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hci.md
title papersize numbersections documentclass toc toc-title geometry colorlinks toccolor linkcolor urlcolor header-includes
Design & Implementation of Human-Computer Interfaces
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```{=latex} \raggedbottom % or \flushbottom ```
```{=latex} \usepackage{fvextra} \DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\}, breaklines, breaknonspaceingroup, breakanywhere} \fvset{breaklines} \fvset{breaknonspaceingroup} \fvset{breakanywhere} ```

Practice: Week 0: Assignment 0

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Which of the following models is not suitable for accommodating any change?

Choices:

  • a. Build and Fix Model

  • b. Prototyping Model

  • c. RAD Model

  • d. Waterfall Model

Question 2

Which of these is (/are) type(s) of prototype in Prototyping Model?

Choices:

  • a. Horizontal Prototype

  • b. Vertical Prototype

  • c. Diagonal Prototype

  • d. Domain Prototype

Question 3

RAD Model has _________________ phases.

Correct Answer: 5

Hint: Enter answer in numeric

Question 4

‘Build and Fix Model’ of SDLC is suitable for programming exercises of __________ LOC (Line of Code)

Correct Answer: 200-500

Question 5

System models are abstract descriptions of systems whose requirements are being analyzed.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 6

UML is based on ______________________.

Choices:

  • a. notation

  • b. transitions

  • c. states

  • d. keywords

Question 7

Question 7

Which system model is being depicted by the ATM operations shown below?

Choices:

  • a. Structural model

  • b. Context model

  • c. Behavioral model

  • d. Interaction model

Quiz: Week 1: Assignment 1

Questions and Answers

Question 1

While we talk about the evaluation phases of the computer, ___________ is called the modern age of computer.

Choices:

  • a. 1985 onwards

  • b. 1998 onwards

  • c. 2007 onwards

  • d. 2011 onwards

Question 2

Which among the following is NOT a generic category of users?

Choices:

  • a. Novice

  • b. Super knowledgeable

  • c. Intermittent

  • d. Expert

Question 3

What is the full form of the acronym WIMP?

Choices:

  • a. Windows Interfaces Menus Pointers

  • b. Window Icons Menus Pointers

  • c. Wizards Interfaces Mouse Pointers

  • d. None of the above

Question 4

Feeds of the social networking sites such as the Facebook and Twitter are the example of

Choices:

  • a. Synchronous remote interactive system

  • b. Asynchronous remote interaction

Question 5

Which one of the following is NOT a computer?

Choices:

  • a. Desktop

  • b. Digital Pedometer

  • c. Smartphone

  • d. None of the above

Question 6

Interactive software development is _________ in nature.

Choices:

  • a. sporadic

  • b. iterative

  • c. variable

  • d. discrete

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the five quality components of usability proposed by Jacob Nielsen?

Choices:

  • a. Learnability

  • b. Efficiency

  • c. Satisfaction

  • d. Memorization

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Waterfall model?

Choices:

  • a. Feasibility study

  • b. Learnability study

  • c. System integration and testing

  • d. Maintenance

Question 9

‘Identify objectives’ and 'customer evaluation and planning'is in the _______ and ________ quadrant of the spiral model respectively.

Choices:

  • a. First

  • b. Second

  • c. Third

  • d. Fourth

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes System Centered Design (SCD)?

Choices:

  • a. Design based on user abilities, context, and goals/needs

  • b. Design focused on what can be easily built using available tools

  • c. Design considering programmer's convenience and interests

  • d. Design focused on system reliability and performance

Quiz: Week 2: Assignment 2

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Contextual inquiry is also known as ________.

Choices:

  • a. Interview

  • b. Observation

  • c. Semi-structured interview

Question 2

In SRS, functions are represented as

Choices:

  • a. Function name

  • b. Input

  • c. Output

  • d. Description

  • e. Motivation

Question 3

Contextual inquiry can be done in _______ and passive mode.

Choices:

  • a. active

  • b. semi-active

  • c. neutral

Question 4

There are _______ stages in contextual inquiry.

Choices:

  • a. two

  • b. five

  • c. six

  • d. eight

Question 5

Which stage in the Contextual Inquiry process involves arranging for recording observations and scripting the procedure?

Choices:

  • a. Plan Stage

  • b. Initiate Stage

  • c. Execute Stage

  • d. Reflect Stage

Question 6

Affinity diagram method consists of _______ steps.

Choices:

  • a. Three

  • b. Two

  • c. Six

  • d. Five

Question 7

Usability requirements is one type of ______.

Choices:

  • a. Functional Requirement

  • b. Non-functional requirement

Question 8

What is the primary objective of Contextual Inquiry?

Choices:

  • a. To watch and observe users perform tasks in their natural work setting

  • b. To conduct semi-structured interviews with users

  • c. To develop design recommendations

  • d. To study user behavior using physical note-taking

Question 9

What is the purpose of the "Reflect" stage in the Contextual Inquiry process?

Choices:

  • a. To contact the authorities for permission

  • b. To analyze the data collected and identify design goals

  • c. To script the procedure and rehearse for observations

Question 10

How long does the Contextual Inquiry process typically continue?

Choices:

  • a. One to two weeks

  • b. One to two hours

  • c. One to two months

Quiz: Week 3: Assignment 3

Questions and Answers

Question 1

We can also add new functional requirements based on the observations made in contextual inquiry.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 2

In user-centered design, we have two concerns: Interface design and __________

Choices:

  • a. Machine design

  • b. Hardware design

  • c. Code design

  • d. System design

Question 3

Code design can be expressed in natural languages, semi-formal languages and _________.

Choices:

  • a. Informal languages

  • b. Formal languages

  • c. Context sensitive languages

Question 4

DFD is a _______ code design language.

Choices:

  • a. Natural

  • b. Semi-formal

  • c. Informal

  • d. Context sensitive.

Question 5

Shneiderman proposed _____ rules that covers broad aspects of interactive systems.

Choices:

  • a. Five

  • b. Seven

  • c. Eight

  • d. Nine

Question 6

Reduce short-term memory load was proposed by Gorge A Miller in the year

Choices:

  • a. 1956

  • b. 1986

  • c. 1988

Question 7

What is the full form of the UCD

Choices:

  • a. user-centered design

  • b. user-centered decision

  • c. user-centered development

  • d. user-centric development

Question 8

Which one is NOT related with affinity diagram method

Choices:

  • a. display ideas

  • b. initiate ideas

  • c. create group header

Question 9

Identification of data structures and algorithms for different modules is done on the ____________ phase of code design.

Choices:

  • a. Preliminary (high-level design)

  • b. Detailed design

Question 10

**Human interface guidelines for the apple systems are the ________ design guidelines.

Generic

Specific**

Choices:

  • a. Generic

  • b. Specific

Quiz: Week 4: Assignment 4

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Norman’s Model of Interaction represents behavior of a user of interactive systems in terms of a series of _________.

Choices:

  • a. actions

  • b. selection

  • c. manipulation

Question 2

In the Interactive system development life cycle, what is the purpose of the Empirical Study stage?

Choices:

  • a. To gather initial user requirements

  • b. To create and refine prototypes

  • c. To test the system's usability with respect to the end users

  • d. None of the above

Question 3

According to Shneiderman, why is it important to reduce short-term memory load in interface design?

Choices:

  • a. To make the interface visually appealing

  • b. To make the system easier to learn and use

  • c. To increase the complexity of the tasks

  • d. All of the above

Question 4

Which concept refers to the gap between the user's intentions and the actions supported by the interface?

Choices:

  • a. Gulf of execution

  • b. Gulf of evaluation

  • c. Evaluation cycle

  • d. Execution cycle

Question 5

Particularly in the context of errors during interaction is explained in terms of slips and ______.

Choices:

  • a. error

  • b. mistakes

  • c. human error

Question 6

Perceive system state comes under the _______ stage of interaction.

Choices:

  • a. execution

  • b. design

  • c. evaluation

  • d. interaction

Question 7

Simplifying the structure of tasks is one of the principles in Norman's model of interaction.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 8

High fidelity prototypes often involve complex programming and sophisticated interactions

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 9

Paper mock-ups are the example of __________ prototype.

Choices:

  • a. Low fidelity

  • b. High fidelity

  • c. Medium fidelity

Question 10

In this technique, a human subject believes to interact with an autonomous computer. But, In reality, however, the computer is operated by an “unseen” human being. This technique is called________ approach.

Choices:

  • a. Medium fidelity

  • b. Vertical

  • c. Wizard of Oz

  • d. Incremental

Quiz: Week 5: Assignment 5

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Which one from the following is not a valid Jacob Nielson’s 10 heuristics

Choices:

  • a. User control and error correction

  • b. Help and documentation

  • c. Consistency and standards

Question 2

Figma is a prototype design tool

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 3

Which are from the following are the valid prototype evaluation methods

Choices:

  • a. Cognitive walkthrough

  • b. Affinity diagram

  • c. Heuristic evaluation

Question 4

Post session questionnaire SUS consist of _____ statement

Choices:

  • a. 3

  • b. 5

  • c. 7

  • d. 10

Question 5

Post task questionnaire ASQ consist of _____ statement

Choices:

  • a. 3

  • b. 5

  • c. 7

  • d. 10

Question 6

What is the full form of SUS

Choices:

  • a. Software usability score

  • b. Software usability scale

  • c. System usability score

  • d. System usability scale

Question 7

Full form of ASQ is ___________________.

Choices:

  • a. After-Scenario Questionnaire

  • b. After-Sequence Questionnaire

  • c. Another Session Questionnaire

Question 8

Feedbacks taken from open-ended questions are always reliable.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 9

For expert evaluation, an evaluation team of 3-5 members is necessary.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 10

In a heuristic evaluation, the items in the checklist are called __________.

Choices:

  • a. checkbox

  • b. heuristics

  • c. usability issues

  • d. problems

Quiz: Week 6: Assignment 6

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Good design

Choices:

  • a. Coverage

  • b. Correctness

  • c. Understandability

  • d. Colorful

Question 2

ERD was proposed by Peter Chen in the year

Choices:

  • a. 1967

  • b. 1986

  • c. 1976

Question 3

In DFD, the data stores are first shown at

Choices:

  • a. Level 0 (context diagram)

  • b. Level 1 (overview diagram)

  • c. Level 1 (detailed diagram)

Question 4

In a DFD data can flow from external entity to data store

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 5

What is the full form of the DFD?

Choices:

  • a. Data flow design

  • b. Data flow decision

  • c. Data flow development

  • d. Data flow diagram

Question 6

If all functions perform similar operations, it falls under ________ cohesion.

Choices:

  • a. Logical

  • b. Temporal

  • c. Procedural

  • d. Sequential

Question 7

If two modules share code, it falls under __________ coupling.

Choices:

  • a. Data

  • b. Control

  • c. Content

Question 8

There are two basic design approaches: function oriented and _______ oriented.

Choices:

  • a. Logic

  • b. Folder

  • c. Object

  • d. Class

Question 9

Basic components of ER diagram are: Entity, _____ and Relationship

Choices:

  • a. Object

  • b. User

  • c. Attribute

  • d. Class

Question 10

There are four types of relationships in ER diagram: one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one and _______.

Choices:

  • a. Many-to-binary

  • b. Many-to-many

  • c. Binary-to-many

  • d. Binary-to-one

Quiz: Week 7: Assignment 7

Questions and Answers

Question 1

A class can have an association relationship with itself

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 2

UML supports ______________ views of a system

Choices:

  • a. 3

  • b. 5

  • c. 7

  • d. 9

Question 3

What is the full form of the OOP?

