Vim Cheatsheet
Disclaimer: This cheatsheet is summarized from personal experience and other online tutorials. It should not be considered as an official advice.
Global
:help keyword # 打开关键字帮助
:o file # 打开文件
:saveas file # 另存为
:close # 另存为
Cursor movement
h # 左移光标
j # 下移光标
k # 上移光标
l # 右移光标
H # 移动到当前页面顶部
M # 移动到当前页面中间
L # 移动到当前页面底部
w # 移动到下个单词开头
W # 移动到下个单词开头(单词含标点)
e # 移动到下个单词结尾
E # 移动到下个单词结尾(单词含标点)
b # 移动到上个单词结尾
B # 移动到上个单词结尾(单词含标点)
0 # 移动到行首
^ # 移动到行首的非空白符
$ # 移动到行尾
g_ # 移动到行内最后一个非空白符
gg # 移动到文件第一行
G # 移动到文件最后一行
5G # 移动到第五行
fx # 动到字符 x 下次出现的位置
tx # 移动到字符 x 下次出现的位置的前一个字符
} # jump to next paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
{ # jump to previous paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
zz # 移动屏幕使光标居中
Ctrl + b # 向后滚动一屏
Ctrl + f # 向前滚动一屏
Ctrl + d # 向前滚动半屏
Ctrl + u # 向后滚动半屏
Insert mode - inserting/appending text
i # 从光标前开始插入字符
I # 从行首开始插入字符
a # 从光标后开始插入字符
A # 从行尾开始插入字符
o # 在当前行之下另起一行, 开始插入字符
O # 在当前行之上另起一行, 开始插入字符
ea # 从当前单词末尾开始插入
Esc # 退出插入模式
Editing
r # 替换当前字符
J # 将下一行合并到当前行
cc # 清空当前行, 然后进入插入模式
cw # 从光标位置开始, 修改单词
ce # change (replace) to the end of the next word
cb # change (replace) to the start of the previous word
c$ # 从光标位置开始, 修改当前行
s # 删除当前字符, 然后进入插入模式
S # delete line and substitute text (same as cc)
xp # transpose two letters (delete and paste)
. # repeat last command
u # undo
Ctrl + r # redo
Marking text (visual mode)
v # start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank)
V # start linewise visual mode
o # move to other end of marked area
O # move to other corner of block
aw # mark a word
ab # a block with ()
aB # a block with {}
ib # inner block with ()
iB # inner block with {}
Esc # exit visual mode
Ctrl + v # start visual block mode
Visual commands
> # shift text right
< # shift text left
y # yank (copy) marked text
d # delete marked text
~ # switch case
Cut and paste
yy # yank (copy) a line
2yy # yank (copy) 2 lines
yw # yank (copy) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
y$ # yank (copy) to end of line
p # put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
P # put (paste) before cursor
dd # delete (cut) a line
2dd # delete (cut) 2 lines
dw # delete (cut) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
D # delete (cut) to the end of the line
d$ # delete (cut) to the end of the line
d^ # delete (cut) to the first non-blank character of the line
d0 # delete (cut) to the begining of the line
x # delete (cut) character
Search and replace
/pattern # search for pattern
?pattern # search backward for pattern
\vpattern # 'very magic' pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)
n # repeat search in same direction
N # repeat search in opposite direction
:%s/old/new/g # replace all old with new throughout file
:%s/old/new/gc # replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
:noh # remove highlighting of search matches
Search in multiple files
:vimgrep /pattern/ {file} # search for pattern in multiple files
:cn # jump to the next match
:cp # jump to the previous match
:copen # open a window containing the list of matches
Exiting
:w # write (save) the file, but don't exit
:w !sudo tee % # write out the current file using sudo
:wq or :x or ZZ # write (save) and quit
:q # quit (fails if there are unsaved changes)
:q! or ZQ # quit and throw away unsaved changes
Working with multiple files
:e file # edit a file in a new buffer
:bnext or :bn # go to the next buffer
:bprev or :bp # go to the previous buffer
:bd # delete a buffer (close a file)
:ls # list all open buffers
:sp file # open a file in a new buffer and split window
:vsp file # open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window
Ctrl + ws # split window
Ctrl + ww # switch windows
Ctrl + wq # quit a window
Ctrl + wv # split window vertically
Ctrl + wh # move cursor to the left window (vertical split)
Ctrl + wl # move cursor to the right window (vertical split)
Ctrl + wj # move cursor to the window below (horizontal split)
Ctrl + wk # move cursor to the window above (horizontal split)
Tabs
:tabnew or :tabnew file # open a file in a new tab
Ctrl + wT # move the current split window into its own tab
gt or :tabnext or :tabn # move to the next tab
gT or :tabprev or :tabp # move to the previous tab
<number>gt # move to tab <number>
:tabmove <number> # move current tab to the <number>th position (indexed from 0)
:tabclose or :tabc # close the current tab and all its windows
:tabonly or :tabo # close all tabs except for the current one
:tabdo command # run the command on all tabs (e.g. :tabdo q - closes all opened tabs)