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Created January 31, 2021 18:35
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Low-poly image generator
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index.html
<script>console.clear();</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://unpkg.com/vue@2"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/build/dat.gui.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/inspirit/jsfeat@master/build/jsfeat.js"></script>
<script>
/*
tuple by Ry-♦
https://stackoverflow.com/a/21839292/1869660
*/
window.tuple = (function(){"use strict";let map=new Map();function tuple(){let current=map;let args=Object.freeze(Array.from(arguments));for(let item of args){if(current.has(item)){current=current.get(item);}else{let next=new Map();current.set(item,next);current=next;}}if(!current._myVal){current._myVal=args;}return current._myVal;}return tuple;})();
/*
(c) 2017, Vladimir Agafonkin
Simplify.js, a high-performance JS polyline simplification library
mourner.github.io/simplify-js
*/
window.simplify = (function(){"use strict";function n(n,r){var t=n[0]-r[0],u=n[1]-r[1];return t*t+u*u}function r(n,r,t){var u=r[0],i=r[1],f=t[0]-u,o=t[1]-i;if(0!==f||0!==o){var e=((n[0]-u)*f+(n[1]-i)*o)/(f*f+o*o);e>1?(u=t[0],i=t[1]):e>0&&(u+=f*e,i+=o*e)}return f=n[0]-u,o=n[1]-i,f*f+o*o}function t(r,t){for(var u,i=r[0],f=[i],o=1,e=r.length;e>o;o++)u=r[o],n(u,i)>t&&(f.push(u),i=u);return i!==u&&f.push(u),f}function u(n,t,i,f,o){for(var e,v=f,a=t+1;i>a;a++){var c=r(n[a],n[t],n[i]);c>v&&(e=a,v=c)}v>f&&(e-t>1&&u(n,t,e,f,o),o.push(n[e]),i-e>1&&u(n,e,i,f,o))}function i(n,r){var t=n.length-1,i=[n[0]];return u(n,0,t,r,i),i.push(n[t]),i}function f(n,r,u){if(n.length<=2)return n;var f=void 0!==r?r*r:1;return n=u?n:t(n,f),n=i(n,f)}return f})();
/*
https://github.com/mikolalysenko/cdt2d
A robust 2D constrained Delaunay triangulation library written in JavaScript
Copyright (c) 2015 Mikola Lysenko. The MIT License (MIT)
*/
window.cdt2d = (function(){"use strict";function r(r,n,t,e,a){for(var u=a+1;a>=e;){var o=e+a>>>1,i=r[o],s=void 0!==t?t(i,n):i-n;s>=0?(u=o,a=o-1):e=o+1}return u}function n(r,n,t,e,a){for(var u=a+1;a>=e;){var o=e+a>>>1,i=r[o],s=void 0!==t?t(i,n):i-n;s>0?(u=o,a=o-1):e=o+1}return u}function t(r,n,t,e,a){for(var u=e-1;a>=e;){var o=e+a>>>1,i=r[o],s=void 0!==t?t(i,n):i-n;0>s?(u=o,e=o+1):a=o-1}return u}function e(r,n,t,e,a){for(var u=e-1;a>=e;){var o=e+a>>>1,i=r[o],s=void 0!==t?t(i,n):i-n;0>=s?(u=o,e=o+1):a=o-1}return u}function a(r,n,t,e,a){for(;a>=e;){var u=e+a>>>1,o=r[u],i=void 0!==t?t(o,n):o-n;if(0===i)return u;0>=i?e=u+1:a=u-1}return-1}function u(r,n,t,e,a,u){return"function"==typeof t?u(r,n,t,void 0===e?0:0|e,void 0===a?r.length-1:0|a):u(r,n,void 0,void 0===t?0:0|t,void 0===e?r.length-1:0|e)}function o(r){var n={exports:{}};return r(n,n.exports),n.exports}function i(r,n,t){var e=r*n,a=K*r,u=a-r,o=a-u,i=r-o,s=K*n,f=s-n,h=s-f,v=n-h,l=e-o*h,c=l-i*h,p=c-o*v,g=i*v-p;return 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n||(n=g[r.length]=o(r.length)),n.apply(void 0,r)}function s(){for(;g.length<=f;)g.push(o(g.length));for(var n=[],t=["slow"],e=0;f>=e;++e)n.push("a"+e),t.push("o"+e);for(var a=["function getOrientation(",n.join(),"){switch(arguments.length){case 0:case 1:return 0;"],e=2;f>=e;++e)a.push("case ",e,":return o",e,"(",n.slice(0,e).join(),");");a.push("}var s=new Array(arguments.length);for(var i=0;i<arguments.length;++i){s[i]=arguments[i]};return slow(s);}return getOrientation"),t.push(a.join(""));var u=Function.apply(void 0,t);r.exports=u.apply(void 0,[i].concat(g));for(var e=0;f>=e;++e)r.exports[e]=g[e]}var f=5,h=1.1102230246251565e-16,v=(3+16*h)*h,l=(7+56*h)*h,c=o(3),p=o(4),g=[function(){return 0},function(){return 0},function(r,n){return n[0]-r[0]},function(r,n,t){var e,a=(r[1]-t[1])*(n[0]-t[0]),u=(r[0]-t[0])*(n[1]-t[1]),o=a-u;if(a>0){if(0>=u)return o;e=a+u}else{if(!(0>a))return o;if(u>=0)return o;e=-(a+u)}var i=v*e;return o>=i||-i>=o?o:c(r,n,t)},function(r,n,t,e){var a=r[0]-e[0],u=n[0]-e[0],o=t[0]-e[0],i=r[1]-e[1],s=n[1]-e[1],f=t[1]-e[1],h=r[2]-e[2],v=n[2]-e[2],c=t[2]-e[2],g=u*f,d=o*s,y=o*i,b=a*f,m=a*s,w=u*i,x=h*(g-d)+v*(y-b)+c*(m-w),A=(Math.abs(g)+Math.abs(d))*Math.abs(h)+(Math.abs(y)+Math.abs(b))*Math.abs(v)+(Math.abs(m)+Math.abs(w))*Math.abs(c),M=l*A;return x>M||-x>M?x:p(r,n,t,e)}];s()}),U=R[3],V=0,W=1,X=2,Y=A,Z=j,$=M.prototype;$.isConstraint=function(){function r(r,n){return r[0]-n[0]||r[1]-n[1]}var n=[0,0];return function(t,e){return n[0]=Math.min(t,e),n[1]=Math.max(t,e),H.eq(this.edges,n,r)>=0}}(),$.removeTriangle=function(r,n,t){var e=this.stars;I(e[r],n,t),I(e[n],t,r),I(e[t],r,n)},$.addTriangle=function(r,n,t){var e=this.stars;e[r].push(n,t),e[n].push(t,r),e[t].push(r,n)},$.opposite=function(r,n){for(var t=this.stars[n],e=1,a=t.length;a>e;e+=2)if(t[e]===r)return t[e-1];return-1},$.flip=function(r,n){var t=this.opposite(r,n),e=this.opposite(n,r);this.removeTriangle(r,n,t),this.removeTriangle(n,r,e),this.addTriangle(r,e,t),this.addTriangle(n,t,e)},$.edges=function(){for(var r=this.stars,n=[],t=0,e=r.length;e>t;++t)for(var a=r[t],u=0,o=a.length;o>u;u+=2)n.push([a[u],a[u+1]]);return n},$.cells=function(){for(var r=this.stars,n=[],t=0,e=r.length;e>t;++t)for(var a=r[t],u=0,o=a.length;o>u;u+=2){var i=a[u],s=a[u+1];t<Math.min(i,s)&&n.push([t,i,s])}return n};var _=o(function(r){function n(r,n){for(var t=Array(r.length-1),e=1;e<r.length;++e)for(var a=t[e-1]=Array(r.length-1),u=0,o=0;u<r.length;++u)u!==n&&(a[o++]=r[e][u]);return t}function t(r){for(var n=Array(r),t=0;r>t;++t){n[t]=Array(r);for(var e=0;r>e;++e)n[t][e]="m"+e+"["+(r-t-2)+"]"}return n}function e(r){if(1===r.length)return r[0];if(2===r.length)return"sum("+r[0]+","+r[1]+")";var n=r.length>>1;return"sum("+e(r.slice(0,n))+","+e(r.slice(n))+")"}function a(r,n){if("m"===r.charAt(0)){if("w"===n.charAt(0)){var t=r.split("[");return"w"+n.substr(1)+"m"+t[0].substr(1)}return"prod("+r+","+n+")"}return a(n,r)}function u(r){return r&!0?"-":""}function o(r){if(2===r.length)return["diff("+a(r[0][0],r[1][1])+","+a(r[1][0],r[0][1])+")"];for(var t=[],i=0;i<r.length;++i)t.push("scale("+e(o(n(r,i)))+","+u(i)+r[0][i]+")");return t}function i(r,n){for(var t=[],a=0;n-2>a;++a)t.push("prod(m"+r+"["+a+"],m"+r+"["+a+"])");return e(t)}function s(r){for(var a=[],u=[],s=t(r),f=0;r>f;++f)s[0][f]="1",s[r-1][f]="w"+f;for(var f=0;r>f;++f)0===(1&f)?a.push.apply(a,o(n(s,f))):u.push.apply(u,o(n(s,f)));for(var h=e(a),v=e(u),l="exactInSphere"+r,c=[],f=0;r>f;++f)c.push("m"+f);for(var p=["function ",l,"(",c.join(),"){"],f=0;r>f;++f){p.push("var w",f,"=",i(f,r),";");for(var g=0;r>g;++g)g!==f&&p.push("var w",f,"m",g,"=scale(w",f,",m",g,"[0]);")}p.push("var p=",h,",n=",v,",d=diff(p,n);return d[d.length-1];}return ",l);var d=Function("sum","diff","prod","scale",p.join(""));return d(L,Q,J,P)}function f(){return 0}function h(){return 0}function v(){return 0}function l(r){var n=g[r.length];return n||(n=g[r.length]=s(r.length)),n.apply(void 0,r)}function c(){for(;g.length<=p;)g.push(s(g.length));for(var n=[],t=["slow"],e=0;p>=e;++e)n.push("a"+e),t.push("o"+e);for(var a=["function testInSphere(",n.join(),"){switch(arguments.length){case 0:case 1:return 0;"],e=2;p>=e;++e)a.push("case ",e,":return o",e,"(",n.slice(0,e).join(),");");a.push("}var s=new Array(arguments.length);for(var i=0;i<arguments.length;++i){s[i]=arguments[i]};return slow(s);}return testInSphere"),t.push(a.join(""));var u=Function.apply(void 0,t);r.exports=u.apply(void 0,[l].concat(g));for(var e=0;p>=e;++e)r.exports[e]=g[e]}var p=6,g=[f,h,v];c()}),rr=_[4],nr=q,tr=k,er=C.prototype;er.locate=function(){var r=[0,0,0];return function(n,t,e){var a=n,u=t,o=e;return e>t?n>t&&(a=t,u=e,o=n):n>e&&(a=e,u=n,o=t),0>a?-1:(r[0]=a,r[1]=u,r[2]=o,H.eq(this.cells,r,F))}}();var ar=G;return ar})();
</script>
<main id="app">
<input type="file" id="sourceImg" accept="image/*" />
<div id="basic">
<canvas id="source" v-bind="size"></canvas>
<svg id="low-poly" v-bind="size" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width=".5">
<polygon v-for="tri in triangles" :points="tri" :color="pickColor(tri)" />
</svg>
<span class="credit">Example hoto by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@n0plex?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Daniil Lebedev</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/@n0plex?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a></span>
</div>
<details id="advanced">
<summary>Advanced</summary>
<div>
<div id="controls"></div>
<canvas id="edges" v-bind="size"></canvas>
<svg id="lines" v-bind="size">
<g id="delaunay">
<polygon v-for="tri in triangles" :points="tri" />
</g>
<g id="polys">
<polyline v-for="(line, i) in polylines" :points="line" :style="{ stroke: debugColor(i) }" />
</g>
</svg>
</div>
</details>
</main>
Raw
script.js
(function() {
"use strict";
function log() {
const now = new Date(),
time = now.toLocaleTimeString() + '.' + now.getMilliseconds().toString().padEnd(3, '0');
console.log.apply(console, [time].concat(Array.from(arguments)));
}
function debugColor(i) {
//https://coolors.co/ffbe0b-fb5607-ff006e-8338ec-3a86ff-79ff4d
//https://learnui.design/tools/data-color-picker.html#divergent
const colors = [