Choices:

  • a. Object oriented planning

  • b. Object oriented processing

  • c. Object oriented programming

Question 4

In object-oriented design, operations is also called _____. Which is/are of the following is true.

Choices:

  • a. method

  • b. member function

  • c. member process

  • d. member procedure

Question 5

What is the full form of UML?

Choices:

  • a. Universal Modeling Language

  • b. Object oriented processing

  • c. Unified Modelling Language

Question 6

________ objects normally hold information (e.g. book, book registers etc).

Choices:

  • a. Boundary

  • b. Controller

  • c. Entity

Question 7

Implementation view can be captured using ________.

Choices:

  • a. Deployment diagram

  • b. Component diagram

  • c. Class diagram

  • d. Use case diagram

Question 8

UML is a design methodology

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 9

________ effectively denotes the behavior of class.

Choices:

  • a. Data

  • b. Operations

  • c. Objects

  • d. Attributes

Question 10

A class contains attributes and ___________.

Choices:

  • a. Data

  • b. Operations

  • c. Object

Quiz: Week 8: Assignment 8

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Following standard coding guidelines helps to improve _______.

Choices:

  • a. Readability only

  • b. Understandability only

  • c. Teamwork only

  • d. Readability, understandability, and teamwork

Question 2

A function should have no longer than _____ lines of code.

Choices:

  • a. 5

  • b. 16

  • c. 10

  • d. 8

Question 3

What are some things to avoid when writing code? (Choose all that apply)

Choices:

  • a. Using lengthy functions

  • b. Using the same identifier for multiple purposes

  • c. Using ‘goto’ (branching) statements indiscriminately

  • d. Using proper indentation

Question 4

Two broad categories of code testing methods are review-based method and __________ method.

Choices:

  • a. Manual testing

  • b. Execution-based

Question 5

White-box testing refers to designing test cases using knowledge of internal structure of the software.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 6

What are the two common methods for review-based testing? (Choose all that apply)

Choices:

  • a. Code inspection

  • b. Code walkthrough

  • c. Unit testing

Question 7

Code walkthrough allows to quickly identify logical errors

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 8

Uninitialized variable is one of the common errors in programming that can be identified through code inspection

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 9

How many members should be present in a code walkthrough team?

Choices:

  • a. 2-3 members

  • b. 3-5 members

  • c. 5-7 members

  • d. 7-10 members

Question 10

Test suite is a set of all test cases with which a given software is to be tested.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Quiz: Week 9: Assignment 9

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Functional testing is related to

Choices:

  • a. Black-box testing

  • b. White-box testing

Question 2

Main approaches to design test cases are

Choices:

  • a. Equivalence class partitioning

  • b. Equivalence value partitioning

  • c. Boundary object analysis

  • d. Boundary value analysis

Question 3

In Black-box testing, the test cases are based on

Choices:

  • a. input

  • b. knowledge of design

  • c. output

  • d. knowledge of code

Question 4

Test cases designed using knowledge of internal structure of software are for

Choices:

  • a. Black-box testing

  • b. White-box testing

Question 5

Review based testing is good for early evaluation to ‘clean up’ the code before more rigorous and formal testing is done.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 6

Which is/are from the following are valid review based testing

Choices:

  • a. Code walkthrough

  • b. Code inspection

  • c. Code analysis

  • d. Code assessment

Question 7

Programmers may improperly use < instead of <= or conversely <= for < in his/her code. This is an example of _______.

Choices:

  • a. Equivalence problem

  • b. Boundary value problem

Question 8

Set of all test cases with which a given software is to be tested is known as ________.

Choices:

  • a. Testcase

  • b. Test suite

Question 9

Testing code with any _____ value(s) of an equivalence class is as good as testing with ALL input values belonging to that class.

Choices:

  • a. One

  • b. Two

  • c. Five

  • d. Four

Question 10

In black box testing, domain of input values partitioned into sets, each sets are called _________.

Choices:

  • a. Partition class

  • b. Equivalence class

  • c. Program class

Quiz: Week 10: Assignment 10

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Friendly customers are recruited for

Choices:

  • a. Alpha testing

  • b. Beta testing

  • c. Acceptance testing

Question 2

To do a white-box testing, knowledge of internal structure is required

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 3

To understand white-box testing strategies, program (flow) visualization helps. To visualize the program we can take help of ________.

Choices:

  • a. CFG

  • b. DFG

  • c. ERG

  • d. Class diagram

Question 4

To construct a CFG we assign numbers to all statements of the program, create a node in the CFG for each numbered statement and_____________.

Choices:

  • a. Complement the CFG

  • b. Add edges

  • c. Sort the nodes

Question 5

Branch coverage guarantees statement coverage.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 6

In path coverage, test cases should ensure all __________ in the code executed at least once

Choices:

  • a. Linearly independent paths

  • b. Linearly dependent paths

Question 7

To compute cyclomatic complexity, we can use ___________, where E=number of edges, N=number of nodes

Choices:

  • a. E-N+2

  • b. E-N+1

  • c. E+N-2

  • d. E+N-1

Question 8

There are _____ stages of empirical research.

Choices:

  • a. Three

  • b. Four

  • c. Five

  • d. Six

Question 9

Data we get from observation is ________ data.

Choices:

  • a. Reflective

  • b. Empirical

  • c. Authoritative

  • d. Experiential

Question 10

What is the full form of CFG?

Choices:

  • a. Code Free Graph

  • b. Code Flow Graph

  • c. Control Flow Graph

  • d. Control Free Graph

Quiz: Week 11: Assignment 11

Questions and Answers

Question 1

When we perform a controlled experiment to collect and analyze data on user behavior, the entire process is known as __________.

Choices:

  • a. programmable research

  • b. hypothetical research

  • c. empirical research

  • d. theoretical research

Question 2

There are broadly _____ stages of empirical research?

Choices:

  • a. two

  • b. three

  • c. four

  • d. five

Question 3

Suppose we formed two research questions: RQ1: Is the new technique good? RQ2: Does the new interface let me enter text “faster” than MS Word? We call RQ3 ________ and RQ1 as _______.

Choices:

  • a. testable, non-testable

  • b. alternative hypothesis

Question 4

When we form a hypothesis, essentially stating that the test condition is not going to affect the outcome (judgment). This hypothesis is called _________.

Choices:

  • a. null hypothesis

  • b. alternative hypothesis

Question 5

In _______, we assign some (arbitrary) codes to attributes of observational data

Choices:

  • a. nominal

  • b. ordinal

  • c. interval

  • d. ratio

Question 6

Recording data from a thermometer is an example of interval scaled data.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 7

__________ are variables that influence both the independent and dependent variables in a study, potentially leading to incorrect conclusions about the relationship between the two.

Choices:

  • a. Dependant variables

  • b. Inependant variables

  • c. Confounding variables

  • d. Control variables

Question 8

For any pilot study (or small-scale studies), 5 is probably a good number.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 9

To draw reliable conclusions from empirical data, we should use between _____ and _____ participants

Choices:

  • a. 1, 5

  • b. 2, 5

  • c. 12, 25

  • d. 10, 12

Question 10

When we distribute the tasks to participants in the way explained above, we call the study as __________.

Choices:

  • a. between-subject

  • b. within-subject

  • c. uni-subject

  • d. center-subject

Quiz: Week 12: Assignment 12

Questions and Answers

Question 1

With the significance test, we try to _______ the null hypothesis.

Choices:

  • a. Accept

  • b. Refute

Question 2

Type I error is also known as __________.

Choices:

  • a. False positive

  • b. False negative

  • c. True positive

  • d. True negative

Question 3

t-statistic is the ONLY way to test for statistical significance

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 4

There are broadly two categories of the techniques for significance test: ______ and _______.

Choices:

  • a. Parametric and Non-parametric

  • b. t-test and non t-test

Question 5

Project planning involves estimation of Project size, Cost, Duration and Effort.

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 6

COCOMO stands for ________.

Choices:

  • a. Conducive Cost Estimation Model

  • b. Constructive Cost Estimation Model

  • c. Constructive Category Estimation Model

  • d. Conducive Category Estimation Model

Question 7

According to Boehm, software cost estimation should be done through ________ stages.

Choices:

  • a. Two

  • b. Three

  • c. Four

  • d. Five

Question 8

Agile development ensure quick turn-around of projects

Choices:

  • a. True

  • b. False

Question 9

Scrum is a _______ method.

Choices:

  • a. Traditional SDLC

  • b. Agile

Question 10

In a gantt chart the length is proportional to _______ for activity

Choices:

  • a. duration planned

  • b. effort

  • c. cost

Raw
organizational behaviour.md
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Organizational Behaviour
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Practice: Week 0 : Assignment 0

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Which field can be called as the mother of Organizational behaviour?

Choices:

  • Anthropology

  • Economics

  • Industrial Psychology

  • Law

Correct Answer: Industrial Psychology

Question 2

Which of the following are core aspects of Organizational Behaviour?

Choices:

  • Individual Behavioural Dynamics

  • Interpersonal and Group Dynamics

  • Organizational Dynamics

  • All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above

Question 3

Who are the potential beneficiaries of a course in Organizational Behaviour?

Choices:

  • HR Professionals

  • Management Students

  • Psychology students

  • All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above

Question 4

It is important to understand human behaviour in general to understand their behaviour in workplace.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 5

Perception, learning and personality are attributes of Individual Behavioural Dynamics.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 6

The process of giving meaning to sensory stimuli through organizing and interpreting is called:

Choices:

  • Sensation

  • Perception

  • Sublimation

  • Organization

Correct Answer: Perception

Question 7

Organizational structure is a part of Interpersonal and Group dynamics.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 8

People differ in their level of trustworthiness.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 9

Perception is highly objective.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 10

More output for less input or being able to provide optimal output for a given input is called:

Choices:

  • Effectiveness

  • Productivity

  • Efficiency

  • Motivation

Correct Answer: Efficiency

Practice: Week 1 : Assignment (Non Graded)

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Out of the following which one is a behaviour

Choices:

  • Thinking

  • Sneezing

  • dreaming

  • all of the above

Correct Answer: all of the above

Question 2

The major contribution of psychology in the world wars is in the area of

Choices:

  • War strategy

  • Mass recruitment of soldiers

  • Weapons training

  • None of the above

Correct Answer: Mass recruitment of soldiers

Question 3

The Major criticism on the Scientific Management Theory was

Choices:

  • Treating humans as machines

  • doing experiments on humans

  • Complicated theory

  • all of the above

Correct Answer: Treating humans as machines

Question 4

The first set of Hawthorne studies was conducted to understand

Choices:

  • The Effect of duration of work hours on employee performance

  • The effect of lighting on employee performance

  • The effect of ventilation on employee performance

  • None of the above

Correct Answer: The effect of lighting on employee performance

Question 5

The key limitation with time and motion studies are:

Choices:

  • They are done under ideal conditions which cannot be generalized

  • The methodology adopted is no valid

  • It is unethical to conduct research on humans

  • None of the above

Correct Answer: They are done under ideal conditions which cannot be generalized

Quiz: Week 1 : Assignment 1

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Response of the organism or system to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, voluntary or involuntary is called:

Choices:

  • Organization

  • Behaviour

  • Resource

  • Productivity

Correct Answer: Behaviour

Question 2

Hawthorne experiments were a set of experiments conducted to study the impact of assembly line on the health of the workers.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 3

The social expectation on an individual is called:

Choices:

  • Role

  • Designation

  • Job

  • Task

Correct Answer: Role

Question 4

Which of the following is not an organization?

