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A simple RSA implementation in Python
'''
620031587
Net-Centric Computing Assignment
Part A - RSA Encryption
'''
import random
'''
Euclid's algorithm for determining the greatest common divisor
Use iteration to make it faster for larger integers
'''
def gcd(a, b):
while b != 0:
a, b = b, a % b
return a
'''
Euclid's extended algorithm for finding the multiplicative inverse of two numbers
'''
def multiplicative_inverse(a, b):
"""Returns a tuple (r, i, j) such that r = gcd(a, b) = ia + jb
"""
# r = gcd(a,b) i = multiplicitive inverse of a mod b
# or j = multiplicitive inverse of b mod a
# Neg return values for i or j are made positive mod b or a respectively
# Iterateive Version is faster and uses much less stack space
x = 0
y = 1
lx = 1
ly = 0
oa = a # Remember original a/b to remove
ob = b # negative values from return results
while b != 0:
q = a // b
(a, b) = (b, a % b)
(x, lx) = ((lx - (q * x)), x)
(y, ly) = ((ly - (q * y)), y)
if lx < 0:
lx += ob # If neg wrap modulo orignal b
if ly < 0:
ly += oa # If neg wrap modulo orignal a
# return a , lx, ly # Return only positive values
return lx
'''
Tests to see if a number is prime.
'''
def is_prime(num):
if num == 2:
return True
if num < 2 or num % 2 == 0:
return False
for n in xrange(3, int(num**0.5)+2, 2):
if num % n == 0:
return False
return True
def generate_keypair(p, q):
if not (is_prime(p) and is_prime(q)):
raise ValueError('Both numbers must be prime.')
elif p == q:
raise ValueError('p and q cannot be equal')
#n = pq
n = p * q
#Phi is the totient of n
phi = (p-1) * (q-1)
#Choose an integer e such that e and phi(n) are coprime
e = random.randrange(1, phi)
#Use Euclid's Algorithm to verify that e and phi(n) are comprime
g = gcd(e, phi)
while g != 1:
e = random.randrange(1, phi)
g = gcd(e, phi)
#Use Extended Euclid's Algorithm to generate the private key
d = multiplicative_inverse(e, phi)
#Return public and private keypair
#Public key is (e, n) and private key is (d, n)
return ((e, n), (d, n))
def encrypt(pk, plaintext):
#Unpack the key into it's components
key, n = pk
#Convert each letter in the plaintext to numbers based on the character using a^b mod m
cipher = [(ord(char) ** key) % n for char in plaintext]
#Return the array of bytes
return cipher
def decrypt(pk, ciphertext):
#Unpack the key into its components
key, n = pk
#Generate the plaintext based on the ciphertext and key using a^b mod m
plain = [chr((char ** key) % n) for char in ciphertext]
#Return the array of bytes as a string
return ''.join(plain)
if __name__ == '__main__':
'''
Detect if the script is being run directly by the user
'''
print "RSA Encrypter/ Decrypter"
p = int(raw_input("Enter a prime number (17, 19, 23, etc): "))
q = int(raw_input("Enter another prime number (Not one you entered above): "))
print "Generating your public/private keypairs now . . ."
public, private = generate_keypair(p, q)
print "Your public key is ", public ," and your private key is ", private
message = raw_input("Enter a message to encrypt with your private key: ")
encrypted_msg = encrypt(private, message)
print "Your encrypted message is: "
print ''.join(map(lambda x: str(x), encrypted_msg))
print "Decrypting message with public key ", public ," . . ."
print "Your message is:"
print decrypt(public, encrypted_msg)
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