Deploy Rails 5.1.1 to VPS(Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS). Nginx mainline + pagespeed, Puma with Jungle, Capistrano3, PostgreSQL 9.6, RVM, Certbot

1 setup vps

root# apt-get update
root# apt-get upgrade

// dependencies for Ruby
root# apt-get install -y git-core curl zlib1g-dev build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev libyaml-dev \
  libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev python-software-properties libffi-dev \
  libpcre3-dev unzip

// Node.js v7
root# curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_7.x | sudo -E bash -
root# apt-get install -y nodejs

// Yarn
root# curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
root# echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
root# sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install yarn

// Postgresql 9.6
root# echo 'deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ xenial-pgdg main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
root# wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | apt-key add -
root# apt-get update && apt-get install -y postgresql-9.6 libpq-dev

// fix perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
root# echo -e 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"\nLC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"\nLANGUAGE="en_US:en"' > /etc/default/locale

// mainline nginx with stable ngx_pagespeed
root# bash <(curl -f -L -sS https://ngxpagespeed.com/install) -y --nginx-version latest -a ' \
  --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
  --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \
  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \
  --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx \
  --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module \
  --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module \
  --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module \
  --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module \
  --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module \
  --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module'
root# adduser --system --no-create-home --shell /bin/false --group --disabled-login nginx
root# wget -O /etc/nginx/nginx.conf https://gist.githubusercontent.com/PavelBezpalov/6525017b7ab61c843264a0b544acfdd6/raw/nginx.conf
root# mkdir /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
root# mkdir /etc/nginx/sites-available
root# mkdir /var/cache/nginx
root# mkdir -p /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache
root# chown nginx:nginx /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache
root# wget -O /etc/init.d/nginx https://gist.githubusercontent.com/PavelBezpalov/6525017b7ab61c843264a0b544acfdd6/raw/nginx
root# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
root# systemctl enable nginx.service

// certbot
root# apt-get install software-properties-common
root# add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot
root# apt-get update
root# apt-get install certbot

// deployer user in sudo group
root# adduser deployer
root# gpasswd -a deployer sudo

// disable ssh root login, permit password login
root# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
EDIT:
PermitRootLogin no
PasswordAuthentication yes
SAVE:
ctrl + x
y
enter

root# service ssh restart
root# exit

ssh deployer@server

// rvm, ruby 2.4.1, bundler
deployer$ sudo apt-get install libgdbm-dev libncurses5-dev automake libtool bison libffi-dev
deployer$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
deployer$ curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
deployer$ echo "gem: --no-document" > ~/.gemrc
deployer$ source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm
deployer$ rvm install 2.4.1 && rvm use 2.4.1 --default
deployer$ gem install bundler

// postgresql deployer user, project db
deployer$ sudo su - postgres
deployer$ createuser --pwprompt deployer
deployer$ createdb -O deployer <<APP_DB_NAME>>
deployer$ exit

2 Setup capistrano3

ADD TO Gemfile:
group :development do
  gem 'capistrano', '~> 3.8', '>= 3.8.1'
  gem 'capistrano-rvm', '~> 0.1.2'
  gem 'capistrano-rails', '~> 1.2', '>= 1.2.3'
  gem 'capistrano3-puma', git: 'https://github.com/seuros/capistrano-puma.git', ref: '00708fa'
  gem 'capistrano-nginx', '~> 1.0'
  gem 'capistrano-upload-config', '~> 0.7.0'
  gem 'sshkit-sudo', '~> 0.1.0'
end

RUN:
your_app$ bundle install
your_app$ cap install

EDIT Capfile AS ATTACHED Capfile

EDIT config/deploy.rb AS ATTACHED deploy.rb AND CHANGE VARIABLES IN IT

RUN:
your_app$ cp config/database.yml config/database.yml.example
your_app$ cp config/secrets.yml config/secrets.yml.example
your_app$ cap production config:init
your_app$ echo '/config/database.production.yml' >> .gitignore
your_app$ echo '/config/secrets.production.yml' >> .gitignore