Choices:

  • TATA Steels

  • UNICEF

  • Facebook Inc.

  • Germany

Correct Answer: Germany

Question 5

More output for less input or being able to provide optimal output for a given input is called:

Choices:

  • Effectiveness

  • Productivity

  • Efficiency

  • Motivation

Correct Answer: Efficiency

Question 6

Which field can be called as the mother of Organizational behaviour?

Choices:

  • Anthropology

  • Economics

  • Industrial Psychology

  • Law

Correct Answer: Industrial Psychology

Question 7

In an experiment, the group in which you make no changes is called the:

Choices:

  • Experimental Group

  • Focus Group

  • Control Group

  • Target Group

Correct Answer: Control Group

Question 8

The assembly line of production was first introduced by Henry Ford.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 9

The scientific management movement was pioneered by:

Choices:

  • Walter Dill Scott

  • Edward K Strong Jr.

  • Hugo Munsterberg

  • Frederick W Taylor

Correct Answer: Frederick W Taylor

Question 10

The process of breaking down the entire job into specific tasks and see how each of these tasks are performed and how much time on an average a person will take to finish it is called:

Choices:

  • Time and Motion Study

  • Workplace management

  • Job Profile

  • Productivity

Correct Answer: Time and Motion Study

Practice: Week 2 : Assignment (Non Graded)

Questions and Answers

Question 1

All perceptions are subjective in nature

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 2

Prior Learning plays an important role in perceptual selection

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 3

The social perception does not involve integrating information collected

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 4

According to the casual attribution theory, the extent to which other people behave in the same manner as the person we are judging is called as Consensus

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 5

A belief that all members of specific groups share similar traits and are prone to behave the same way is called as stereotyping

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Quiz: Week 2 : Assignment 2

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Perception is highly objective.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 2

There are many women at the bottom and middle level management roles but only a very few make it to the top. This is due to:

Choices:

  • Impression Management techniques

  • Golem effect

  • Pygmalion effect

  • Glass-ceiling effect

Correct Answer: Glass-ceiling effect

Question 3

The process of giving meaning to sensory stimuli through organizing and interpreting is called:

Choices:

  • Sensation

  • Perception

  • Sublimation

  • Organization

Correct Answer: Perception

Question 4

Which of the following is an internal factor that influence the principles of perceptual selection?

Choices:

  • Contrast

  • Repetition

  • Motion

  • Habit

Correct Answer: Habit

Question 5

Question 5

In the above picture, we tend to see columns of dots due to a perceptual grouping effect called:

Choices:

  • Similarity

  • Proximity

  • Continuity

  • Symmetry

Correct Answer: Proximity

Question 6

Question 6

In the above image, one can still perceive the opening door to be of a rectangle shape due to:

Choices:

  • Figure-Ground Perception

  • Optical Illusions

  • Perceptual Constancy

  • Social Perception

Correct Answer: Perceptual Constancy

Question 7

The process through which individuals attempt to determine the causes behind others’ behaviour is called attribution.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 8

According to Kelley’s theory of causal attribution, the extent to which other people behave in the same manner as the person we are judging is called:

Choices:

  • Consensus

  • Consistency

  • Distinctiveness

  • Identity

Correct Answer: Consensus

Question 9

The tendency to attribute others’ action to internal causes while largely ignoring external factors is called:

Choices:

  • Halo effect

  • Team-Halo effect

  • Fundamental attribution error

  • Similar-to-me effect

Correct Answer: Fundamental attribution error

Question 10

The word “Carpenter” immediately brings in to memory the image of a male individual rather than a female individual. This is an example of a job stereotype.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Practice: Week 3 : Assignment (Non Graded)

Questions and Answers

Question 1

According to psychology, personality has a strong influence on human behavior

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 2

Psychoanalytic theory believes in the role of learning in the development of personality

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 3

Employees with high self-esteem are very dominating over others

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 4

Personality styles can also be called as personality types

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 5

Machiavellianistic individuals willingly manipulate others for their own benefit

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Quiz: Week 3 : Assignment 3

Questions and Answers

Question 1

In Johari’s Window model of self-awareness, the part of the self which is not known to ourselves, but others know is called:

Choices:

  • Open

  • Blind

  • Hidden

  • Unknown

Correct Answer: Blind

Question 2

The meaning of the Latin word ‘Persona’ from which the word Personality arises is:

Choices:

  • Behaviour

  • Mask

  • Thought

  • Person

Correct Answer: Mask

Question 3

Many psychologists argue that one’s personality can be changed over a period of time because those qualities are formed because of social factors.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 4

According to Big Five Personality Theory, people who like to experiment and try and find out new things and are less judgmental about people of other cultures are high on:

Choices:

  • Adjustment

  • Agreeableness

  • Conscientiousness

  • Intellectual Openness

Correct Answer: Intellectual Openness

Question 5

According to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the deepest level of consciousness is:

Choices:

  • Subconscious

  • Conscious state

  • Unconscious

  • Awareness

Correct Answer: Unconscious

Question 6

According to Sigmund Freud, reality principle is followed by:

Choices:

  • Id

  • Super Ego

  • Dream

  • Ego

Correct Answer: Ego

Question 7

In social learning theory, the withdrawal of something which somebody likes to strengthen a behaviour is called:

Choices:

  • Negative Reinforcement

  • Positive Reinforcement

  • Reward

  • Punishment

Correct Answer: Negative Reinforcement

Question 8

The main proponent of Self Theory was:

Choices:

  • Sigmund Freud

  • Albert Bandura

  • Carl Rogers

  • B.F. Skinner

Correct Answer: Carl Rogers

Question 9

Employees with high self-esteem are more ready to take responsibilities.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 10

People with _______ locus of control believe that others control their life and whatever happens in their life is because of outside factors.

Choices:

  • Internal

  • External

Correct Answer: External

Practice: Week 4 : Assignment (Non Graded)

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Learning involves change in behavior

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 2

According to the operant conditioning theory, punishment is a form of negative reinforcement

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 3

Cognitive maps are the internal representation of the external world

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 4

Values are fewer in number than attitudes

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 5

Supportive colleagues can contribute to job satisfaction

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Quiz: Week 4 : Assignment 4

Questions and Answers

Question 1

__________ are evaluative statements towards objects, people or events.

Choices:

  • Learning

  • Attitudes

  • Memory

  • Personality

Correct Answer: Attitudes

Question 2

A relatively permanent change in behaviour occurring as a result of experience is called:

Choices:

  • Thinking

  • Sensation

  • Learning

  • Prejudice

Correct Answer: Learning

Question 3

Providing more information can lead to change in attitude.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 4

In Pavlov’s Dog experiment, the food presented which makes the dog salivate is:

Choices:

  • Unconditional stimulus

  • Unconditional response

  • Conditioned stimulus

  • Conditioned response

Correct Answer: Unconditional stimulus

Question 5

In Operant conditioning, the process through which the responses that are no longer reinforced tend to gradually diminish in strength is called:

Choices:

  • Positive reinforcement

  • Negative Reinforcement

  • Punishment

  • Extinction

Correct Answer: Extinction

Question 6

After watching a Dance TV show, a kid starts to make dance moves. This is an example of:

Choices:

  • Operant conditioning

  • Classical conditioning

  • Observational learning

  • Negative Reinforcement

Correct Answer: Observational learning

Question 7

Opinion is primarily _______ in nature.

Choices:

  • Affective

  • Cognitive

  • Behavioural

  • Unconscious

Correct Answer: Cognitive

Question 8

The intensity of an attitude or the magnitude/degree of its favorableness is called

Choices:

  • Multiplexity

  • Relation to need

  • Centrality

  • Valence

Correct Answer: Valence

Question 9

When people do not provide honest answers to certain questions because they feel that it is not right to give those answers, it is called:

Choices:

  • Social Loafing

  • Fatigue

  • Social Desirability Effect

  • Sampling

Correct Answer: Social Desirability Effect

Question 10

Uncomfortable tension which comes from holding two conflicting thoughts in the mind at the same time is called Cognitive Dissonance.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Practice: Week 5 : Assignment (Non Graded)

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Feelings based on information external to themselves is called self-conscious emotions

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 2

Emotional labour is part of most service sector jobs

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 3

Using aggression as a tool to achieve something is called threat based aggression

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 4

Stress can also result due to positive life experiences

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 5

Low levels of stimulation can also lead to stress

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Quiz: Week 5 : Assignment 5

Questions and Answers

Question 1

The stress which happens because of positive incidences is called:

Choices:

  • Distress

  • Eustress

  • Hypo-stress

  • Hyper work stress

Correct Answer: Eustress

Question 2

An unfocused, relatively mild feeling that exists as background to our daily experience is called:

Choices:

  • Behaviour

  • Perception

  • Mood

  • Envy

Correct Answer: Mood

Question 3

The psychological effort involved in holding back one’s true emotions is called:

Choices:

  • Emotional dissonance

  • Emotional labor

  • Emotional Attachment

  • Temperament

Correct Answer: Emotional labor

Question 4

When John failed his driving license test, he starts to remember how his friends used to tease him saying he was not a good driver. This is an example of:

Choices:

  • Work-family spillover effect

  • Emotional dissonance

  • Empathy

  • Mood congruence effect

Correct Answer: Mood congruence effect

Question 5

Threat-based aggression can stem from both a real stimulus or a perceived stimulus.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 6

___________ is when you have a goal and you are moving towards that goal and you feel that something or someone is stopping you from reaching that goal.

Choices:

  • Threat-based aggression

  • Instrumental aggression

  • Irritable aggression

  • Frustration-based aggression

Correct Answer: Frustration-based aggression

Question 7

Fear of being rejected is one of the main reasons that make people non-assertive.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 8

The feeling of completely tired and exhausted when you are stressed for a very long time accompanied by lack of meaning is called:

Choices:

  • Burnout

  • Absenteeism

  • Hypo stress

  • Alarm-reaction

Correct Answer: Burnout

Question 9

What are the behavioural symptoms of stress?

Choices:

  • Low productivity

  • Interpersonal conflicts

  • Suicidal tendencies

  • All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above

Question 10

__________ is a mild form of hate.

Choices:

  • Guilt

  • Humiliation

  • Resentment

  • Shame

Correct Answer: Resentment

Practice: Week 6 : Assignment (Non Graded)

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Primary motives are physiological in nature

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 2

Employees are driven only by financial rewards

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 3

According to Herzberg’s theory working conditions fall under motivators

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 4

Sense of equity is a powerful motivator at work place

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 5

Motivation theories which describe the factors which motivate employees are called as content theories

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Quiz: Week 6 : Assignment 6

Questions and Answers

Question 1

___________ is the willingness of a person to put high levels of efforts to reach a goal.

Choices:

  • Emotions

  • Motivation

  • Frustration

  • Incentives

Correct Answer: Motivation

Question 2

The need to be part of a group is categorized as:

Choices:

  • Achievement motive

  • Affiliation motive

  • Power motive

  • Role conflict

Correct Answer: Affiliation motive

Question 3

Money is a form of extrinsic motivation.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 4

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the highest level of needs one can achieve is:

Choices:

  • Self-actualization

  • Social Needs

  • Esteem needs

  • Safety needs

Correct Answer: Self-actualization

Question 5

According to Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation, pay and security provided by a job is a Motivator.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 6

In Alderfer’s ERG theory of motivation, R stands for

Choices:

  • Reputation

  • Regression

  • Resilience

  • Relatedness

Correct Answer: Relatedness

Question 7

____________ means that employees feel that the organization treats its employees in a fair manner and a just way.

Choices:

  • Intra-personal conflict.

