Install Ubuntu with debootstrap and chroot, without rebooting the host machine or using a iso

install-live.sh

#!/bin/bash
echo "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "This script builds a full operating system with debootstrap and chroot"
echo "To use this script, please mount an empty partition or alternate disk"
echo ""
echo "If you are using btrfs, and using subvolumes, mount the root subvolume explicity"
echo "Example: mount /dev/sdb1 /media/bootstrap -o subvol=@"
echo "Failure to do this will cause the script to break. It needs the root directory"
echo ""
echo "The script is specifically built for Ubuntu"
echo "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
sleep 1
echo "Starting"
echo "Location to work from? (Ex: /media/bootstrap) This must be a mounted empty partition or disk"
read startpoint
echo "Version of Ubuntu you wish to install? (Ex: trusty)"
read flavour

startpoint=${startpoint%/}

oldflavour=`lsb_release -cs`

apt-get install debootstrap
ln -s /usr/share/debootstrap/scripts/gutsy /usr/share/debootstrap/scripts/$flavour
debootstrap $flavour $startpoint

cd $startpoint

info=`mount | cut -f 1,3,5,6 -d ' ' | grep $startpoint`
info=(${info// / }) && device=${info[0]}  && part=${info[0]} && filesystem=${info[2]} && settings=${info[3]} 
ORIG=$IFS && IFS="/" && part=($part) && disk=${part[2]:0:3} && IFS=$ORIG
uuid=`blkid | sed -n "/${part[2]}/s/.*UUID=\"\([^\"]*\)\".*/\1/p"`
swap=`blkid | grep "swap" | sed -n "/$disk/s/.*UUID=\"\([^\"]*\)\".*/\1/p"`


if [ $filesystem == 'btrfs' ]; then
	echo "Found filesystem $filesystem"
	subvol=$(sed 's/.*subvol=\(.\).*/\1/g' <<< $settings)
	if [ -z "$subvol" ]; then
		echo "Could not find a subvolume, do you wish to continue? (y/n)"
		read reply
		if [ $reply != "y" ]; then
		    exit
		else 
			echo "Continuing"
		fi
	else
		echo "Found subvolume $subvol"
		extras="subvol=$subvol"
	fi
elif [ $filesystem == 'ntfs' ]; then
	echo "Found filesystem $filesystem"
	id=`grep plugdev $startpoint/etc/group | cut -f 3 -d ':'`
	extras="umask=007,gid=$id"
else
	echo "Found filesystem $filesystem"
fi

echo "Writing fstab"
if [ -z "$extras" ]; then
	extras="defaults"
else
	extras="defaults,$extras"
fi
echo "UUID=$uuid / $filesystem $extras 0 2" > $startpoint/etc/fstab
if [ -z "$swap" ]; then 
	echo "No swap partitions found"
else 
	echo "UUID=$swap none swap sw 0 0" >> $startpoint/etc/fstab
fi

echo "Setting up hosts"
echo "Please input the name you wish to use for this machine (Ex: bobs-pc)"
reply="" && read reply
if [ -z "$reply" ]; then
	echo $reply > $startpoint/etc/hostname
else 
	echo $flavour > $startpoint/etc/hostname
fi

echo "Setting up interfaces"
echo "Do you wish to copy your current interfaces? (only useful when not installing to a usb or external hdd) (y/n)"
reply="" && read reply
if [ $reply == "y" ]; then
	cp /etc/network/interfaces $startpoint/etc/network/interfaces
else 
	echo "auto lo" > $startpoint/etc/network/interfaces
	echo "iface lo inet loopback" >> $startpoint/etc/network/interfaces
fi

echo "Setting up sources"
cp /etc/apt/sources.list $startpoint/etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i "s/$oldflavour/$flavour/g" $startpoint/etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i "s/old-releases.ubuntu.com/archive.ubuntu.com/g" $startpoint/etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i "/security/s/archive.ubuntu.com/security.ubuntu.com/g" $startpoint/etc/apt/sources.list


echo "Prepping devices and mounting required systems"
for x in dev proc sys dev/pts ; do
	mount --bind /$x $startpoint/$x
done

echo "Updating repositories"
echo 'apt-get update && apt-get upgrade && apt-get install language-pack-en-base aptitude' > $startpoint/tmp/installer.sh
chroot $startpoint bash /tmp/installer.sh
chroot $startpoint dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

