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MVKozlov/DetectSsd.cs

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DetectSsd.cs
using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
namespace DetectSsd
{
public class Program
{
// For CreateFile to get handle to drive
private const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
private const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
private const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001;
private const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;
private const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3;
private const uint FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL = 0x00000080;
// CreateFile to get handle to drive
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern SafeFileHandle CreateFileW(
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
string lpFileName,
uint dwDesiredAccess,
uint dwShareMode,
IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes,
uint dwCreationDisposition,
uint dwFlagsAndAttributes,
IntPtr hTemplateFile);
// For control codes
private const uint FILE_DEVICE_MASS_STORAGE = 0x0000002d;
private const uint IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE = FILE_DEVICE_MASS_STORAGE;
private const uint FILE_DEVICE_CONTROLLER = 0x00000004;
private const uint IOCTL_SCSI_BASE = FILE_DEVICE_CONTROLLER;
private const uint METHOD_BUFFERED = 0;
private const uint FILE_ANY_ACCESS = 0;
private const uint FILE_READ_ACCESS = 0x00000001;
private const uint FILE_WRITE_ACCESS = 0x00000002;
private static uint CTL_CODE(uint DeviceType, uint Function,
uint Method, uint Access)
{
return ((DeviceType << 16) | (Access << 14) |
(Function << 2) | Method);
}
// For DeviceIoControl to check no seek penalty
private const uint StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty = 7;
private const uint PropertyStandardQuery = 0;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY
{
public uint PropertyId;
public uint QueryType;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 1)]
public byte[] AdditionalParameters;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR
{
public uint Version;
public uint Size;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public bool IncursSeekPenalty;
}
// DeviceIoControl to check no seek penalty
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "DeviceIoControl",
SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool DeviceIoControl(
SafeFileHandle hDevice,
uint dwIoControlCode,
ref STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY lpInBuffer,
uint nInBufferSize,
ref DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR lpOutBuffer,
uint nOutBufferSize,
out uint lpBytesReturned,
IntPtr lpOverlapped);
// For DeviceIoControl to check nominal media rotation rate
private const uint ATA_FLAGS_DATA_IN = 0x02;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX
{
public ushort Length;
public ushort AtaFlags;
public byte PathId;
public byte TargetId;
public byte Lun;
public byte ReservedAsUchar;
public uint DataTransferLength;
public uint TimeOutValue;
public uint ReservedAsUlong;
public IntPtr DataBufferOffset;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 8)]
public byte[] PreviousTaskFile;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 8)]
public byte[] CurrentTaskFile;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery
{
public ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX header;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 256)]
public ushort[] data;
}
// DeviceIoControl to check nominal media rotation rate
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "DeviceIoControl",
SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool DeviceIoControl(
SafeFileHandle hDevice,
uint dwIoControlCode,
ref ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery lpInBuffer,
uint nInBufferSize,
ref ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery lpOutBuffer,
uint nOutBufferSize,
out uint lpBytesReturned,
IntPtr lpOverlapped);
// For error message
private const uint FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM = 0x00001000;
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern uint FormatMessage(
uint dwFlags,
IntPtr lpSource,
uint dwMessageId,
uint dwLanguageId,
StringBuilder lpBuffer,
uint nSize,
IntPtr Arguments);
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Input physical drive number:");
string sDrive = "\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive" + Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine(
"Select method (0: No seek penalty, 1: Nominal media rotation rate):");
switch (int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()))
{
case 0:
HasNoSeekPenalty(sDrive);
break;
case 1:
HasNominalMediaRotationRate(sDrive);
break;
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
// Method for no seek penalty
private static void HasNoSeekPenalty(string sDrive)
{
SafeFileHandle hDrive = CreateFileW(
sDrive,
0, // No access to drive
