The core building blocks every Python program is built from.
- Variables & Data Types
- Built-in Types:
int,float,str,bool,NoneType— and how Python treats everything as an object. - Dynamic Typing: Variables are labels on objects, not typed containers. Understanding
type()andisinstance(). - Type Coercion vs. Conversion: Python rarely coerces types implicitly — mostly just numeric widening (
int→float, e.g.1 + 2.0→3.0). Nothing like JS's wild coercions. For everything else, you must explicitly convert (int("42")). isvs==:==checks value equality;ischecks identity (same object in memory). Critical forNonechecks (x is None).
- Built-in Types: