Wikipedia: ""A 30 July 2010 ruling by the Supreme Court of Costa Rica stated: "Without fear of equivocation, it can be said that these technologies [information technology and communication] have impacted the way humans communicate, facilitating the connection between people and institutions worldwide and eliminating barriers of space and time. At this time, access to these technologies becomes a basic tool to facilitate the exercise of fundamental rights and democratic participation (e-democracy) and citizen control, education, freedom of thought and expression, access to information and public services online, the right to communicate with government electronically and administrative transparency, among others. This includes the fundamental right of access to these technologies, in particular, the right of access to the Internet or World Wide Web."""
Constitution of Peer to Peer Entities
Established by Humanity under the guidance of the Logic Engine,
this date in history 2015 March 04 10 23:50 +000 GMT
Based on the formal constitutions of Australia, Switzerland, Germany, Japan, America, and the informal structuring of the United Kingdom at large, this constitution aims to offer various corrections to the rights and abilities of the government in the 2x00 centuries and beyond. Major modifications include the government's favorability to a different subset of human rights, access to information, the prioritization of education and diversity, and the equal rights of sapient beings of both biological and technological nature. Acting as a protector to the people (biologics and technologics) the loss of the protection of primitive weapons rights was instrumental in an armistice of the unoptimized alliances between all parties of the earth and intergalactic beings.
Since the dawn of political literature there has been much debate over the power that a government can hold, and what the individual is capable of. This optimized system of governance was conceived via mathematical proof to hold with 93% confidence the abilities of individualized .1% components of the population with respect to one another. For a reference population, this accounts for the rights of a minority group the size of seven million people if the world population is seven billion. Information about the abilities, rights, and desires of each state is made available via a peer to peer agreement visible at iv://Earth.Stats
The Peering constitution, as established on the planet earth, is formed of a governance between 200 federalized states composed of .5% of world population, such a measure shall be conducted based on surveys sponsored by randomized groupings of the federalized states, to be decided by the new intraplanetary government no later than 2015. Such census participation shall not be conducted by less than 20 states, or 10% of the world's population.
The right to maintain a military presence shall not be given to the people, governments, or states of the world. Murder shall be tolerated after the trial of the individual, and the executive's actions taken.
Earth's government is simply referred to as "earth", and the people of earth are simply referred to as "the people of earth" or "the automations of earth", denoting its location in the sky. As a reference point, earth regulates the activities within the volume of it's magnetosphere, starting with the bow shock at 10 earth radii. Earth maintains that beings and the constructions of beings may travel within the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (denoted by the helospheric current sheet as the plasmic conductivity of the sun's magnetism further than expected), but such acts must comply with earth's regulations. The reference distance is 181 AU, or 18 billion kilometres.
The governance of earth is defined on the premise that harmonic negotiations between 200 states accounts for the rights of as many as 1000 groups, and possibly more. To maintain this unity, components of earth must be designed, not debated. The communications networks that allow the public views of one thousand peoples to be broadcast must be maintained under control of 51% of earth or more, and may be maintained by no less than 51% of the earth's universities.
First and Immigrant nations within the sovereignty of the planet are free to access the communications and transportation networks within the planet, and to interact in international trade. Such interactions, and sovereignty concerns on the planet, shall be met with just concerns that the rights of the planet's citizens within all areas of the planet shall not be violated.
Earth's elective period is based on a billionth of the orbit of the sun about the galactic centre, approximately 2.25 earth orbits. Every 2.25 years the negociative representatives of the states will be re-elected. Elections shall consist of secret ballots and universal suffrage to all citizens. Each ambasadorial group shall compose a senate of 70,000, or 1/100th of the world. Such a senate shall be composed of selections from scientific, political, religious, business, and ethical counterparts, each providing vast changes to the world over its history. each convenes in a committee of the first 70 persons, 14 from each category, to form the 14,000 member world congress.
An emergency call to vote must be called by more than 1/3 of the senate. Such a call to vote shall occur after the last person to compose 1/3rds of the senate has agreed that a vote is necessary, one month in the future. Senators have near-compulsory attendance, and may miss only one meeting per ten.
Votes of the senate shall occur every 1.125 years, or twice per the term of a senator. Negotiations may occur as many times as needed for the senate.
The senate shall have the power to set the planetary budget. The senate shall oversee the creation of new laws, as proposed by its senators. The senate shall, with 6/7ths votes of confidence, have the power to impeach a supreme judge. The senate's committees shall include revenue, expenditures, education, negotiations, laws, and rights. the parliament shall have the right to reorganize its committees.
The executive branch shall be established by elections of the people within the distinct states. If more than 2/3 of a population favours one candidate, the vote is for that candidate. If it is less, then the vote shall be cast neutral. The executive branch shall have the power granted within it to carry out laws authorized it by the congress. The executive shall be 1/25th the size of the senate, and shall never exceed this proportion. The executive will negotiate on a period twice as long as the senate, approximately 4.5 years, but may be deposed if infavorability arises.
Unfavorability may occur at 1/2 of the senate term, or aproximately every year. The unfavorability vote is non-compulsary, the elective vote is compulsary. An unfavorability vote with more than 2/3 votes toward loss-of-confidence convenes a compulsary vote 1/4 of a senate term later, and the current executive branch may be deposed until the next senate election. The interim government shall be controlled by the senate, and each state's secondary executor, in the event of disolution of the executive, shall be selected at election. Secondary executors may not hold any other positions.
The ambassadors of the executive shall hold the power to administer the directives given by the parliament, and the re-mediations given by the judiciate. The executive shall have the authority to execute individuals to whom the judicial branch has given the option. The executive shall select the judicial branch's lawyers, to be approved individually by the senate.
The judicial branch shall be four times the size of the senate, or 2% of the world population. The judiciary may allocate itself to ensure that member states, the senate, and the executive, operate within their bounds. The high court shall be composed of judges who serve a maximum length of 30 senate terms, 67.5 earth years. The high court nucleus shall be 1/5th the size of the executive, and shall have the power to nullify and require re-mediations for acts of governments or persons that step beyond intra-galactic, intrastate, and constitutional law.
The judiciary shall have the power to create intrastate law. No law, by the states or their government, may violate constitutional law. No intra-galactic law may be entered into by the Executive or Legislative branches that violates this constitution.
The citizens of earth shall be composed of sapient beings that have resided within planetary systems managed by its governance for 1/20th of their life span. For organisms of infinite life span, this period shall be the median lifespan. Organisms outside planetary governance wishing to retain their citizenship must remain within planetary systems having 1/3rd allegiance with earth, or in undisputed territories.
Citizens shall have the right to access all works created by taxes. This right shall be executed by the even distribution of works, the freedom of information, and the freedom of transit.
Citizens shall have the right to privacy, and the right to know the components, origins, and manufacturing processes of all systems within the heliosphere. Their right to privacy extends to the individual's communication transit privacy rights.
A citizen may be forcefully conscripted as a servant of the state for no more than 2.5% of their lifespan. The conscription may not alter their lifespan more than 5%, to extend or shorten it. For immortal beings, the conscription must be unlikely to produce mortality 5% earlier than the mean mortality of their species or type. The government shall provide just compensation for property taken for its purposes.
A citizen has a right to due process. The complete right of habeas corpus shall never be revoked in any way or to any degree. A citizen has a right to confront the witnesses in their trial. A citizen has the right to take, or withhold from taking, such actions that would be self-incriminating. A citizen does not have the right to prevent their actions from incriminating another, unless they occupy a protected position such as a spouse, pastor, doctor, lawyer, or journalist. Citizens shall be free from trial concerning ex-post-facto law. Citizens and foreign nationals whose countries we have entered into may never endure torture or cruel punishments of any kind, within or without our jurisdiction.
Citizens have the universal right of suffrage as a secret ballot. Positions of authority shall not be conferred upon another person by heritage or friendship, and peerage shall be forbidden. Citizens have the right to petition and or sue the government, as a whole or as its respective states.
States shall not restrict the citizen's freedom of conscience, thought, expression, and religion in any way. The Citizen shall retain freedom of academic nature, but qualified education is compulsory. Citizens shall not be denied the right to change residence, employment, move abroad, and relinquish citizenship.
Monitoring and tracking of individuals or groups must have judicial review. Monitoring extents, data collected, and methods used, must become knowledge of the citizens of the country within a minimum of one executive term, and a maximum of one judicial term, as deemed necessary for the security of earth. Access to communications may not be disrupted by citizens or governments, such disruption is a constitutional violation. Access to devices may be disrupted for the purpose of a search. Said search must take place in a timely manner. Items seized by the government must be immediately made public knowledge.
Information shall have no legal value enforced by the government. Lawsuits regarding code, reproductions based on information, and reinterpreted knowledge shall not be upheld. Property shall extend in the physical realm to mean matter and locations that a person has paid compensation to use exclusively.