  • Self-esteem

  • Power motive

  • Organizational Justice Climate

Correct Answer: Organizational Justice Climate

Question 8

__________ is when you are moving towards a certain goal, but certain barriers are stopping you from achieving that goal.

Choices:

  • Goal conflict

  • Role conflict

  • Frustration

  • Satisfaction

Correct Answer: Frustration

Question 9

One of the drawbacks of using money as a motivator is that it can reduce extra-role performance.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 10

John had applied for several jobs after graduation. One day he received a job offer from Tata Motors and Mahindra Group, both of which he loved to work. The conflict Mr. John is facing in selecting one job is called:

Choices:

  • Role Conflict

  • Approach-avoidance conflict

  • Approach-approach conflict

  • Avoidance-avoidance conflict

Correct Answer: Approach-approach conflict

Practice: Week 7 : Assignment (Non Graded)

Questions and Answers

Question 1

Treating the common resources responsibly is called civic virtue.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Quiz: Week 7 : Assignment 7

Questions and Answers

Question 1

When each party involved in a task tries to maximize its own gains, often at the expense of others, it is called:

Choices:

  • Cooperation

  • Interdependency

  • Competition

  • None of the above

Correct Answer: Competition

Question 2

The degree of confidence we have on others in a relationship is called:

Choices:

  • Transactional contract

  • Relational contract

  • Trust

  • Norms

Correct Answer: Trust

Question 3

The kind of psychological contract that focuses on long-term interaction and a widely defined relationship is called relational contract.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 4

The type of trust that is established based on the credibility of a person, for e.g., trusting the doctor:

Choices:

  • Trust based on familiarity

  • Swift trust

  • Trust based on similarity

  • Trust based on social networks

Correct Answer: Swift trust

Question 5

The characteristic of being and respectful towards others is:

Choices:

  • Conscientiousness

  • Sportsmanship

  • Civic virtue

  • Courtesy

Correct Answer: Courtesy

Question 6

Treating the common resources responsibly is called

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 7

__________ is helping without expecting anything in return.

Choices:

  • Altruism

  • Competition

  • Cooperation

  • Conscientiousness

Correct Answer: Altruism

Question 8

Disagreements on strategy and sharing of responsibility and resources is called:

Choices:

  • Relational conflict

  • Task conflict

  • Process conflict

  • Avoiding

Correct Answer: Process conflict

Question 9

People who focus on maximizing the joint outcomes of everyone involved are called:

Choices:

  • Competitors

  • Cooperators

  • Individualists

  • Equalizers

Correct Answer: Cooperators

Question 10

Which conflict handling style is best for both the parties involved?

Choices:

  • Competing

  • Avoiding

  • Accommodating

  • Collaborating

Correct Answer: Collaborating

Quiz: Week 8 : Assignment 8

Questions and Answers

Question 1

The communication style that is supportive and avoids change and confrontation is called:

Choices:

  • Animated communication style

  • Driver communication style

  • Amiable communication style

  • Analytical communication style

Correct Answer: Amiable communication style

Question 2

In communication, the process of converting a message into symbols is called:

Choices:

  • Message

  • Channel

  • Decoding

  • Encoding

Correct Answer: Encoding

Question 3

Any disturbance that interfere with the transmission, receipt or feedback of a message is called noise.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 4

The level of openness which exists in an organization which gives a certain level of comfort to its members is called:

Choices:

  • Common information effect

  • Hidden profile paradigm

  • Communication climate

  • Paralinguistic communication

Correct Answer: Communication climate

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a non-verbal mode of communication?

Choices:

  • Facial expressions

  • Pupil dilation

  • Gestures

  • None of the above

Correct Answer: None of the above

Question 6

The study of spatial inter-relationships is called:

Choices:

  • Kinesics

  • Proxemics

  • Silence

  • Symbols

Correct Answer: Proxemics

Question 7

Maintaining and distributing minutes of the meeting is helpful in reducing miscommunication in team meetings.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 8

When parts of some information are shared with the group members whereas other pieces of information are unshared, it gives rise to:

Choices:

  • Hidden profile paradigm

  • Awareness

  • Trust building

  • Minimizing status difference

Correct Answer: Hidden profile paradigm

Question 9

In information sharing scenario, the case that has to be avoided to reduce decision making problems is:

Choices:

  • Fully shared case

  • Non-overlapping case

  • Distributed partial overlap

  • All of the above

Correct Answer: Distributed partial overlap

Question 10

Most eastern cultures are comfortable with silence between conversations.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Quiz: Week 9 : Assignment 9

Questions and Answers

Question 1

The step in team decision making where the problem is defined and a consensus is arrived about what the problem is:

Choices:

  • Discussion

  • Implementation

  • Representativeness

  • Orientation

Correct Answer: Orientation

Question 2

Making the smallest response possible that will reduce the problem to at least a tolerable level is called __________ to decision making.

Choices:

  • Satisficing approach

  • Rational Approach

  • Incremental approach

  • Garbage-can approach

Correct Answer: Incremental approach

Question 3

Having a false sense of satisfaction even when problems start to show up is called:

Choices:

  • Complacency

  • Procrastination

  • Defensive avoidance

  • Panic

Correct Answer: Complacency

Question 4

Trying to put the responsibility for decision making on somebody else is called buck passing.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 5

The tendency to be influenced by an initial figure, even when the information is largely irrelevant is called:

Choices:

  • Availability bias

  • Overconfidence

  • Anchoring and adjustment bias

  • Representativeness

Correct Answer: Anchoring and adjustment bias

Question 6

The group’s emphasis on harmony and conformity leading to a wrong decision is called:

Choices:

  • Majority rule

  • Synergy

  • Risk taking in groups

  • Groupthink

Correct Answer: Groupthink

Question 7

Sunk costs can be recovered.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 8

Tendency to invest additional resources in an apparently losing proposition, influenced by effort, money and time already invested:

Choices:

  • Abilene Paradox

  • Delphi method

  • Escalation of commitment

  • Groupthink

Correct Answer: Escalation of commitment

Question 9

The tendency to make different decisions depending on how a problem is presented:

Choices:

  • Framing

  • Prospect theory

  • Representativeness

  • Bounded rationality

Correct Answer: Framing

Question 10

Finding a solution which is satisfactory than optimal is called satisficing approach to decision making.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Quiz: Week 10 : Assignment 10

Questions and Answers

Question 1