EDIT WITH YOUR PARAMETERS:
/config/database.production.yml
/config/secrets.production.yml

RUN:
your_app$ rails g capistrano:nginx_puma:config

EDIT OR LEAVE AS IS:
config/deploy/templates/nginx_conf.erb
config/deploy/templates/puma.rb.erb

ADD RUBY-VERSION FILE FOR PUMA JUNGLE:
your_app$ echo 'ruby-2.4.1' > .ruby-version

GIT COMMIT AND PUSH CHANGES

RUN:
your_app$ cap production deploy

CONGRATULATION! ALL DONE!
CHECK YOUR RUNNIG SERVER!

3 Faq

Using ENV variables:
store variables in /etc/environment like:
export VAR_NAME=value

Capfile

require 'capistrano/setup'
require 'capistrano/deploy'
require 'capistrano/scm/git'
install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Git
require 'capistrano/rvm'
require 'capistrano/rails'
require 'capistrano/puma'
install_plugin Capistrano::Puma
install_plugin Capistrano::Puma::Nginx
install_plugin Capistrano::Puma::Jungle
require 'capistrano/nginx'
require 'capistrano/upload-config'
require 'sshkit/sudo'

Dir.glob('lib/capistrano/tasks/*.rake').each { |r| import r }

deploy.rb

# config valid only for current version of Capistrano
lock '3.8.1'

set :application, '<<YOUR APPNAME>>'
set :repo_url, '<<YOUR APP REPO>>'
# ask :branch, `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD`.chomp
set :user, 'deployer'
server '<<YOUR SERVER>>', user: "#{fetch(:user)}", roles: %w{app db web}, primary: true
set :deploy_to,       "/home/#{fetch(:user)}/apps/#{fetch(:application)}"
set :pty, true

set :rvm_ruby_version, '2.4.1'

append :linked_files, 'config/database.yml', 'config/secrets.yml', 'config/puma.rb'
append :linked_dirs, 'log', 'tmp/pids', 'tmp/cache', 'tmp/sockets', 'vendor/bundle', 'public/system', 'public/uploads'

set :config_example_suffix, '.example'
set :config_files, %w{config/database.yml config/secrets.yml}
set :puma_conf, "#{shared_path}/config/puma.rb"

namespace :deploy do
  before 'check:linked_files', 'config:push'
  before 'check:linked_files', 'puma:jungle:setup'
  before 'check:linked_files', 'puma:nginx_config'
  after 'puma:smart_restart', 'nginx:restart'
end

nginx

#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $network $remote_fs $local_fs 
# Required-Stop:     $network $remote_fs $local_fs
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Stop/start nginx
### END INIT INFO

# Author: Sergey Budnevitch <[email protected]>

PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

if [ -L $0 ]; then
    SCRIPTNAME=`/bin/readlink -f $0`
else
    SCRIPTNAME=$0
fi

sysconfig=`/usr/bin/basename $SCRIPTNAME`

[ -r /etc/default/$sysconfig ] && . /etc/default/$sysconfig

DESC=${DESC:-nginx}
NAME=${NAME:-nginx}
CONFFILE=${CONFFILE:-/etc/nginx/nginx.conf}
DAEMON=${DAEMON:-/usr/sbin/nginx}
PIDFILE=${PIDFILE:-/var/run/nginx.pid}
SLEEPSEC=${SLEEPSEC:-1}
UPGRADEWAITLOOPS=${UPGRADEWAITLOOPS:-5}
CHECKSLEEP=${CHECKSLEEP:-3}

[ -x $DAEMON ] || exit 0

DAEMON_ARGS="-c $CONFFILE $DAEMON_ARGS"

