Source code used to generate age distribution of german citizens and federal parliament members 1950-2018

histogram.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Author: Max Staff <[email protected]>

import csv
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot
import numpy
import re
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ElementTree

population = "data/14_bevoelkerungsvorausberechnung_daten.csv"
bundestag = "data/MDB_STAMMDATEN.XML"

def main():
	years = {}
	for yr in range(1800, 2020):
		years[str(yr)] = {}
	with open(population) as file:
		table = csv.reader(file, delimiter=";")
		for row in table:
			# only use actually measured data, not predictions and not the header
			if str(row[0]) != "0":
				continue
			if str(row[1]) not in years:
				years[str(row[1])] = {}
			years[str(row[1])]["pop_" + str(row[2])] = [int("0" + x, 10) for x in row[4:]] + [0]

	tree = ElementTree.parse(bundestag)
	root = tree.getroot()
	for mdb in root:
		years_in_office = []
		for section in mdb:
			if section.tag == "BIOGRAFISCHE_ANGABEN":
				for attr in section:
					if attr.tag == "GESCHLECHT":
						if attr.text != None and len(attr.text) > 0:
							gender = attr.text[0]
						else:
							print("Unknown gender: \"" + str(attr.text) + "\"")
							return
					elif attr.tag == "GEBURTSDATUM":
						if attr.text != None and len(attr.text) == 10 and attr.text[6:].isnumeric():
							birth_year = int(attr.text[6:])
						else:
							print("Unknown birthdate: \"" + str(attr.text) + "\"")
							return
			elif section.tag == "WAHLPERIODEN":
				for period in section:
					for attr in period:
						if attr.tag == "MDBWP_VON":
							if attr.text != None and len(attr.text) == 10 and attr.text[6:].isnumeric():
								start_year = int(attr.text[6:])
							else:
								print("Unknown startdate: \"" + str(attr.text) + "\"")
								return
						elif attr.tag == "MDBWP_BIS":
							if attr.text != None and len(attr.text) == 10 and attr.text[6:].isnumeric():
								end_year = int(attr.text[6:])
							elif attr.text == None:
								end_year = 2021
							else:
								print("Unknown enddate: \"" + str(attr.text) + "\" (using 2021)")
								end_year = 2021
					for year in range(start_year, end_year):
						years_in_office.append(year)
		for year in years_in_office:
			if str(year) not in years:
				years[str(year)] = {}
			if ("bundestag_" + gender) not in years[str(year)]:
				years[str(year)]["bundestag_m"] = [0] * 101
				years[str(year)]["bundestag_w"] = [0] * 101
				years[str(year)]["bundestag_" + gender] = [0] * 101
			years[str(year)]["bundestag_" + gender][year - birth_year] += 1

	keys = [key for key in list(years.keys()) if "pop_m" in years[key] and "pop_w" in years[key] and "bundestag_m" in years[key] and "bundestag_w" in years[key]]
	fig, (ax1, ax2) = pyplot.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 10), gridspec_kw={"width_ratios": [8, 7]})
	pyplot.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)
	pos = numpy.arange(101)
	tickpos = range(5, 96, 5)
	pop_m_bar = ax1.barh(y=pos, width=years[keys[0]]["pop_m"], height=1, left=0, align="edge", label="m")
	pop_w_bar = ax1.barh(y=pos, width=[-x for x in years[keys[0]]["pop_w"]], height=1, left=0, align="edge", label="w")
	fig.suptitle("Altersstruktur Deutschlands im Jahr " + keys[0])
	ax1.set_title("Bevölkerung (in Tsd.)")
	ax1.set_xlim([-800, 800])
	ax1.set_ylim([0, 100])
	ax1.set_yticks(tickpos)
	ax1.set_yticklabels([str(x) for x in tickpos])
	ax1.tick_params(axis="y", which="both", length=0)
	ax1.set_xticks([-600,-400,-200,0,200,400,600])
	ax1.set_xticklabels(["600","400","200","0","200","400","600"])
	ax1.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
	ax1.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
	ax1.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False)
	ax1.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
	bundestag_m_bar = ax2.barh(y=pos, width=years[keys[0]]["bundestag_m"], height=1, left=0, align="edge", label="m")
	bundestag_w_bar = ax2.barh(y=pos, width=[-x for x in years[keys[0]]["bundestag_w"]], height=1, left=0, align="edge", label="w")
	ax2.set_title("Bundestag")
	ax2.set_xlim([-30, 40])
	ax2.set_ylim([0, 100])
	ax2.set_yticks(tickpos)
	ax2.set_yticklabels([str(x) for x in tickpos])
	ax2.tick_params(axis="y", which="both", length=0)
	ax2.set_xticks([-20,-10,0,10,20,30])
	ax2.set_xticklabels(["20","10","0","10","20","30"])
	ax2.yaxis.tick_right()
	ax2.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
	ax2.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
	ax2.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False)
	ax2.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
	ax2.legend(loc="lower right")
	for i in range(10):
		ax1.axhspan(i * 10, 5 + i * 10, color='#eee', alpha=1, zorder=0)
		ax2.axhspan(i * 10, 5 + i * 10, color='#eee', alpha=1, zorder=0)
	ax1.annotate("Datenquelle Bevölkerung: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), 2019\nDatenquelle Bundestag: Open Data Portal des Bundestages, 2021", (0,0), (0,-30), xycoords="axes fraction", textcoords="offset points", fontsize="8", va="top")
	ax2.annotate("© Max Staff, 2021", (1,0), (0,-30), xycoords="axes fraction", textcoords="offset points", va="top", fontsize="8", horizontalalignment="right")

	def animate(i):
		frame = years[keys[i]]
		fig.suptitle("Altersstruktur Deutschlands im Jahr " + keys[i])
		for i, b in enumerate(pop_m_bar):
			b.set_width(frame["pop_m"][i])
		for i, b in enumerate(pop_w_bar):
			b.set_width(-frame["pop_w"][i])
		for i, b in enumerate(bundestag_m_bar):
			b.set_width(frame["bundestag_m"][i])
		for i, b in enumerate(bundestag_w_bar):
			b.set_width(-frame["bundestag_w"][i])

	ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, repeat=False, blit=False, frames=len(keys), interval=100)
	pyplot.show()
	ani.save("output.mp4", writer=animation.FFMpegWriter(fps=4))

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

I originally wanted to check wether this comment by u/FicusRobtusa also applies to germany. Turns out it doesn't.

Data sources:

Left plot: https://service.destatis.de/bevoelkerungspyramide/

Right plot: https://www.bundestag.de/services/opendata

Discussion: https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/lltzna/oc_age_distribution_of_german_citizens_and/