C/C++ Function main directory differ from Sources Directory manually makefile

A_mainDir_differ_sourDir_makefile.md

C/C++ Main Directory Differ Sources Directory Makefile Manually

This is a Makefile about Function main directory differing from sources directory.

Amazing Notice:

Please double check the filename of the VSCode configuration file.

e.g:

tasks.json

launch.json

c_cpp_properties.json

settings.json

A week ago, I made a mistake: I wrote "tasks.json" as "task.json". As a result,

VSCode always reports the error "cannot find tasks.json file". I always thought:

I wrote "task.json", why there is no "tasks.json". It took a week to change the

configuration file, only to find out today that there is a problem with the file

naming. Oh! I am silly.

Notice:

This is my workspace environment!

Clang: 9.0.0;

Llvm-gcc: 4.2.1;

Visual Studio Code v1.63.2;

Code Runner v0.11.6 (Author: Jun Han);

CodeLLDB v1.4.5 or v1.5.0 (Author: Vadim Chugunov).

Now:

This workspace named bodyAndFit, including 5 directories, 8 files.

The Architecture of workspace bodyAndFit are:

bodyAndFit

|

|_.vscode

|     |__c_cpp_properties.json

|     |__launch.json

|     |__settings.json

|     |__tasks.json

|__Makefile

|__build

|__inc

|     |__bodyandfit.h

|__common

      |__main.cpp

|__src

     |__bodyandfit.cpp

src: source file folder.

bodyandfit.cpp: This project connected source function.

common: main file folder.

main.cpp: This project main function.

inc: source file folder.

bodyandfit.h: This project connected include function.

build: build task folder, Debug folder, Executable file.

Makefile: Makefile to manually build bodyAndFit program.

.vscode: VSCode configuration folder.

tasks.json: This task will invoke the Clang C++ compiler to create an

executable file from the source code.

settings.json: Workspace Settings.

launch.json: configure VS Code to launch the LLDB debugger when you press

F5 to debug the program.

c_cpp_properties.json: allows you to change settings such as the path to

the compiler, include paths.

Big hanker manually Notice:

1.The best way to debug Makefile is using "

.PHONY: all
all:
echo $(variable)

". eg:

.PHONY: all

all:

echo $(CXX)

echo $(CXX_FLAGS)

echo $(BUILD_DIR)

echo $(SRC_DIRS)

echo $(LIBDIR)

echo $(LIBS)

echo $(TARGET)

echo $(SRCS)

echo $(OBJS)

echo $(DEPS)

echo $(INC_DIRS)

echo $(INC_FLAGS)

echo $(CPP_FLAGS)

2.Multiple separated sources directory generate object files:

If all the sources files including the main function are separated directory,

Then you need to generate the object files via one by one directory.

bank.cpp

#include "../bin/bank.h"
#include <chrono>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

// #include <algorithm>
// std::sort(work_quque_, work_queue_ + queue_number_,
//        [](const std::quque<QueueNode> &q1,
//           const std::queue<QueueNode> $q2) -> bool
//          {return q1.size() < q2.size();});

Bank::Bank(int window_numbers, int close_time)
    : queue_number_(window_numbers), close_time_(close_time),
    total_time_(0), customer_number_(0) {
  work_queue_ = new std::queue<QueueNode>[window_numbers];
  srand(std::chrono::system_clock
    ::to_time_t(std::chrono::system_clock::now()));
}

Bank::~Bank() {
  delete[] work_queue_;
}

void Bank::OpenForDay() {
  Event event_push_back_list;
  event_push_back_list.occur_time = 0;
  event_push_back_list.type = 0;
  event_list_.push_back(event_push_back_list);
  // event_list_.push_back({0,0}); 
  // //the first customer arrived
}

// the event of arrivalling customer
// Do the below things:
// one: rand the time for customer's duration
// two: rand the time for the next customer arrivalling
// three: push back the arrivalling customer into the shortest working queue
void Bank::CustomerArrived(Event *event) {
  ++customer_number_;

  int duration_time, inter_time;

  // the durating time of the arrivalling customer
  duration_time = rand() % 1800 + 1; //the biggest duration is 30minutes
  // the next customer arrivalling after event->occur_time+inter_time 
  inter_time = rand() % 600 + 1; // inter_time <= 10 minutes

  // the arrivalling time of next customer
  int next_customer_arrival_time = event->occur_time + inter_time;