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
IntPtr.Zero,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
IntPtr.Zero);
if (hDrive == null || hDrive.IsInvalid)
{
string message = GetErrorMessage(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
Console.WriteLine("CreateFile failed. " + message);
}
uint IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY = CTL_CODE(
IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE, 0x500,
METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS); // From winioctl.h
STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY query_seek_penalty =
new STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY();
query_seek_penalty.PropertyId = StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty;
query_seek_penalty.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;
DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR query_seek_penalty_desc =
new DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR();
uint returned_query_seek_penalty_size;
bool query_seek_penalty_result = DeviceIoControl(
hDrive,
IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
ref query_seek_penalty,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(query_seek_penalty),
ref query_seek_penalty_desc,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(query_seek_penalty_desc),
out returned_query_seek_penalty_size,
IntPtr.Zero);
hDrive.Close();
if (query_seek_penalty_result == false)
{
string message = GetErrorMessage(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
Console.WriteLine("DeviceIoControl failed. " + message);
}
else
{
if (query_seek_penalty_desc.IncursSeekPenalty == false)
{
Console.WriteLine("This drive has NO SEEK penalty.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("This drive has SEEK penalty.");
}
}
}
// Method for nominal media rotation rate
// (Administrative privilege is required)
private static void HasNominalMediaRotationRate(string sDrive)
{
SafeFileHandle hDrive = CreateFileW(
sDrive,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, // Administrative privilege is required
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
IntPtr.Zero,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
IntPtr.Zero);
if (hDrive == null || hDrive.IsInvalid)
{
string message = GetErrorMessage(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
Console.WriteLine("CreateFile failed. " + message);
}
uint IOCTL_ATA_PASS_THROUGH = CTL_CODE(
IOCTL_SCSI_BASE, 0x040b, METHOD_BUFFERED,
FILE_READ_ACCESS | FILE_WRITE_ACCESS); // From ntddscsi.h
ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery id_query = new ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery();
id_query.data = new ushort[256];
id_query.header.Length = (ushort)Marshal.SizeOf(id_query.header);
id_query.header.AtaFlags = (ushort)ATA_FLAGS_DATA_IN;
id_query.header.DataTransferLength =
(uint)(id_query.data.Length * 2); // Size of "data" in bytes
id_query.header.TimeOutValue = 3; // Sec
id_query.header.DataBufferOffset = (IntPtr)Marshal.OffsetOf(
typeof(ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery), "data");
id_query.header.PreviousTaskFile = new byte[8];
id_query.header.CurrentTaskFile = new byte[8];
id_query.header.CurrentTaskFile[6] = 0xec; // ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE
uint retval_size;
bool result = DeviceIoControl(
hDrive,
IOCTL_ATA_PASS_THROUGH,
ref id_query,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(id_query),
ref id_query,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(id_query),
out retval_size,
IntPtr.Zero);
hDrive.Close();
if (result == false)
{
string message = GetErrorMessage(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
Console.WriteLine("DeviceIoControl failed. " + message);
}
else
{
// Word index of nominal media rotation rate
// (1 means non-rotate device)
const int kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex = 217;
if (id_query.data[kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex] == 1)
{
Console.WriteLine("This drive is NON-ROTATE device.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("This drive is ROTATE device.");
}
}
}
// Method for error message
private static string GetErrorMessage(int code)
{
StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder(255);
FormatMessage(
FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
IntPtr.Zero,
(uint)code,
0,
message,
(uint)message.Capacity,
IntPtr.Zero);
return message.ToString();
}
}
}
Raw
Get-PhysicalDriveType.ps1
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Tell if physical drive is SSD or not
.DESCRIPTION
Tell whether physical drive is SSD or not
.PARAMETER DriveNumber
Drive number to test
.PARAMETER Method
Test method
.NOTES
Cmdlet based on code from first link
This is a code in C# to tell whether a physical drive is SSD or not.
It will do the almost same things using Win32 as a code in C++ by NyaRuRu,
which is based on the algorithm indicated by Microsoft (Windows 7 Disk Defragmenter User Interface Overview).
