RxponetialBackoff

    /**
     * @param intervalMs    The base interval to start backing off from. The function is: attemptNum^2 * intervalMs
     * @param retryAttempts The max number of attempts to retry this task or -1 to try MAX_INT times,
     */
    public static <T> Observable.Transformer<T, T> backoff(final long intervalMs, final int retryAttempts) {

        return new Observable.Transformer<T, T>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<T> call(final Observable<T> observable) {
                return observable.retryWhen(
                        retryFunc(intervalMs, retryAttempts),
                        Schedulers.immediate()
                );
            }
        };
    }

    private static Func1<? super Observable<? extends Throwable>, ? extends Observable<?>> retryFunc(final long ms, final int attempts) {
        return new Func1<Observable<? extends Throwable>, Observable<Long>>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<Long> call(Observable<? extends Throwable> observable) {
                // zip our number of retries to the incoming errors so that we only produce retries
                // when there's been an error
                return observable.zipWith(
                        Observable.range(1, attempts > 0 ? attempts : Integer.MAX_VALUE),
                        new Func2<Throwable, Integer, Integer>() {
                            @Override
                            public Integer call(Throwable throwable, Integer attemptNumber) {
                                return attemptNumber;
                            }
                        })
                        // flatMap the int attempt number to a timer that will wait the specified delay
                        .flatMap(new Func1<Integer, Observable<Long>>() {
                            @Override
                            public Observable<Long> call(final Integer integer) {
                                long newInterval = ms * ((long) integer * (long) integer);
                                if (newInterval < 0) {
                                    newInterval = Long.MAX_VALUE;
                                }
                                // use Schedulers#immediate() to keep on same thread
                                return Observable.timer(newInterval, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, Schedulers.immediate());
                            }
                        });
            }
        };
    }