PowerShell script to disable Windows power management on all currently connected serial ports, including most (if not all) USB devices and adapters.

DisableUSBPowerManagement.ps1

# PowerShell script to disable Windows power management on all currently connected serial ports, including USB adapters
# In simpler terms, it prevents Windows from turning off connected serial devices to save power.
# Equivalent to right-clicking on a serial port device in Device Manager > Properties > "Power Management" Tab > Unchecking "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power."

$hubs = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_SerialPort | Select-Object Name, DeviceID, Description
$powerMgmt = Get-CimInstance -ClassName MSPower_DeviceEnable -Namespace root\wmi

foreach ($p in $powerMgmt) {
    $IN = $p.InstanceName.ToUpper()
    foreach ($h in $hubs) {
        $PNPDI = $h.PNPDeviceID
        if ($IN -like "*$PNPDI*") {
            Set-CimInstance -InputObject $p -Property @{Enable = $false}
        }
    }
}
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# SIG # End signature block

hey @ThioJoe, thanks for this little script idea, however there are a few issues with the script itself:

-like is case-insensitive, so there's no need to .ToUpper().

you iterate through:

foreach ($h in $hubs) {
    $PNPDI = $h.PNPDeviceID

but PNPDeviceID is not selected above: Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_SerialPort | Select-Object Name, DeviceID, Description, this means $h.PNPDeviceID will always be null.

Now if we use -like, then there will be issues with escaped characters, here is a slightly upgraded version that will handle these things and also print the output, and uses -match comparison operator instead.

$hubs = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_SerialPort |
           Select-Object Name, DeviceID, PNPDeviceID

$powerMgmt = Get-CimInstance -Namespace root\wmi -ClassName MSPower_DeviceEnable

foreach ($p in $powerMgmt) {
    foreach ($s in $hubs) {
        # Escape the PNPDeviceID so regex doesn't misinterpret backslashes/metacharacters
        $pattern = [regex]::Escape($s.PNPDeviceID)

        if ($p.InstanceName -match $pattern) {
            if ($p.Enable) {
                Set-CimInstance -InputObject $p -Property @{ Enable = $false }
                Write-Host "Disabled power management for $($s.Name) ($($s.DeviceID))"
            } else {
                Write-Host "Already disabled: $($s.Name) ($($s.DeviceID))"
            }
        }
    }
}