.LINK
https://emoacht.wordpress.com/2012/11/06/csharp-ssd/
.LINK
https://nyaruru.hatenablog.com/entry/2012/09/29/063829
.LINK
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13726522/what-is-the-easiest-way-in-c-sharp-to-check-if-hard-disk-is-ssd-without-writing
.LINK
https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/storage-at-microsoft/windows-7-disk-defragmenter-user-interface-overview/ba-p/424104
.EXAMPLE
Test-PhysicalDriveType.ps1 -DriveNumber 0
SSD
.EXAMPLE
Test-PhysicalDriveType.ps1 -DriveNumber 0 -Method NoSeekPenalty
SSD
.EXAMPLE
Test-PhysicalDriveType.ps1 -DriveNumber 0 -Method NominalMediaRotationRate # No Administrator rights
Test-PhysicalDriveType.ps1 : Access denied
.EXAMPLE
0..2 | Test-PhysicalDriveType.ps1 -Method NominalMediaRotationRate # User have Administrator rights (launch powershell as Administrator)
SSD
HDD
Unknown
.OUTPUTS
System.String
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, Position=0)]
[int]$DriveNumber,
[Parameter(Position=1)]
[ValidateSet('NoSeekPenalty', 'NominalMediaRotationRate')]
[string]$Method = 'NoSeekPenalty'
)
BEGIN {
$Definition = @'
using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
namespace DetectSsd
{
public enum DetectMethod
{
NoSeekPenalty,
NominalMediaRotationRate
}
public class Program
{
// For CreateFile to get handle to drive
private const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
private const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
private const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001;
private const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;
private const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3;
private const uint FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL = 0x00000080;
// CreateFile to get handle to drive
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern SafeFileHandle CreateFileW(
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
string lpFileName,
uint dwDesiredAccess,
uint dwShareMode,
IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes,
uint dwCreationDisposition,
uint dwFlagsAndAttributes,
IntPtr hTemplateFile);
// For control codes
private const uint FILE_DEVICE_MASS_STORAGE = 0x0000002d;
private const uint IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE = FILE_DEVICE_MASS_STORAGE;
private const uint FILE_DEVICE_CONTROLLER = 0x00000004;
private const uint IOCTL_SCSI_BASE = FILE_DEVICE_CONTROLLER;
private const uint METHOD_BUFFERED = 0;
private const uint FILE_ANY_ACCESS = 0;
private const uint FILE_READ_ACCESS = 0x00000001;
private const uint FILE_WRITE_ACCESS = 0x00000002;
private static uint CTL_CODE(uint DeviceType, uint Function,
uint Method, uint Access)
{
return ((DeviceType << 16) | (Access << 14) |
(Function << 2) | Method);
}
// For DeviceIoControl to check no seek penalty
private const uint StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty = 7;
private const uint PropertyStandardQuery = 0;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY
{
public uint PropertyId;
public uint QueryType;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 1)]
public byte[] AdditionalParameters;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR
{
public uint Version;
public uint Size;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)]
public bool IncursSeekPenalty;
}
// DeviceIoControl to check no seek penalty
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "DeviceIoControl",
SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool DeviceIoControl(
SafeFileHandle hDevice,
uint dwIoControlCode,
ref STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY lpInBuffer,
uint nInBufferSize,
ref DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR lpOutBuffer,
uint nOutBufferSize,
out uint lpBytesReturned,
IntPtr lpOverlapped);
// For DeviceIoControl to check nominal media rotation rate
private const uint ATA_FLAGS_DATA_IN = 0x02;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX
{
public ushort Length;
public ushort AtaFlags;
public byte PathId;
public byte TargetId;
public byte Lun;
public byte ReservedAsUchar;
public uint DataTransferLength;
public uint TimeOutValue;
public uint ReservedAsUlong;
public IntPtr DataBufferOffset;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 8)]
public byte[] PreviousTaskFile;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 8)]
public byte[] CurrentTaskFile;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery
{
public ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX header;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 256)]
public ushort[] data;
}
// DeviceIoControl to check nominal media rotation rate
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "DeviceIoControl",
SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool DeviceIoControl(
SafeFileHandle hDevice,
uint dwIoControlCode,
ref ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery lpInBuffer,
uint nInBufferSize,
ref ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery lpOutBuffer,
uint nOutBufferSize,
out uint lpBytesReturned,
IntPtr lpOverlapped);
// For error message
private const uint FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM = 0x00001000;
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern uint FormatMessage(
uint dwFlags,
IntPtr lpSource,
uint dwMessageId,
uint dwLanguageId,
StringBuilder lpBuffer,
uint nSize,
IntPtr Arguments);
public static int Detect(int driveNumber, DetectMethod method)
{
// Console.WriteLine("Input physical drive number:");
string sDrive = string.Format("\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive{0}", driveNumber);
// Console.WriteLine(
// "Select method (0: No seek penalty, 1: Nominal media rotation rate):");
// switch (int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()))
switch (method)
{
case DetectMethod.NoSeekPenalty:
return HasNoSeekPenalty(sDrive);
case DetectMethod.NominalMediaRotationRate:
return HasNominalMediaRotationRate(sDrive);
default:
return -1;
}
// Console.ReadLine();
}
// Method for no seek penalty
private static int HasNoSeekPenalty(string sDrive)
{
SafeFileHandle hDrive = CreateFileW(
sDrive,
0, // No access to drive
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
IntPtr.Zero,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
IntPtr.Zero);
if (hDrive == null || hDrive.IsInvalid)
{
return -2;
// string message = GetErrorMessage(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
// Console.WriteLine("CreateFile failed. " + message);
}
uint IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY = CTL_CODE(
IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE, 0x500,
METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS); // From winioctl.h
STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY query_seek_penalty =
new STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY();
query_seek_penalty.PropertyId = StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty;
query_seek_penalty.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;
DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR query_seek_penalty_desc =
new DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR();
uint returned_query_seek_penalty_size;
bool query_seek_penalty_result = DeviceIoControl(
hDrive,
IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
ref query_seek_penalty,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(query_seek_penalty),
ref query_seek_penalty_desc,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(query_seek_penalty_desc),
out returned_query_seek_penalty_size,
IntPtr.Zero);
hDrive.Close();
if (query_seek_penalty_result == false)
{
return -1;
// string message = GetErrorMessage(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
// Console.WriteLine("DeviceIoControl failed. " + message);
}
else
{
if (query_seek_penalty_desc.IncursSeekPenalty == false)
{
return 1;
// Console.WriteLine("This drive has NO SEEK penalty.");
}
else
{
return 0;
// Console.WriteLine("This drive has SEEK penalty.");
}
}
}
// Method for nominal media rotation rate
// (Administrative privilege is required)
private static int HasNominalMediaRotationRate(string sDrive)
{
SafeFileHandle hDrive = CreateFileW(
sDrive,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, // Administrative privilege is required
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
IntPtr.Zero,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
IntPtr.Zero);
if (hDrive == null || hDrive.IsInvalid)
{
return -2;
// string message = GetErrorMessage(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
// Console.WriteLine("CreateFile failed. " + message);
}
uint IOCTL_ATA_PASS_THROUGH = CTL_CODE(
IOCTL_SCSI_BASE, 0x040b, METHOD_BUFFERED,
FILE_READ_ACCESS | FILE_WRITE_ACCESS); // From ntddscsi.h
ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery id_query = new ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery();
id_query.data = new ushort[256];
id_query.header.Length = (ushort)Marshal.SizeOf(id_query.header);
id_query.header.AtaFlags = (ushort)ATA_FLAGS_DATA_IN;
id_query.header.DataTransferLength =
(uint)(id_query.data.Length * 2); // Size of "data" in bytes
id_query.header.TimeOutValue = 3; // Sec
id_query.header.DataBufferOffset = (IntPtr)Marshal.OffsetOf(
typeof(ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery), "data");
id_query.header.PreviousTaskFile = new byte[8];
id_query.header.CurrentTaskFile = new byte[8];
id_query.header.CurrentTaskFile[6] = 0xec; // ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE
uint retval_size;
bool result = DeviceIoControl(
hDrive,
IOCTL_ATA_PASS_THROUGH,
ref id_query,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(id_query),
ref id_query,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(id_query),
out retval_size,
IntPtr.Zero);
hDrive.Close();
if (result == false)
{
return -1;
// string message = GetErrorMessage(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
// Console.WriteLine("DeviceIoControl failed. " + message);
}
else
{
// Word index of nominal media rotation rate
// (1 means non-rotate device)
const int kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex = 217;
if (id_query.data[kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex] == 1)
{
return 1;
// Console.WriteLine("This drive is NON-ROTATE device.");
}
else
{
return 0;
// Console.WriteLine("This drive is ROTATE device.");
}
}
}
// Method for error message
public static string GetErrorMessage(int code)
{
StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder(255);
FormatMessage(
FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
IntPtr.Zero,
(uint)code,
0,
message,
(uint)message.Capacity,
IntPtr.Zero);
return message.ToString();
}
}
}
'@
try {
[void][DetectSsd.Program]
}
catch {
Add-Type -TypeDefinition $Definition
}
}
PROCESS {
Write-Verbose "Test Drive $DriveNumber by $Method"
switch ([DetectSsd.Program]::Detect($DriveNumber, $Method))
{
-2 { Write-Error ([DetectSsd.Program]::GetErrorMessage([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error())) }
-1 { 'Unknown' }
0 { 'HDD' }
1 { 'SSD' }
}
}
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