  // if the bank openning
  if(next_customer_arrival_time < close_time_) {
    Event customer_arrival_event;
    customer_arrival_event.occur_time = next_customer_arrival_time;
    customer_arrival_event.type = 0;
    event_list_.push_back(customer_arrival_event);
    // event_list_.push_back({next_customer_arrival_time, 0});
    // sort the list of eveent via the time of arrival, first in first out
    SortEventList();
  }

  // chose the shortest queue to push back
  int number_shortest_queue;
  number_shortest_queue = FindShortestQueue();
  QueueNode customer_push_queue;
  customer_push_queue.arrival_time = event->occur_time;
  customer_push_queue.duration_time = duration_time;
  work_queue_[number_shortest_queue].push(customer_push_queue);
  //work_queue_[number_shortest_queue].push({event->occur_time, duration_time});

  if(work_queue_[number_shortest_queue].size() == 1) {
    // the number of shortest queue :first customer's departure event 
    // occurring
    Event first_customer_departure_event;
    first_customer_departure_event.occur_time = event->occur_time + duration_time;
    first_customer_departure_event.type = number_shortest_queue +1;
    event_list_.push_back(first_customer_departure_event);
    // event_list_.push_back(
    //    {event->occur_time + duration_time, number_shortest_queue + 1});
    SortEventList();
  }
}

void Bank::CustomerDeparture(Event *event) {
  int rest_event_type = event->type - 1;

  QueueNode leaving_customer;
    
  //finish the event of departuration, customer leaving
  leaving_customer = work_queue_[rest_event_type].front();
  work_queue_[rest_event_type].pop();

  total_time_ += event->occur_time - leaving_customer.arrival_time;

  // the departuring event of the rest_event_type times queue
  if(!work_queue_[rest_event_type].empty()) {
    leaving_customer = work_queue_[rest_event_type].front();
    Event leaving_event;
    leaving_event.occur_time = leaving_customer.duration_time + event->occur_time;
    leaving_event.type = rest_event_type + 1;
    event_list_.push_back(leaving_event);
    // event_list_.push_back(
    //  {leaving_customer.duration_time + event->occur_time, 
    //  rest_event_type + 1});
    SortEventList();
  }
}

int Bank::FindShortestQueue() {
  int num_shortest_queue = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < queue_number_; ++i) {
    if(work_queue_[num_shortest_queue].size() > work_queue_[i].size())
      num_shortest_queue = i;
  }
  return num_shortest_queue;
}

void Bank::SortEventList() {
  //  std::sort(event_list_.begin(), event_list_.end(),
  //  [](const Event &event1, const Event &event2){
  //    return event1.occur_time < event2.occur_time;
  //  }
  //);

  
  //struct event_lessThan{
  //  bool operator()(Event const &event1, Event const &event2) const{
  //    return event1.occur_time < event2.occur_time;
  //  }
  //};
  //sort(event_list_.begin(), event_list_.end(), event_lessThan());
  
  // bool operator<(const Event &e2,const Event &e2); 
  
  //bool opeartor<(const Event &event1, const Event &const2) {
  //  return event1.occur_time < event2.occur_time;
  //}
  
  //event_list_.sort(event_list_.begin(), event_list_.end() );
  event_list_.sort();
  // Lambda expression:
  // event_list_.sort(
  //   [](const Event &event1, const Event &event2) -> bool
  //   {return event1.occur_time < event2.occur_time;});

  // write a function to compare two struct event
  // turn Lambda expression into a function
  // as the paramter of sort();

  // Also, struct Event::operator<:
  //
  //bool return_lambda = operator<(const Event &event1);
  //event_list_.sort(event_list_.begin(), event_list_.end(), return_lambda);
}

void Bank::Simulation() {
  OpenForDay();
  Event front_event_list;
  while(!event_list_.empty()) {
    front_event_list = event_list_.front();
    event_list_.pop_front();
    if(front_event_list.type == 0) // arrival event
      CustomerArrived(&front_event_list);
    else
      CustomerDeparture(&front_event_list);
  }

  // calculate and output the average time of staying in Bank
  //std::cout << L"the number of customer:" << customer_number_ << std::endl
  //  << L"the total time of staying(hour):" << (double)total_time_ / 3600.0
  //  << std::endl 
  //  << L"the average time of staying(minutes):" 
  //  << (double)total_time_ / (double)(customer_number_ * 60)
  //  << std::endl;
  std::cout << "the number of customer:" << customer_number_ << std::endl
    << "the total time of staying(hour):" << (double)total_time_ / 3600.0
    << std::endl
    << "the average time of staying(miniutes):" 
    << (double)total_time_ / (double)(customer_number_ * 60)
    << std::endl;
}

bank.h

#ifndef _BANK_H_
#define _BANK_H_

#include <queue>
#include <list>

struct Event {
  int occur_time; // the time of occurring event
  int type; // the type of event, arrive via 0, back via from 1 to 4
  
  bool operator<(const Event &rhs) const {
    return this->occur_time < rhs.occur_time;
  }
  
  /*
  bool operator()(const Event &ths, const Event &rhs) const {
      return ths.occur_time < rhs.occur_time;
  }
  */
};

struct QueueNode {
  int arrival_time; // the time of arrivalling customer
  int duration_time; //the time of customer's suration
};

class Bank {
 public:
  explicit Bank(int window_numbers = 4, int close_time = 8 * 3600);
  ~Bank();
  void Simulation();
    
 private:
  int queue_number_; // the number of queue
  int close_time_; // the time of close
  int total_time_; // the total time of customer
  int customer_number_; // the number of customer

  std::list<Event> event_list_; // the list of event
  std::queue<QueueNode> *work_queue_; // the queue of work

  void OpenForDay();
  void CustomerArrived(Event *event);
  void CustomerDeparture(Event *event);
  int FindShortestQueue();
  void SortEventList();
};

#endif

c_cpp_properties.json

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Mac",
      "includePath": [
        "${workspaceFolder}/**",
        // This is the include files directory
        "${workspaceFolder}/inc/**", // Have Change
        "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include",
        "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/9.0.0/include",
        "/usr/local/include",
        "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include/c++/v1",
        "/usr/include"
      ],
      "defines": [],
      "macFrameworkPath": [
        "/System/Library/Frameworks",
        "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks",
        "/Library/Frameworks"
      ],
      // Just use Clang compiler
      "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/clang", // Have Change
      "cStandard": "c11",
      "cppStandard": "c++11",
      "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64"
    }
  ],
  "version": 4
}

debugMakefile.md

.PHONY: all

all:

echo $(CXX)

echo $(CXX_FLAGS)

echo $(BUILD_DIR)

echo $(SRC_DIRS)

echo $(LIBDIR)

echo $(LIBS)

echo $(TARGET)

echo $(SRCS)

echo $(OBJS)

echo $(DEPS)

echo $(INC_DIRS)

echo $(INC_FLAGS)

echo $(CPP_FLAGS)


.PHONY: all

all:

echo $(CXX)

echo $(CXX_FLAGS)

echo $(BUILD_DIR)

echo $(SRC_DIRS)

echo $(SRC_DIRS_COMMON)

echo $(LIBDIR)

echo $(LIBS)

echo $(TARGET)

echo $(SRCS)

echo $(SRCS_COMMON)

echo $(OBJS)

echo $(OBJS_COMMON)

echo $(DEPS)

echo $(DEPS_COMMON)

echo $(INC_DIRS)

echo $(INC_FLAGS)

echo $(CPP_FLAGS)

.PHONY: all

all:

echo $(CXX)

echo $(CXX_FLAGS)

echo $(BUILD_DIR)

echo $(SRC_DIRS)

echo $(SRC_DIRS_SRC)

echo $(LIBDIR)

echo $(LIBS)

echo $(TARGET)

echo $(SRCS)

echo $(SRCS_SRC)

echo $(OBJS)

echo $(OBJS_SRC)

echo $(DEPS)

echo $(DEPS_SRC)

echo $(INC_DIRS)

echo $(INC_FLAGS)

echo $(CPP_FLAGS)

launch.json

{
  // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
  // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
  // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Debug With LLDB",
      "type": "lldb",
      "request": "launch",
      // "program" is the target file diretory
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/${fileBasenameNoExtension}", // Have changed
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": true,
      //"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/../build",// Have changed
      //"cwd": "${fileDirName}", ${workspaceFolder}/../build
      // Changes the current working directory directive ("cwd") to the folder
      // where main.cpp is.
      // This "cwd" is the same as "cwd" in the tasks.json 
      // That's the source files directory
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/common", // Have changed
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": false,
      "preLaunchTask": "Compile With clang++"
    }
  ]
}