[0xff, 0x00, 0x00],
[0xff, 0xff, 0x00],
[0x00, 0xff, 0x00],
[0x00, 0xff, 0xff],
[0x00, 0x00, 0xff],
[0xff, 0x00, 0xff],
];
const color = colors[i % colors.length];
return color;
}
const _state = {
options: {
zoom: 1,
canny: {
blur_radius: 4, //5,
low_threshold: 1,
high_threshold: 80, //70,
},
tracing: {
minLength: 10,
lineTolerance: 4, //7,
useDelaunay: true,
}
},
image: {
width: 0,
height: 0,
traced: [],
},
};
let _img, _w, _h, _ctx, _ctxSource, _sourceData, _bitmap;
function setImage(img) {
_img = img;
_w = img.width;
_h = img.height;
const measure = Math.max(_w, _h);
if(measure > 600) {
const shrink = 600/measure;
_w = Math.round(_w * shrink);
_h = Math.round(_h * shrink);
}
_state.image.width = _w;
_state.image.height = _h;
_ctx = document.querySelector('#edges').getContext("2d");
_ctxSource = document.querySelector('#source').getContext("2d");
_bitmap = new jsfeat.matrix_t(_w, _h, jsfeat.U8C1_t);
}
function render() {
_ctxSource.drawImage(_img, 0, 0, _w, _h);
_sourceData = _ctxSource.getImageData(0, 0, _w, _h);
const ctx = _ctx,
canny = _state.options.canny;
ctx.drawImage(_img, 0, 0, _w, _h);
var imageData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, _w, _h);
log("grayscale");
jsfeat.imgproc.grayscale(imageData.data, _w, _h, _bitmap);
var r = canny.blur_radius | 0;
var kernel_size = (r + 1) << 1;
log("gauss blur", r, kernel_size);
jsfeat.imgproc.gaussian_blur(_bitmap, _bitmap, kernel_size, 0);
log("canny edge");
jsfeat.imgproc.canny(
_bitmap,
_bitmap,
canny.low_threshold,
canny.high_threshold
);
// render result back to canvas
log("render", _bitmap);
const data_u32 = new Uint32Array(imageData.data.buffer);
function setPixel(i, r, g, b) {
const alpha = 0xff << 24;
data_u32[i] = alpha | (b << 16)| (g << 8) | r;
}
let i = _bitmap.cols * _bitmap.rows,
pix = 0;
while (--i >= 0) {
pix = _bitmap.data[i] ? 160 : 0;
setPixel(i, pix, pix, pix);
}
ctx.putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
log('trace lines');
const grid = [];
i = 0;
for(let y = 0; y < _h; y++) {
const row = _bitmap.data.slice(i, i + _w);
grid.push(row);
i += _w;
}
//console.log(grid);
const traces = [];
for(let y = 0; y < _h; y++) {
for(let x = 0; x < _w; x++) {
const px = grid[y][x];
if(px) {
traces.push.apply(traces, traceFrom(x, y));
}
}
}
log('traced lines', traces.length); //.reduce((sum, x) => sum + x.length, 0));
const tracing = _state.options.tracing;
const importantLines = [];
traces.forEach(trace => {
if(trace.length < tracing.minLength) { return; }
//Mark pixels:
const [r, g, b] = debugColor(importantLines.length);
trace.forEach(([x, y]) => setPixel(y * _w + x, r, g, b));
importantLines.push(trace);
});
ctx.putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
_state.image.traced = importantLines;
log('drawn lines', importantLines.length);
function traceFrom(x_1, y_1) {
//const lines = [];
const branches = [];
function checkPixel(x, y) {
return grid[y] && grid[y][x];
}
function findNext(x, y, findAll) {
const options = [];
//Check up/down/left/right first, and only diagonals if we don't find anything.
//This will let us trace "staircases" as one line, and not a series or intersections.
if(checkPixel(x, y - 1)) { options.push(tuple(x, y - 1)); }
if(checkPixel(x, y + 1)) { options.push(tuple(x, y + 1)); }
if(checkPixel(x - 1, y)) { options.push(tuple(x - 1, y)); }
if(checkPixel(x + 1, y)) { options.push(tuple(x + 1, y)); }
if(options.length && !findAll) { return options; }
if(checkPixel(x - 1, y - 1)) { options.push(tuple(x - 1, y - 1)); }
if(checkPixel(x + 1, y - 1)) { options.push(tuple(x + 1, y - 1)); }
if(checkPixel(x - 1, y + 1)) { options.push(tuple(x - 1, y + 1)); }
if(checkPixel(x + 1, y + 1)) { options.push(tuple(x + 1, y + 1)); }
return options;
}
function collect(a, b, branch) {
branch.push(tuple(a, b));
grid[b][a] = 0;
}
function addBranch(startX, startY) {
const branch = [];
collect(startX, startY, branch);
branches.push(branch);
return branch;
}
//Start by initing our main branch
addBranch(x_1, y_1);
for(let i = 0; i < branches.length; i++) {
const branch = branches[i];
let [x0, y0] = branch[0],
[x, y] = branch[branch.length - 1];
let nexts, pass = 1, endOfLine = false;
while(true) {
nexts = findNext(x, y);
//If we reach an intersection:
if((nexts.length > 1) && (branch.length > 1)) {
//This may just be a 1px branch/noise, or a small section where the edge is 2px wide.
//To test that, we look at all the pixels we can reach from the first step of a new branch.
//If there are no more pixels than we can reach from our current position,
//it's just noise and not an actual branch.
const currentReach = findNext(x, y, true);
let maxReach = -1, maxBranch, toDelete = [];
nexts = nexts.filter(([xx, yy]) => {
const branchReach = findNext(xx, yy, true),
branchHasNewPixels = branchReach.some(px => !currentReach.includes(px));
if(branchReach.length > maxReach) {
maxReach = branchReach.length;
maxBranch = tuple(xx, yy);
}
//If we decide this is just noise, clear the pixel so it's not picked up by a later traceFrom().
//Do that after this loop is finished, or else it will interfere with the other branches chance at a `maxReach`:
if(!branchHasNewPixels) { toDelete.push(tuple(xx, yy)); }
return branchHasNewPixels;
});
toDelete.forEach(([xx, yy]) => grid[yy][xx] = 0);
//If we filtered away all the branches, keep the one with more pixels.
