Basic Linux Commands

0_basics.sh

# http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux/usersguide
# http://www.tecmint.com/20-advanced-commands-for-linux-experts/

man ls # format and display the on-line manual pages

pwd # print working directory

cd new_directory # change current directory to new_directory
cd ~ # Move to the user's home directory which is "/home/username". The '~' indicates the users home directory.
cd # same as cd ~
cd .. # Move to the parent directory of the current directory.
cd . # Stay in the current directory, can be useful if you want to reload some ENV variable (exemple: if you have a .rvmrc)

ls # list directory contents

touch # create a new file or change the modification times

# Be careful with this command
rm # remove a file 
rm -r # remove directories and their contents recursively
rm * # delete all files in the current directory

mkdir -- make directories
rmdir -- remove directories

cp # copy file
cp -r # copy directory

mv # move files or directory

cat/more/less # file perusal filter (use to read output of cmd or a file)

tail # display tail of a file or output
head # display tail of a file or output

grep
find
locate # locate a file

history # history

ps # list processus
kill # kill processus

emacs / nano / vim / vi # text editor

which # locate a program file in the user's path

chmod # change permission of a file or directory
chown # change owner of a file or directory

date # display current date
cal # display calendar

export # use to set environment variable (as EDITOR)

ssh # connect to distant server

scp # copy file to or from distant server

crontab # list cron list

1_advanced.sh

# Source : http://www.tecmint.com/20-advanced-commands-for-middle-level-linux-users/

# ssh-tunnel
sshfs user@host:/path/to/directory /path/to/mount_folder
umount /path/to/mount_folder

# mount a disk or usb key
mount

# start/stop/reload linux services as apache, nginx, mysql, ...
service # same as /etc/init.d/

# put this in ~/.bash_rc to get alias for commands
alias ls="ls -G"
alias la="la -lAh"

# overwrite a file
echo > 

# write at end of file
echo >>

# make links between files
ln

# pipe the output of first command
cmd1 | cmd2

# configuration of network
ifconfig

# display Linux processes
top

# Report disk usages of file system
df

# Estimate file space usage (in current directory)
du

# Download file, handle HTTP, HTTPS, FTP protocols and HTTP proxies.
wget

# make http request (GET, POST, ...)
curl

# ping a server
ping

# shortcut
CTRL + R # search for already executed commands
CTRL + F || CTRL + V # next page when using less
CTRL + B || CTRL + U  # previous page when using less

# Tar a file or folder or detar it
tar

# same as tar but with zip files
zip / unzip

# create list of arguments
xargs

# shutdown the system
shutdown
reboot
halt
poweroff