main.cpp

#include "../bin/bank.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <clocale>

int main(int argc, char *argv[], char*env[]) {
  std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
  // std::setlocale(LC_ALL, L"");
  Bank bank;
  bank.Simulation();

  return 0;
}

onlyseparateObjectMakefile

# -Only Separatedly Generate Object Files But Generate Main Object Add Directory Makefile-
# BIG BIG BIG NEWS
# This Makefile file : generate object file one by one directory 
# Also add main object sources files directory to generate main object
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This is a Makefile fot separated multiple sources to build with VSCode on mac
# Thanks, Job Vranish.
# (https://spin.atomicobject.com/2016/08/26/makefile-c-projects/)
# Reference: Makefile Tutorial
# (https://makefiletutorial.com/)
# Reference: @yagiyuki from Qiita
# (https://qiita.com/yagiyuki/items/ff343d381d9477e89f3b)
# Reference: simonsso from Github
# (https://github.com/simonsso/empty-cpp-project/blob/master/Makefile)
# Reference: Chinese Website blogger CDNS
# (https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22073849/article/details/88893201)
# (1)Compiler
# clang++
CXX = clang++
# CXX = g++
# (2)Compile options
# -Wall -Wextra -std=c++11 -g
CXX_FLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -std=c++11 -g
# (3)Build task directory path
# I do care about out-of-source builds
# ./build
BUILD_DIR ?= ./build
# (4)Source files directory path
# ./src
SRC_DIRS ?= .
SRC_DIRS_SRC ?= ./src
# (5)Library files directory path
LIBDIR :=
# (6)Add library files
LIBS :=

# (7)Target file, excutable file.
#TARGET := main
#TARGET := ${BUILD_DIR}/main
# main
TARGET ?= main
# BUILD_TARGET = ${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET}
# (8)Source files(code), to be compiled
# Find source files we want to compile 
# *expression must around by single quotos
# SRCS = $(wildcard ./src/*.cpp)
# ./src/bank.cpp ./src/main.cpp
SRCS := $(shell find $(SRC_DIRS) -name '*.cpp' -or -name '*.c' -or -name '*.s')
SRCS_SRC := $(shell find $(SRC_DIRS_SRC) -name '*.cpp' -or -name '*.c' -or -name '*.s')
# (9)Object files
# String substituion for every C/C++ file
# e.g: ./src/bank.cpp turns into ./build/bank.cpp.o
#
# ./src/bank..o ./src/main..o
# OBJS = $(patsubst %cpp,%.o,$(SRCS))
# Just prepend a $(BUILD_DIR)/ and append a .o to every source file path:
# ./build/../src/bank.cpp.o
# OBJS := $(SRCS:%=$(BUILD_DIR)/.%.o)
# ./src/bank.cpp.o ./src/main.cpp.o
# OBJS := $(subst $(SRCS),$(BUILD_DIR),$(SRCS:.cpp=.cpp.o))
# ./build/bank.cpp.o ./build/main.cpp.o
# OBJS := $(SRCS:$(SRC_DIRS)/%.cpp=$(BUILD_DIR)/%.cpp.o)
# ./build/bank.o ./build/main.o
# OBJS := $(SRCS:$(SRC_DIRS)/%.cpp=$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o)
# ./build/bank.cpp.o  ./build/main.cpp.o
OBJS := $(patsubst %.cpp, ${BUILD_DIR}/%.cpp.o, $(notdir $(SRCS)))
OBJS_SRC := $(patsubst %.cpp, ${BUILD_DIR}/%.cpp.o, $(notdir $(SRCS_SRC)))
# make: *** build: Is a directory.  Stop.
# OBJS := $(patsubst %.cpp, ${BUILD_DIR}/%.cpp.o, $(notdir $(BUILD_DIR)))
# (10)Dependency files
# which will generate a .d file next to the .o file. Then to use the .d files,
# you just need to find them all:
# 
DEPS := $(OBJS:.o=.d)
DEPS_SRC := $(OBJS_SRC:.o=.d)
# (11)Include files directory path
# Every folder in ./src find include files to be passed via clang 
# INCDIR = -I./inc
# INC_DIR = ./inc
# ./inc
INC_DIRS := ./bin
# If use below this , include files  should be at the same directory 
# with sources files.
# INC_DIRS := $(shell find $(SRC_DIRS) -type d)
# (12)Include files add together a prefix, clang make sense that -I flag
# INCS = -I$(INC_DIR)
INC_FLAGS := $(addprefix -I,$(INC_DIRS))
# LIBS_FLAGS := $(addprefix -L,$(LIBS)) 
# (13)Make Makefiles output Dependency files
# That -MMD and -MP flags together to generate Makefiles 
# That generated Makefiles will take .o as .d to the output
# That "-MMD" and "-MP" To generate the dependency files, all you have to do is
# add some flags to the compile command (supported by both Clang and GCC):
CPP_FLAGS ?= $(INC_FLAGS) -MMD -MP
# Link: Generate executable file from object file
# make your target depend on the objects files:
${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET} : $(OBJS)
#${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET} : $(OBJS) $(OBJS_SRC)	
	$(CXX) $^ -o $@
#    $(CXX) $^ -o $@ $(LIBS_FLAGS)
#	$(CXX) $(OBJS) $(OBJS_SRC)	 -o ${TARGET}
# Compile: Generate object files from source files
# $@ := {TARGET}
# $< := THE first file
# $^ all the dependency
# C++ Sources
#
# BREAK NEWS!!!
# If all the sources files including the main function are separated directory,
# Then you need to generate the object files via one by one directory
# 
# clang++ -I./inc -MMD -MP -Wall -Wextra -std=c++11 -g -c main.cpp src/bank.cpp -o build/main.cpp.o
# clang: error: cannot specify -o when generating multiple output files
# make: *** [build/main.cpp.o] Error 1
#$(OBJS) : $(SRCS)
# make: *** No rule to make target `build/main.cpp.o', needed by `build/main'.  Stop.
# $(BUILD_DIR)/%.cpp.o : $(SRC_DIRS)/%.cpp 
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.cpp.o : $(SRC_DIRS)/common/%.cpp 
	$(MKDIR_P) $(dir $@)
	$(CXX) $(CPP_FLAGS) $(CXX_FLAGS) -c $^ -o $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.cpp.o : $(SRC_DIRS_SRC)/%.cpp 
	$(CXX) $(CPP_FLAGS) $(CXX_FLAGS) -c $^ -o $@
# C Language Sources
# # CC := clang
# # C_FLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -std=c11 -g
# $(BUILD_DIR)/%.c.o: $(SRC_DIRS)/%.c
# $(MKDIR_P) $(dir $@)
# $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(C_FLAGS) -c $< -o $@
# Assembly Langusge Sources
# # AS := NASM/
# # ASFLAGS := # I DO NOT KNOW
# $(BUILD_DIR)/%.s.o: $(SRC_DIRS)/%.s
# $(MKDIR_P) $(dir $@)
# $(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
.PHONY:  clean 
clean:
# rm  ./build/./build/bank.cpp.d ./build/main.cpp.d ./build/ ./build/bank.cpp.o  ./build/main.cpp.o ./build/main
# rm: ./build/./build/bank.cpp.d: No such file or directory
# rm: ./build/: is a directory
# make: *** [clean] Error 1
#rm  ${BUILD_DIR}/$(DEPS) ${BUILD_DIR}/$(OBJS) ${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET}
# ld: can't open output file for writing: /Users/yq/VSCode/CppProject/fitBodyFarm/build/main, errno=2 for architecture x86_64
# clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
#	$(RM) -r $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(RM) $(DEPS) $(OBJS) ${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET} 
	
-include $(DEPS) 

MKDIR_P ?= mkdir -p


# Just use ".PHONY: all" to debug my Makefile.
# Just use "all:" to debug my Makefile.
# Just use "echo $(variable)" to debug my Makefile.
# eg:
# .PHONY: all
# all:
#	echo $(CXX)
#	echo $(CXX_FLAGS)
#	echo $(BUILD_DIR)
#	echo $(SRC_DIRS)
#	echo $(LIBDIR)
#	echo $(LIBS)
#	echo $(TARGET)
#	echo $(SRCS)
#	echo $(OBJS)
#	echo $(DEPS)
#	echo $(INC_DIRS)
#	echo $(INC_FLAGS)
#	echo $(CPP_FLAGS)
# 
# OR
# .PHONY: all
# all:
#	echo $(CXX)
#	echo $(CXX_FLAGS)
#	echo $(BUILD_DIR)
#	echo $(SRC_DIRS)
#	echo $(SRC_DIRS_SRC)
#	echo $(LIBDIR)
#	echo $(LIBS)
#	echo $(TARGET)
#	echo $(SRCS)
#	echo $(SRCS_SRC)
#	echo $(OBJS)
#	echo $(OBJS_SRC)
#	echo $(DEPS)
#	echo $(DEPS_SRC)
#	echo $(INC_DIRS)
#	echo $(INC_FLAGS)
#	echo $(CPP_FLAGS)