_________ is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically.

Choices:

  • Coercion

  • Behavioural change

  • Leadership

  • Authority

Correct Answer: Leadership

Question 2

The theory which states that the subordinates will be motivated to follow the leader only when they perceive that the leader can help them to fulfil their goals:

Choices:

  • Path-goal theory

  • Fiedler’s model

  • Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory

  • Trait theory

Correct Answer: Path-goal theory

Question 3

The source of power which is based on the capacity to administer punishment to others:

Choices:

  • Legitimate

  • Reward

  • Coercive

  • Expert

Correct Answer: Coercive

Question 4

Expert power is when you have certain abilities which nobody else has or is very rare.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 5

Information or skills one possesses, which cannot be recorded or measured is called:

Choices:

  • Empowerment

  • Referent power

  • Gossiping

  • Tacit knowledge

Correct Answer: Tacit knowledge

Question 6

The form of political behaviour exhibited when employees try to form a group based on common language they speak is:

Choices:

  • Impression management

  • Building coalitions

  • Blaming

  • Manipulating information flow

Correct Answer: Building coalitions

Question 7

While managers rely on control, leaders _________.

Choices:

  • Ask how and when

  • Focus on systems and structure

  • Accept status quo

  • Inspire trust

Correct Answer: Inspire trust

Question 8

The leadership style where the responsibilities are shared by all and can be very useful in businesses where creative ideas are very important:

Choices:

  • Autocratic

  • Laissez-Faire

  • Charismatic

  • Paternalistic

Correct Answer: Laissez-Faire

Question 9

Democratic leadership style encourages decision making from different perspectives.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 10

The ideal case in Blake Mouton Managerial Grid of Leadership style is:

Choices:

  • Country club

  • Impoverished

  • Produce or perish

  • Team Leader

Correct Answer: Team Leader

Quiz: Week 11 : Assignment 11

Questions and Answers

Question 1

A type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing and evaluating ideas.

Choices:

  • Groupthink

  • Instrumentality

  • Mundane task

  • Team cohesion

Correct Answer: Groupthink

Question 2

Airline attendant teams are an example of:

Choices:

  • Production teams

  • Service teams

  • Advisory teams

  • Management teams

Correct Answer: Service teams

Question 3

Groups are more cohesive than teams and groups are a subset of teams.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 4

Which of the following is the source of organizational culture?

Choices:

  • Selection practices

  • Actions of top management

  • Socialization methods

  • Founder’s vision/mission/attitudes

Correct Answer: Founder’s vision/mission/attitudes

Question 5

The stage of group development at which unwritten rules for teams are established:

Choices:

  • Norming

  • Storming

  • Forming

  • Adjourning

Correct Answer: Norming

Question 6

Taking advantage of other members in a group and claiming ownership for their work is called:

Choices:

  • Altruism

  • Groupthink

  • Freeriding

  • Synergy

Correct Answer: Freeriding

Question 7

Sometimes in teams, people may think that if they work more, other people will take advantage of them and give all the responsibilities to them. So it is better to decrease their performance. This phenomenon is called:

Choices:

  • De-individualization

  • Social loafing

  • Freeriding

  • Sucker aversion

Correct Answer: Sucker aversion

Question 8

Low trust among the team members can often lead to social loafing.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 9

Culture influences both the conscious and unconscious level of the mind.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 10

An organization in which its culture is driven by the motive for affiliation:

Choices:

  • Bureaucracy

  • Industrial Organization

  • Clubs

  • Educational Institutions

Correct Answer: Clubs

Quiz: Week 12 : Assignment 12

Questions and Answers

Question 1

A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole is called:

Choices:

  • System

  • Training

  • Rituals

  • Span of control

Correct Answer: System

Question 2

Revolutionary change happens slowly in an organization and on its own.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: False

Question 3

The formal system of task and authority relationships that control how people coordinate their actions and use resources to achieve organizational goals is called:

Choices:

  • Organizational structure

  • Organizational change

  • Cognitive biases

  • Resource allocation

Correct Answer: Organizational structure

Question 4

Indian Railways having different zones of operation like Southern Railways, Central Railway etc. is an example of:

Choices:

  • Horizontal differentiation

  • Vertical differentiation

  • Spatial differentiation

  • None of the above

Correct Answer: Spatial differentiation

Question 5

Defining employees’ roles through formal documentation is a part of formalization.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 6

___________ can provide more inputs into decision making and will help in reducing information overload.

Choices:

  • Centralization

  • Decentralization

  • Environmental uncertainty

  • None of the above

Correct Answer: Decentralization

Question 7

According to life-cycle perspective, the stage of organizational life cycle where the goals are ambiguous but there is a lot of creativity is called:

Choices:

  • Formalization-and-control stage

  • Collectivity stage

  • Elaboration-of-structure stage

  • Entrepreneurial stage

Correct Answer: Entrepreneurial stage

Question 8

The life-cycle perspective sees the organization as an organism.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

Question 9

Redesigning business processes to increase organizational effectiveness is called:

Choices:

  • Restructuring

  • Reengineering

  • Organizational Ethics

  • Downsizing

Correct Answer: Reengineering

Question 10

Closed systems differentiate too much from the larger system and have their own identity.

Choices:

  • True

  • False

Correct Answer: True

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