Given that you have a disk partition pointed at /mnt/01DAB4... sudo mount -o remount,rw /mnt/01DAB4... will mount the partition with read and write permission. This helps in fixing below issue unable to open /var/lib/...: Read-only file system
Continuing from https://gist.github.com/SOHELAHMED7/68729c0a44c77a4d88cf1a07a67be5b5?permalink_comment_id=5175496#gistcomment-5175496
Go to Disks desktop app in Ubuntu

Select/click your storage disk
Select the partition you are facing errors with in Volumes section
Click on settings icon (bottom left corner in Volumes section)

Click "Repair Filesystem"
Mount the partition
The problem is solved. Here you don't need to switch back to Windows.