uwsgi nginx django

1. nginx
安装
sudo apt-get install nginx
启动、停止和重启
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
或者

sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx restart
2. uWSGI安装
用python的pip安装最简单：

sudo apt-get install python-dev #不安装这个，下面的安装可能会失败
sudo pip install uwsgi
3. 基于uWSGI和nginx部署Django
1.原理
基于nginx和uwsgi部署django后，从客户端发起请求到服务器响应请求，会经过一下几个环节：

the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django
2.基本测试
测试uWSGI是否正常
在django项目的根目录下创建test.py文件，添加源码如下：

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return ["Hello World"] # python2
    #return [b"Hello World"] # python3
然后，Run uWSGI:

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
参数含义:

http :8000: 使用http协议，8000端口
wsgi-file test.py: 加载指定文件 test.py
打开下面url，浏览器上应该显示hello world

http://example.com:8000
如果显示正确，说明下面3个环节是通畅的：

the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python
测试Django项目是否正常
首先确保project本身是正常的：

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
如果没问题，使用uWSGI把project拉起来：

uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
module mysite.wsgi: 加载wsgi module
如果project能够正常被拉起，说明以下环节是通的：

the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django
3.配置nginx
安装nginx完成后，如果能正常打开http://hostname，说明下面环节是通畅的：

the web client <-> the web server
增加nginx配置
将uwsgi_params文件拷贝到项目文件夹下。uwsgi_params文件在/etc/nginx/目录下，也可以从这个页面下载
在项目文件夹下创建文件mysite_nginx.conf,填入并修改下面内容：
# mysite_nginx.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8000;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}
这个configuration文件告诉nginx从文件系统中拉起media和static文件作为服务，同时相应django的request

在/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下创建本文件的连接，使nginx能够使用它：

sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
部署static文件
在django的setting文件中，添加下面一行内容：

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
然后运行：

python manage.py collectstatic
测试nginx
首先重启nginx服务：

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
然后检查media文件是否已经正常拉起： 在目录/path/to/your/project/project/media directory下添加文件meida.png，然后访问http://example.com:8000/media/media.png ，成功后进行下一步测试。

4.nginx and uWSGI and test.py
执行下面代码测试能否让nginx在页面上显示hello, world

uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
访问http://example.com:8000 ,如果显示hello world，则下面环节是否通畅:

the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python
用UNIX socket取代TCP port
对mysite_nginx.conf做如下修改：

server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
# server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
重启nginx，并在此运行uWSGI

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py
打开 http://example.com:8000/ ，看看是否成功

如果没有成功:

检查 nginx error log(/var/log/nginx/error.log)。如果错误如下：

connect() to unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13: Permission
denied)
添加socket权限再次运行：

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666 # (very permissive)
or

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible)
5.Running the Django application with uswgi and nginx
如果上面一切都显示正常，则下面命令可以拉起django application

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664
Configuring uWSGI to run with a .ini file
每次都运行上面命令拉起django application实在麻烦，使用.ini文件能简化工作，方法如下：

在application目录下创建文件mysite_uwsgi.ini，填入并修改下面内容：

# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /path/to/your/project
# Django's wsgi file
module          = project.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home            = /path/to/virtualenv

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket          = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true
现在，只要执行以下命令，就能够拉起django application：

uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini # the --ini option is used to specify a file
Make uWSGI startup when the system boots
编辑文件/etc/rc.local, 添加下面内容到这行代码之前exit 0:

/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --socket /path/to/mysite.sock --module /path/to/mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666
uWSGI的更多配置
env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings # set an environment variable
pidfile = /tmp/project-master.pid # create a pidfile
harakiri = 20 # respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds
limit-as = 128 # limit the project to 128 MB
max-requests = 5000 # respawn processes after serving 5000 requests
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/yourproject.log # background the process & log