separateObjectMergeGenerateTargetMakefile

# --------Separated Generated Object Merge To Generate Target Makefile---------
# BIG BIG BIG NEWS
# This Makefile file : generate object file one by one directory 
# Also Merge object files to generate target file
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This is a Makefile fot separated multiple sources to build with VSCode on mac
# Thanks, Job Vranish.
# (https://spin.atomicobject.com/2016/08/26/makefile-c-projects/)
# Reference: Makefile Tutorial
# (https://makefiletutorial.com/)
# Reference: @yagiyuki from Qiita
# (https://qiita.com/yagiyuki/items/ff343d381d9477e89f3b)
# Reference: simonsso from Github
# (https://github.com/simonsso/empty-cpp-project/blob/master/Makefile)
# Reference: Chinese Website blogger CDNS
# (https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22073849/article/details/88893201)
# (1)Compiler
# clang++
CXX = clang++
# CXX = g++
# (2)Compile options
# -Wall -Wextra -std=c++11 -g
CXX_FLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -std=c++11 -g
# (3)Build task directory path
# I do care about out-of-source builds
# ./build
BUILD_DIR ?= ./build
# (4)Source files directory path
# ./src
SRC_DIRS ?= ./common
SRC_DIRS_SRC ?= ./src
# (5)Library files directory path
LIBDIR :=
# (6)Add library files
LIBS :=

# (7)Target file, excutable file.
#TARGET := main
#TARGET := ${BUILD_DIR}/main
# main
TARGET ?= main
# BUILD_TARGET = ${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET}
# (8)Source files(code), to be compiled
# Find source files we want to compile 
# *expression must around by single quotos
# SRCS = $(wildcard ./src/*.cpp)
# ./src/bank.cpp ./src/main.cpp
SRCS := $(shell find $(SRC_DIRS) -name '*.cpp' -or -name '*.c' -or -name '*.s')
SRCS_SRC := $(shell find $(SRC_DIRS_SRC) -name '*.cpp' -or -name '*.c' -or -name '*.s')
# (9)Object files
# String substituion for every C/C++ file
# e.g: ./src/bank.cpp turns into ./build/bank.cpp.o
#
# ./src/bank..o ./src/main..o
# OBJS = $(patsubst %cpp,%.o,$(SRCS))
# Just prepend a $(BUILD_DIR)/ and append a .o to every source file path:
# ./build/../src/bank.cpp.o
# OBJS := $(SRCS:%=$(BUILD_DIR)/.%.o)
# ./src/bank.cpp.o ./src/main.cpp.o
# OBJS := $(subst $(SRCS),$(BUILD_DIR),$(SRCS:.cpp=.cpp.o))
# ./build/bank.cpp.o ./build/main.cpp.o
# OBJS := $(SRCS:$(SRC_DIRS)/%.cpp=$(BUILD_DIR)/%.cpp.o)
# ./build/bank.o ./build/main.o
# OBJS := $(SRCS:$(SRC_DIRS)/%.cpp=$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o)
# ./build/bank.cpp.o  ./build/main.cpp.o
OBJS := $(patsubst %.cpp, ${BUILD_DIR}/%.cpp.o, $(notdir $(SRCS)))
OBJS_SRC := $(patsubst %.cpp, ${BUILD_DIR}/%.cpp.o, $(notdir $(SRCS_SRC)))
# make: *** build: Is a directory.  Stop.
# OBJS := $(patsubst %.cpp, ${BUILD_DIR}/%.cpp.o, $(notdir $(BUILD_DIR)))
# (10)Dependency files
# which will generate a .d file next to the .o file. Then to use the .d files,
# you just need to find them all:
# 
DEPS := $(OBJS:.o=.d)
DEPS_SRC := $(OBJS_SRC:.o=.d)
# (11)Include files directory path
# Every folder in ./src find include files to be passed via clang 
# INCDIR = -I./inc
# INC_DIR = ./inc
# ./inc
INC_DIRS := ./bin
# If use below this , include files  should be at the same directory 
# with sources files.
# INC_DIRS := $(shell find $(SRC_DIRS) -type d)
# (12)Include files add together a prefix, clang make sense that -I flag
# INCS = -I$(INC_DIR)
INC_FLAGS := $(addprefix -I,$(INC_DIRS))
# LIBS_FLAGS := $(addprefix -L,$(LIBS)) 
# (13)Make Makefiles output Dependency files
# That -MMD and -MP flags together to generate Makefiles 
# That generated Makefiles will take .o as .d to the output
# That "-MMD" and "-MP" To generate the dependency files, all you have to do is
# add some flags to the compile command (supported by both Clang and GCC):
CPP_FLAGS ?= $(INC_FLAGS) -MMD -MP