packages="fakeroot fakechroot cgmanager pm-utils debhelper libpam-ssh keychain monkeysphere rssh python-tk binutils libparted0-dev libparted0-i18n traceroute isoquery geoip-bin apparmor-profiles apparmor-utils cpp wamerican whois vacation dbus-x11 rblcheck groff apmd ssh-askpass openssh-server nano ubuntu-standard zip unzip rar unrar xz-utils iftop iotop htop wget util-linux tar sshfs screen rfkill resolvconf python-pip p7zip parted ngrep laptop-detect git btrfs-tools linux-firmware wpasupplicant iw wireless-tools htop curl build-essential"
echo "Do you wish to install desktop ubuntu? (y/n)"
reply="" && read reply
if [ $reply == "y" ]; then
	packages="$packages ubuntu-desktop"
fi
echo "Installing required packages, this will take a while"
chroot $startpoint aptitude install $packages

echo "Please enter your username"
echo "Leave this blank if you wish to copy usernames from the old system"
reply="" && read reply
if [ -z "$reply" ]; then
	echo "Adding user $user"
	chroot $startpoint adduser $reply sudo
else 
	echo "WARNING: You've chosen to skip adding a user"
fi

echo "Do you wish to install grub2? (bootmanager) (y/n)"
reply="" && read reply
if [ $reply == "y" ]; then
	echo "Installing Grub"
	chroot $startpoint aptitude install grub-pc linux-generic
	grub-install $disk
	update-grub
	echo "Make sure to check the grub.cfg for errors!"
else
	echo "Skipping Grub"
	chroot $startpoint aptitude install linux-generic
fi

echo "Do you want the wireless-wpa.sh script? (y/n)"
echo "  - It sets up and connects you to a wireless network from cli"
reply="" && read reply
if [ $reply == "y" ]; then
	wget 'https://gist.githubusercontent.com/KsaRedFx/2d92b7956dd5c23fc6e2/raw/wireless-wpa.sh' -o $startpoint/wireless-wpa.sh
else 
	echo "WARNING: You've chosen to skip the wireless script"
fi

echo "Do you wish to copy users and passwords over from the old machine? (y/n)"
reply="" && read reply
if [ $reply == "y" ]; then
	echo "Copying over users, groups, and passwords"
	UGIDLIMIT=1000
	workdir=$startpoint/tmp/passwd
	mkdir $workdir
	users=`awk -v LIMIT=$UGIDLIMIT -F: '($3>=LIMIT) && ($3!=65534)' /etc/passwd | grep /home/ | cut -f 1 -d ':'`
	awk -v LIMIT=$UGIDLIMIT -F: '($3>=LIMIT) && ($3!=65534)' /etc/passwd > $workdir/passwd.mig
	awk -v LIMIT=$UGIDLIMIT -F: '($3>=LIMIT) && ($3!=65534)' /etc/group > $workdir/group.mig
	awk -v LIMIT=$UGIDLIMIT -F: '($3>=LIMIT) && ($3!=65534) {print $1}' /etc/passwd | tee - | egrep -f - /etc/shadow > $workdir/shadow.mig
	cp /etc/gshadow $workdir/gshadow.mig
	mkdir $startpoint/etc/passwd.bak
	chroot $startpoint cp /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow /etc/passwd.bak/
	cd $workdir
	cat passwd.mig >> $startpoint/etc/passwd
	cat shadow.mig >> $startpoint/etc/shadow
	cat group.mig >> $startpoint/etc/group
	cp gshadow.mig $startpoint/etc/gshadow
	echo "Do you wish to copy homedir skeletons too? (y/n)"
	reply="" && read reply
	if [ $reply = "y" ]; then
		echo "Copying homedir skeletons"
		files=".ssh .irssi .bashrc .bash_history .render.py .litecoin .dogecoin .bitcoin .screenrc"
		for y in $files ; do
			rsync -rAXog /root/$y $startpoint/root/
		done
		for x in $users ; do
			mkdir $startpoint/home/$x
			for y in $files ; do
				rsync -rAXog /home/$x/$y $startpoint/home/$x/
			done
		done
	fi
fi

echo "Complete!"
echo ""
echo "Cleaning up"
rm $startpoint/installer.sh
echo "Unmounting required systems"
for x in dev/pts proc sys dev ; do
	umount $startpoint/$x
done
cd ~
echo "You may now unmount the device"
echo ""
echo "Installed $flavour to $device on disk $disk"
echo "Found filesystem $filesystem and subvolumes $subvol"
echo "Added the extra settings $extras"
echo ""