Check which version of chocolate-doom your distro has:
apt-cache show chocolate-doom|grep "Version:"
If it's version 3.0.0 or above then install it:
sudo apt install chocolate-doom
otherwise compile from source: https://www.chocolate-doom.org/wiki/index.php/Building_Chocolate_Doom_on_Linux
Then install the FreeDoom wad files:
sudo apt install freedoom
Start playing:
chocolate-doom -iwad /usr/share/games/doom/freedoom2.wad -deathmatch -connect solar.punk.institute
If you want to use the shareware doom 1 wad file instead (but all players must agree on wad file):
chocolate-doom -iwad DOOM1.WAD -deathmatch -connect solar.punk.institute