# Link: Generate executable file from object file
# make your target depend on the objects files:
#${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET} : $(OBJS)
${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET} : $(OBJS) $(OBJS_SRC)	
	$(CXX) $^ -o $@
#    $(CXX) $^ -o $@ $(LIBS_FLAGS)
#	$(CXX) $(OBJS) $(OBJS_SRC)	 -o ${TARGET}
# Compile: Generate object files from source files
# $@ := {TARGET}
# $< := THE first file
# $^ all the dependency
# C++ Sources
#
# BREAK NEWS!!!
# If all the sources files including the main function are separated directory,
# Then you need to generate the object files via one by one directory
# 
# clang++ -I./inc -MMD -MP -Wall -Wextra -std=c++11 -g -c main.cpp src/bank.cpp -o build/main.cpp.o
# clang: error: cannot specify -o when generating multiple output files
# make: *** [build/main.cpp.o] Error 1
#$(OBJS) : $(SRCS)
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.cpp.o : $(SRC_DIRS)/%.cpp 
	$(MKDIR_P) $(dir $@)
	$(CXX) $(CPP_FLAGS) $(CXX_FLAGS) -c $^ -o $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.cpp.o : $(SRC_DIRS_SRC)/%.cpp 
	$(CXX) $(CPP_FLAGS) $(CXX_FLAGS) -c $^ -o $@
# C Language Sources
# # CC := clang
# # C_FLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -std=c11 -g
# $(BUILD_DIR)/%.c.o: $(SRC_DIRS)/%.c
# $(MKDIR_P) $(dir $@)
# $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(C_FLAGS) -c $< -o $@
# Assembly Langusge Sources
# # AS := NASM/
# # ASFLAGS := # I DO NOT KNOW
# $(BUILD_DIR)/%.s.o: $(SRC_DIRS)/%.s
# $(MKDIR_P) $(dir $@)
# $(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
.PHONY:  clean 
clean:
# rm  ./build/./build/bank.cpp.d ./build/main.cpp.d ./build/ ./build/bank.cpp.o  ./build/main.cpp.o ./build/main
# rm: ./build/./build/bank.cpp.d: No such file or directory
# rm: ./build/: is a directory
# make: *** [clean] Error 1
#rm  ${BUILD_DIR}/$(DEPS) ${BUILD_DIR}/$(OBJS) ${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET}
# ld: can't open output file for writing: /Users/yq/VSCode/CppProject/fitBodyFarm/build/main, errno=2 for architecture x86_64
# clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
#	$(RM) -r $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(RM) $(DEPS) $(DEPS_SRC) $(OBJS) $(OBJS_SRC) ${BUILD_DIR}/${TARGET} 
	
-include $(DEPS) $(DEPS_SRC)

MKDIR_P ?= mkdir -p


# Just use ".PHONY: all" to debug my Makefile.
# Just use "all:" to debug my Makefile.
# Just use "echo $(variable)" to debug my Makefile.
# eg:
# .PHONY: all
# all:
#	echo $(CXX)
#	echo $(CXX_FLAGS)
#	echo $(BUILD_DIR)
#	echo $(SRC_DIRS)
#	echo $(SRC_DIRS_SRC)
#	echo $(LIBDIR)
#	echo $(LIBS)
#	echo $(TARGET)
#	echo $(SRCS)
#	echo $(SRCS_SRC)
#	echo $(OBJS)
#	echo $(OBJS_SRC)
#	echo $(DEPS)
#	echo $(DEPS_SRC)
#	echo $(INC_DIRS)
#	echo $(INC_FLAGS)
#	echo $(CPP_FLAGS)

settings.json

{
    "files.defaultLanguage": "c++",
    "editor.suggest.snippetsPreventQuickSuggestions": false,
    "editor.acceptSuggestionOnEnter": "off",
    "code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
    "code-runner.executorMap": {
        // // 0.Only One Simple C/C++ file build, compile, debug...
        //"c": "cd $dir && gcc -std=c11 -stdlib=libc++  $fileName  -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        //"cpp": "cd $dir && g++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt"
        //"c": "cd $dir && make  && ./fileNameWithoutExt && make clean",
        //"cpp": "cd $dir && make && ./fileNmaeWithoutExt && make clean"
        // "c": "cd $dir && make main  && ../build/main && make clean",
        // "cpp": "cd $dir && make main && ../build/main && make clean"
        // 1.0 Reference
        // Thanks chinese website blogger!
        // (Configure multiple c file compilation with vscode on Mac os)
        // https://blog.csdn.net/songjun007/article/details/117641162
        //"c": "cd $dir && gcc -std=c11 -stdlib=libc++  -I ${workspaceFolder}/inc ${workspaceFolder}/*.c  -o ${workspaceFolder}/build/${fileBasenameNoExtension} && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        //"cpp": "cd $dir && g++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -I ${workspaceFolder}/inc ${workspaceFolder}/*.cpp -o ${workspaceFolder}/build/${fileBasenameNoExtension} && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt"
        // 1.1Use gcc or g++
        // "c": "cd $dir && gcc -std=c11 -stdlib=libc++  $dir/../src/*.c  -o $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt && $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt",
        //"cpp": "cd $dir && g++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++  $dir/../src/*.cpp -o $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt && $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt"
        //
        // clang -g /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBody/src/bank.cpp /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBody/src/main.cpp -o /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBody/build/main
        // 1.2Use clang or clang++ 
        //"c": "cd $dir && clang -std=c11 -stdlib=libc++  $dir/../src/*.c  -o $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt && $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt",
        //"cpp": "cd $dir && clang++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++  $dir/../src/*.cpp -o $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt && $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt"
        "c": "cd $dir/../ && make && $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt && make clean",
        "cpp": "cd $dir/../ && make && $dir/../build/$fileNameWithoutExt && make clean"
    },
    "code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true,
    "code-runner.preserveFocus": false,
    "code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": false,
    "code-runner.ignoreSelection": true,
    "C_Cpp.clang_format_sortIncludes": true,
    "editor.formatOnType": true,
    "clang.cxxflags": [
        "-std=c++11"
    ],
    "clang.cflags": [
        "-std=c11"
    ],
    "C_Cpp.updateChannel": "Insiders",
    "[makefile]": {
        "editor.insertSpaces": true
    },
    "C_Cpp.default.includePath": [
        "${workspaceFolder}/inc"
    ],
    "clang.completion.enable": true
}

tasks.json

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "label": "Compile With clang++",
      // Just use clang compiler
      //"command": "clang++",/usr/bin/clang++
      "command": "/usr/bin/clang++", // Have changed
      "args": [
        "-std=c++11",
        "-stdlib=libc++",
        // My project fitBodyBootCamp were under 
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBody
        // So ${workspcaeFolder} also were
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBody
        // all the *.cpp files were under
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBody/src
        // this is the source files diretory
        "${workspaceFolder}/common/*.cpp", // Have changed
        "${workspaceFolder}/src/*.cpp", // Have changed
        "-o",
        // Thanks those chiense website bloggers!
        // 1.mac vscode compile c++ multi-directory code demo
        // https://blog.csdn.net/fangfengzhen115/article/details/121496770?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2~default~baidujs_baidulandingword~default-4.pc_relevant_default&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242.3&utm_relevant_index=7
        // 2.Compile and debug c++ multi-folder project under VSCode (non-makefile)
        // https://blog.csdn.net/BaiRuichang/article/details/106463035
        // I also put the main.o under my build folder directory ../build
        // This after "-o"  is the target file main.o or main.out or main
        "${workspaceFolder}/build/${fileBasenameNoExtension}", // Have changed
        "-I",
        "${workspaceFolder}/inc",
        "-Wall",
        "-g"
      ],
      "options": {
        // "cwd" is the source files directory
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/common" // Have changed
      },
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      }
    }
  ]
}