Run this in a Swift playground with the .terminal profile that you want to parse in the playground's Resources folder. I wrote this because I wanted to copy the colors of an OS X terminal theme to my Linux Mint terminal but couldn't find a way to list all the colors in a .terminal file.

GetTerminalColors.swift

import Cocoa

extension NSColor {
  var hexString: String {
    if let convertedColor = self.colorUsingColorSpaceName(NSCalibratedRGBColorSpace) {
      var redFloat: CGFloat = 0.0, greenFloat: CGFloat = 0.0, blueFloat: CGFloat = 0.0
      convertedColor.getRed(&redFloat, green: &greenFloat, blue: &blueFloat, alpha: nil)
      
      // the decimals are for when the cast to Int floor()s the floats, don't worry about it
      let redInt = Int(redFloat * 255.99999),
        greenInt = Int(greenFloat * 255.99999),
        blueInt = Int(blueFloat * 255.99999)
      
      let redHex = NSString(format: "%02x", redInt) as String,
        greenHex = NSString(format: "%02x", greenInt) as String,
        blueHex = NSString(format: "%02x", blueInt) as String
      
      return "#" + redHex + greenHex + blueHex
    }
    
    return ""
  }
}

func getTerminalColors(fromFile terminalFile: String) -> [(key: String, readableKey: String, color: NSColor, colorHex: String)] {
  let terminalColorNames: [String] = [ "Black", "Red", "Green", "Yellow", "Blue", "Magenta", "Cyan", "White" ]
  
  let terminalColorNamesReadable = terminalColorNames.map({color in color}) +
                   terminalColorNames.map({color in "Bright \(color)"}) +
                   [ "Background", "Text", "Bold Text", "Cursor", "Selection" ]
  
  let terminalColorKeys = terminalColorNames.map({color in "ANSI\(color)Color"}) +
              terminalColorNames.map({color in "ANSIBright\(color)Color"}) +
              [ "BackgroundColor", "TextColor", "TextBoldColor", "CursorColor", "SelectionColor" ]
  
  let dict = NSDictionary(contentsOfFile: terminalFile) as! Dictionary<String, AnyObject>
  
  var returnArray = [(key: String, readableKey: String, color: NSColor, colorHex: String)]()
  
  for key in terminalColorKeys {
    if let value = dict[key] {
      if value is NSData {
        if let colObj = NSKeyedUnarchiver.unarchiveObjectWithData(value as! NSData),
          col = colObj as? NSColor {
          
          let readableKey = terminalColorNamesReadable[terminalColorKeys.indexOf(key)!]
          let colorTuple = (key: key, readableKey: readableKey, color: col, colorHex: col.hexString)
          returnArray.append(colorTuple)
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  return returnArray
}

// Get the terminal theme here: https://twitter.com/panic/status/558389225612005376
// In this example, I just print the readable key and the hex color
if let path = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("Panic Palette", ofType: "terminal") {
  let termColors = getTerminalColors(fromFile: path)
  for t in termColors {
    print("\(t.readableKey): \(t.colorHex)")
  }
} else {
  print("Couldn't load property list, something went wrong")
}

// Issues? https://twitter.com/SamusAranX
// getTerminalColors() returns an array of named tuples.
// Each tuple has the String properties "key", "readableKey", and "colorHex" and the NSColor property "color".
// For Panic Palette.terminal, the output of this gist looks like this:
// Black: #111c2a
// Red: #f82939
// Green: #3beb2a
// Yellow: #fcc146
// Blue: #2d4562
// Magenta: #6f4ebc
// Cyan: #63cce3
// White: #838c95
// Bright Black: #454640
// Bright Red: #f82939
// Bright Green: #3beb2a
// Bright Yellow: #fcc146
// Bright Blue: #2d4562
// Bright Magenta: #6f4ebc
// Bright Cyan: #63cce3
// Bright White: #838c95
// Background: #111c2a
// Text: #f6f7ee
// Bold Text: #ffffff
// Cursor: #f6f7ee
// Selection: #ffd8a4