. /lib/init/vars.sh

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

do_start()
{
    start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- \
        $DAEMON_ARGS
    RETVAL="$?"
    return "$RETVAL"
}

do_stop()
{
    # Return
    #   0 if daemon has been stopped
    #   1 if daemon was already stopped
    #   2 if daemon could not be stopped
    #   other if a failure occurred
    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE
    RETVAL="$?"
    rm -f $PIDFILE
    return "$RETVAL"
}

do_reload() {
    #
    start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE
    RETVAL="$?"
    return "$RETVAL"
}

do_configtest() {
    if [ "$#" -ne 0 ]; then
        case "$1" in
            -q)
                FLAG=$1
                ;;
            *)
                ;;
        esac
        shift
    fi
    $DAEMON -t $FLAG -c $CONFFILE
    RETVAL="$?"
    return $RETVAL
}

do_upgrade() {
    OLDBINPIDFILE=$PIDFILE.oldbin

    do_configtest -q || return 6
    start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE
    RETVAL="$?"
    
    for i in `/usr/bin/seq  $UPGRADEWAITLOOPS`; do
        sleep $SLEEPSEC
        if [ -f $OLDBINPIDFILE -a -f $PIDFILE ]; then
            start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile $OLDBINPIDFILE
            RETVAL="$?"
            return
        fi
    done

    echo $"Upgrade failed!"
    RETVAL=1
    return $RETVAL
}

do_checkreload() {
    templog=`/bin/mktemp --tmpdir nginx-check-reload-XXXXXX.log`
    trap '/bin/rm -f $templog' 0
    /usr/bin/tail --pid=$$ -n 0 --follow=name /var/log/nginx/error.log > $templog &
    /bin/sleep 1
    start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE
    /bin/sleep $CHECKSLEEP
    /bin/grep -E "\[emerg\]|\[alert\]" $templog
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC " "$NAME"
        do_start
        case "$?" in
            0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
            2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
        esac
        ;;
    stop)
        [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
        do_stop
        case "$?" in
            0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
            2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
        esac
        ;;
  status)
        status_of_proc -p "$PIDFILE" "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
        ;;
  configtest)
        do_configtest
        ;;
  upgrade)
        do_upgrade
        ;;
  reload|force-reload)
        log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"
        do_reload
        log_end_msg $?
        ;;
  restart|force-reload)
        log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
        do_configtest -q || exit $RETVAL
        do_stop
        case "$?" in
            0|1)
                do_start
                case "$?" in
                    0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                    1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
                    *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
                esac
                ;;
            *)
                # Failed to stop
                log_end_msg 1
                ;;
        esac
        ;;
    check-reload)
        do_checkreload
        RETVAL=0
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload|upgrade|configtest|check-reload}" >&2
        exit 3
        ;;
esac

exit $RETVAL

nginx.conf

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_ciphers "EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256+EECDH:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256+EDH:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4";
    ssl_ecdh_curve prime256v1:secp384r1;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_tickets off; # Requires nginx >= 1.5.9
    ssl_stapling on; # Requires nginx >= 1.3.7
    ssl_stapling_verify on; # Requires nginx => 1.3.7
    resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
    resolver_timeout 5s;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload";
    add_header X-Frame-Options DENY; # change to SAMEORIGIN for iframes
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

    gzip  on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_types application/ecmascript;
    gzip_types application/javascript;
    gzip_types application/json;
    gzip_types application/pdf;
    gzip_types application/postscript;
    gzip_types application/x-javascript;
    gzip_types image/svg+xml;
    gzip_types text/css;
    gzip_types text/csv;
    gzip_types text/javascript;
    gzip_types text/plain;
    gzip_types text/xml;

    gzip_http_version 1.0;

    pagespeed on;
    pagespeed FetchWithGzip on;

    # Needs to exist and be writable by nginx.  Use tmpfs for best performance.
    pagespeed FileCachePath /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache;
    pagespeed ModPagespeedCreateSharedMemoryMetadataCache  "/var/ngx_pagespeed_cache" 51200;
    pagespeed ModPagespeedFileCacheSizeKb          1024000;
    pagespeed LRUCacheKbPerProcess     8192;
    pagespeed LRUCacheByteLimit        16384;
    #pagespeed Disallow "*.svg*";

    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

If your server have less 1 GB RAM you must have swapfile or swapdisk, because https://gist.github.com/PavelBezpalov/6525017b7ab61c843264a0b544acfdd6#file-1-setup-vps-L27 need huge RAM for executing