - append (open) a new line below the current line
O - append (open) a new line above the current line
ea - insert (append) at the end of the word
esc - exit insert mode
Editing
r - replace a single character
j - join line below to the current one
cc - change (replace) entire line
cw - change (replace) to the end of the word
c$ - change (replace) to the end of the line
xp - transpose two letters (delete and paste)
u - undo
ctrl + r - redo
. - repeat last command
Marking Text (visual mode)
v - start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank)
V - start linewise visual mode
o - move to other end of marked area
ctrl + v - start visual block mode
o - move to other corner of block(after entering visual block mode)
aw - mark a word
ab - a block with ()
ab - a block with {}
ib - inner block with ()
ib - inner block with {}
esc - exit visual mode
Visual Commands
>> - shift text right
<< - shift text left
y - yank (copy) marked text
d - delete marked text
~ - switch case
Cut and Paste
yy - yank (copy) a line
2yy - yank (copy) 2 lines
yw - yank (copy) word
y$ - yank (copy) to end of line
p - put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
P - put (paste) before cursor
dd - delete (cut) a line
2dd - delete (cut) 2 lines
dw - delete (cut) word
d - delete (cut) to the end of the line
d$ - delete (cut) to the end of the line
x - delete (cut) character
Exiting
:w - write (save) the file, but don't exit
:x - write (save) and quit
:q - quit (fails if there are unsaved changes)
:q! or zq - quit and throw away unsaved changes
Search and Replace
/pattern - search for pattern
?pattern - search backward for pattern
/jo[ha]n - search for john or joan
/\<pat - search for pattern or patrick
/pat\> - search for expat or spat
/fred\|joe - search fred or joe
/\<\d\d\d\d\> - search for exactly 4 digits
/^\n\{3} - find 3 empty lines
:bufdo /searchstr/ - search in all open files
:bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g - search something in all the open buffers and replace it withsomethingelse x
n - repeat search in same direction
N - repeat search in opposite direction
:%s/old/new/g - replace all old with new throughout file
:%s/old/new/gc - replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
:s/bill/steve/g - replace bill by steve in current line
:%s/ *$//g - delete all white spaces
:g/string/d - delete all lines containing string
:v/string/d - delete all lines which didn’t contain string
:%s#<[^>]\+>##g - delete html tags but keeps text
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ - delete lines which appears twice
:arg **/*.ext - all files in and below current directory
:argdo %s/pattern/replace/ge | update - Search and replace in all files in arglist
Lowercase and Uppercase
Vu - lowercase line
VU - uppercase line
g~~ - invert case of a line
~ - invert case of letter under cursor
veu - switch word to lowercase
veU - switch word to uppercase
ve~ - modify word case
ggvGeu - set all text to lowercase
ggvGe~ - switch case of all text in file
:%s/\<./\u&/g - sets first letter of each word to uppercase
:%s/\<./\l&/g - sets first letter of each word to lowercase
:%s/.*/\u& - sets first letter of each line to uppercase
:%s/.*/\l& - sets first letter of each line to lowercase
Working with Multiple Files
:e filename - edit a file in a new buffer
:bnext or :bn - go to the next buffer
:bprev or :bp - go to the previous buffer
:bd - delete a buffer (close a file)
:sp filename - open a file in a new buffer and split window
:vsp filename - open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window
ctrl + ws - split window
ctrl + wv - split window vertically
ctrl + ww - switch windows
ctrl + h - move cursor to the left window (vertical split)
ctrl + l - move cursor to the right window (vertical split)
ctrl + j - move cursor to the window below (horizontal split)
ctrl + k - move cursor to the window above (horizontal split)
Tabs
:tabnew filename or :tabn filename - open a file in a new tab
gt or :tabnext or :tabn - move to the next tab
gT or :tabprev or :tabp - move to the previous tab
#gt - move to tab number #
:tabmove # - move current tab to the #th position (indexed from 0)
:tabclose or :tabc - close the current tab and all its windows
:tabonly or :tabo - close all tabs except for the current one
Aligning
:%!fmt - align all lines
Diff
:windo diffthis - compare two or more open buffers
:windo diffoff - turn off diff view
