The Logitech Options program isn't available for Linux, but by a nice guy on GitHub (PixlOne) created an open source project that lets you obtain some of that functionality. It's called logiops. It works in conjunction with the Solaar project as well, which I find especially handy since that shows your available battery life in the system tray and lets you pair/unpair devices with the Logitech Unifying Receiver.
Here are some additional pages with info that I used to generate this documentation: