Remove and re-add a user from MacOS FileVault full disk encryption

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When a users' password has been changed on the Active Directory, you can use this procedure to remove the user from FileVault and re-add it with his new password.

sudo fdesetup remove -user username
sudo fdesetup add -usertoadd username
Enter the user name: adminusername
Enter the password for user 'adminusername':
Enter the password for the added user 'username':

Where username is the username of the user you want to remove and re-add.
And adminusername is the username of an administrative user.