script.rb

dog = 'Spot'

puts dog
p dog
print dog
print dog
print dog
print dog
p "There are many ways to print things! What are the differences?"

# Methods (functions) are defined with def
def sayHello
  # return 'goodbye' # you can OPTIONALLY write the return
  puts 'what up its ya boi'
  'hello' # ruby has an implicit return statement!
  # The last line of code that gets executed in your method is the return statement.
end

puts sayHello # Any time that you write the name of the method, you are invoking it.

# If statements can work the same as they do in JavaScript...
# OR you can use funky things like "unless"! (Like saying "if not...")

def sayNumber number
  unless false 
    puts 'boo'
  else
    puts number
  end
end

sayNumber 1337

# nil insteal of null/undefined
a = nil

# more conditionals

if a
  puts 'first'
elsif 3 < 2 # Ruby says elsif instead of "else if"
  puts 'second'
else
  puts 'third'
end

# ternary is the same!

a ? 'a is truthy' : 'a is falsy'

# Reassigning variables

variable = 1
variable = 2

# Constants in Ruby are done with the first letter being a capital

ConstantThing = 'kanye'
ConstantThing = 'drake' # error!

# Loops

# You can do for.. loops and while loops, but the loop we looked at was an .each loop

dogs = ['spot', 'bob', 'frida']

dogs.each do |x|
  puts x
end

# This looks funky because we're using some do... thing. This is called a block!
# A block is essentially a callback in Ruby.

# We also looked at things like <NUMBER>.times

10.times do # Yup, Ruby lets you do this!
  puts 'hello!'
end

# Symbols

# Ruby has these things called "Symbols". They're ESSENTIALLY strings

someSymbol = :haha

# Hashes! Ruby's objects
# Symbols are useful when we're working with hashes, Ruby's version of objects.

# The key to this object is a SYMBOL.
person = {age: 60, name: 'Simone Simonson'}
person[:age]

# Same here! This is slightly different syntax for the example above.
person = {:age => 60, :name => 'Simone Simonson'}
person[:age]

# Be careful about this! In this case, the key is a string.
person = {"age" => 60, "name" => 'Simone Simonson'}
person["age"]

# Lambdas - not in scope of the curriculum, but interesting!
# Someone had an interesting question about Lambdas. They are like Ruby's verion of anonymous functions.

doThing = lambda { |num| puts num }

[1, 2, 3].each &doThing