//This lets us go around noisy corners or finish noisy line ends:
if(nexts.length === 0) { nexts = [maxBranch]; }
//This is a real intersection of branches:
if(nexts.length > 1) {
nexts.forEach(coord => {
const otherBranch = addBranch(x, y);
collect(coord[0], coord[1], otherBranch);
});
endOfLine = true;
}
}
//Keep following the current branch:
if(nexts.length && !endOfLine) {
[x, y] = nexts[0];
collect(x, y, branch);
}
else {
endOfLine = true;
}
if(endOfLine) {
if(pass === 1) {
//Reverse and trace in the other direction from our starting point;
branch.reverse();
x = x0;
y = y0;
pass = 2;
endOfLine = false;
}
else {
break;
}
}
}
}
return branches;
}
}
function load() {
(function controls() {
const canny = new dat.GUI({ autoPlace: false });
//canny.add(_state.options, "zoom", 1, 6).step(1).onChange(x => document.querySelector('#result').style.zoom = x);
const cannyHeader = canny.addFolder('Canny edge detection');
cannyHeader.open();
cannyHeader.add(_state.options.canny, "blur_radius", 0, 10).step(1).onChange(render);
cannyHeader.add(_state.options.canny, "low_threshold", 1, 200).step(1).onChange(render);
cannyHeader.add(_state.options.canny, "high_threshold", 1, 200).step(1).onChange(render);
const tracing = new dat.GUI({ autoPlace: false });
const tracingHeader = tracing.addFolder('Line tracing');
tracingHeader.open();
tracingHeader.add(_state.options.tracing, "minLength", 0, 50).step(1).onChange(render);
tracingHeader.add(_state.options.tracing, "lineTolerance", 0, 10).step(1).onChange(render);
tracingHeader.add(_state.options.tracing, "useDelaunay").onChange(render);
document.querySelector('#controls').insertAdjacentElement('afterbegin', tracing.domElement);
document.querySelector('#controls').insertAdjacentElement('afterbegin', canny.domElement);
})();
const img = new Image();
img.onload = e => {
setImage(img);
//Changing a canvas' size (which is done by Vue) clears its content,
//so make sure we render() *after* the size has changed:
setTimeout(render, 0);
}
document.querySelector('#sourceImg').onchange = function(e) {
var url = URL.createObjectURL(this.files[0]);
img.src = url;
};
img.crossOrigin = "anonymous";
img.src = 'https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1589221158826-aed6c80c3f15?ixid=MXwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHw%3D&ixlib=rb-1.2.1&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1350&q=80';
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: _state,
computed: {
size() {
if(this.image.width) {
return { width: this.image.width, height: this.image.height };
}
},
polylines() {
return this.image.traced.map(trace => {
const tracing = this.options.tracing;
return simplify(trace, tracing.lineTolerance, true);
});
},
triangles() {
if(!this.polylines.length) { return []; }
const points = new Set(), edges = [];
this.polylines.forEach(poly => {
let p1 = tuple(...poly[0]), p2;
points.add(p1);
for(let i = 1; i < poly.length; i++) {
p2 = tuple(...poly[i]);
points.add(p2);
edges.push([p1, p2]);
p1 = p2;
}
});
//Constrained Delaunay triangulation:
const pointsArr = Array.from(points).concat([
[ 0, 0],
[_w, 0],
[_w, _h],
[ 0, _h]
]);
const edgeIndexes = edges.map(edge => edge.map(p => pointsArr.indexOf(p)));
//console.log('cdt 2', JSON.stringify(pointsArr), JSON.stringify(edgeIndexes));
let delaunay;
try {
delaunay = cdt2d(pointsArr, edgeIndexes, { delaunay: this.options.tracing.useDelaunay });
}
catch(ex) {
//"TypeError: Cannot read property 'upperIds' of undefined"
delaunay = [];
}
const triangles = delaunay.map(tri => tri.map(i => pointsArr[i]));
//console.log('cdt 3', delaunay, triangles);
return triangles;
},
},
methods: {
debugColor(i) {
return `rgb(${debugColor(i)})`;
},
pickColor(triangle) {
const [x, y] = this.centroid(triangle).map(Math.round),
i = 4 * (y * _w + x);
const data = _sourceData.data,
r = data[i],
g = data[i + 1],
b = data[i + 2];
return `rgb(${[r, g, b]})`;
},
centroid(triangle) {
let x = 0, y = 0;
triangle.forEach(point => {
x += point[0];
y += point[1];
});
return [x/3, y/3];
}
},
mounted() {
load();
},
})
})();
Raw
style.scss
body {
font-family: Georgia, sans-serif;
input, button {
font: inherit
}
}
#basic {
margin: .5em 0;
.credit {
display: block;
}
}
#advanced {
image-rendering: pixelated;
summary {
background: orange;
padding: .5em 1em;
}
#lines {
fill: none;
#delaunay {
fill: black;
stroke: gray;
}
#polys {
stroke-width: 2;
stroke-linecap: square;
}
}
.dg.main {
display: inline-block;
.close-button {
display: none;
}
}
}
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