Snake Game using Python OOP

main.py

from snake import Snake
import time
from turtle import Screen
from food import Food
from scoreboard import ScoreBoard

screen = Screen()
screen.setup(width=600, height=600)
screen.bgcolor("black")
screen.title("Snake Game")
screen.tracer(0)


# Step 1 - Create a snake body

snake = Snake()
food = Food()
score = ScoreBoard()

# Step 4 - Control the snake
screen.listen()
screen.onkey(snake.up, "Up")
screen.onkey(snake.down, "Down")
screen.onkey(snake.left, "Left")
screen.onkey(snake.right, "Right")

game_is_on = True
while game_is_on:
    screen.update()
    time.sleep(0.1)
    # Step 2 - Move forward the snake - Animating the snake segment on screen
    # Step 3 - Create a snake class and Move to OOP
    snake.move()

    # Step 5 - create food class and Detect collision with food
    # Step 6 - Create a scoreboard and keep score
    if snake.head.distance(food) < 15:
        food.refresh()
        # Step 9 - Extend snake length and detect collision with tail
        snake.extend()
        score.increase_score()

    # Step 7 - Detect collision with wall
    if snake.head.xcor() > 280 or snake.head.xcor() < -280 or snake.head.ycor() > 280 or snake.head.ycor() < -280:
        game_is_on = False
        score.game_over()

    # Step 8 - Detect collision with snake body
    for segment in snake.segments[1:]:
        if snake.head.distance(segment) < 10:
            game_is_on = False
            score.game_over()

screen.exitonclick()


# Snake class
from turtle import Turtle

STARTING_POSITIONS = [(0, 0), (-20, 0), (-40, 0)]  # this is a constant, and it should be in ALL CAPS.

MOVE_DISTANCE = 20

UP = 90
DOWN = 270
LEFT = 180
RIGHT = 0


class Snake:

    def __init__(self):
        self.segments = []
        self.create_snake()
        self.head = self.segments[0]

    def create_snake(self):
        for position in STARTING_POSITIONS:
            self.add_segment(position)

    def add_segment(self, position):
        new_segment = Turtle(shape="square")
        new_segment.color("white")
        new_segment.penup()
        new_segment.goto(position)
        self.segments.append(new_segment)

    def extend(self):  # Step 7 - Extend snake length and detect collision with tail
        self.add_segment(self.segments[-1].position())

    def move(self):
        for seg_num in range(len(self.segments) - 1, 0, -1):  # range(start, stop, step)
            new_x = self.segments[seg_num - 1].xcor()
            new_y = self.segments[seg_num - 1].ycor()
            self.segments[seg_num].goto(new_x, new_y)
        self.head.forward(MOVE_DISTANCE)

    def up(self):
        if self.head.heading() != DOWN:
            self.head.setheading(UP)

    def down(self):
        if self.head.heading() != UP:
            self.head.setheading(DOWN)

    def left(self):
        if self.head.heading() != RIGHT:
            self.head.setheading(LEFT)

    def right(self):
        if self.head.heading() != LEFT:
            self.head.setheading(RIGHT)

   
# Scoreboard class
from turtle import Turtle

ALIGNMENT = "center"
FONT = ("Arial", 24, "normal")


class ScoreBoard(Turtle):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.score = 0
        self.color("white")
        self.penup()
        self.goto(0, 270)
        self.hideturtle()
        self.update_scoreboard()

    def update_scoreboard(self):
        self.write(f"Score:{self.score}", align=ALIGNMENT, font=FONT)

    def game_over(self):
        self.goto(0, 0)
        self.write("GAME OVER", align="Center", font=FONT)

    def increase_score(self):
        self.score += 1
        self.clear()
        self.update_scoreboard()

 
# Food class
from turtle import Turtle
import random


class Food(Turtle):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.shape("circle")
        self.penup()
        self.shapesize(stretch_len=0.5, stretch_wid=0.5)
        self.color("white")
        self.speed("fastest")
        self.refresh()

    def refresh(self):
        random_x = random.randint(-280, 280)
        random_y = random.randint(-280, 280)
        self.goto(random_x, random_y)