Adam Brusselback Tostino

Making Postgres materialized view refreshes O(delta) instead of O(total)

Many developers assume PostgreSQL materialized views handle incremental updates out of the box. They do not. If you have a materialized view with millions of rows and a single underlying record changes, both native refresh options process the entire dataset.

Because of this limitation, anyone needing immediate maintenance or working with large datasets must abandon materialized views entirely. The standard workaround is to manually maintain a standard table using custom database triggers or application logic.

I've been working on a patch to fix this. It adds an optional WHERE clause to the REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW command, letting you scope a refresh to exactly the rows that changed. The patch is currently under review on the pgsql-hackers mailing list.

This approach requires two things. First, the materialized view must have a unique index (the same requirement as REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW ... CONCURRENTLY). Second, the

Questions for opportunity.ai Interview

Relationship with brainstems.ai

What is the exact nature of your relationship with brainstems.ai? Are you a subsidiary, partner, or customer?
How does brainstems.ai's blockchain and ML technology specifically apply to your food service solutions?
To what extent are you dependent on brainstems.ai for your core technology and operations?

Technology and Implementation

Can you provide a detailed explanation of how your ML models work in the context of food service optimization?
How do you gather and process data from various stakeholders (manufacturers, operators, brokers, distributors) while ensuring data isolation and privacy?

	-- demo.sql
	-- Materialized view, triggers, and test cases.
	-- Requires PostgreSQL with WHERE clause support on REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW.
	-- Run setup.sql first.

	----------------------------------------------------------------------
	-- TEARDOWN: Clean slate for re-runnability
	----------------------------------------------------------------------
	-- 1. Drop the Materialized View (Cascade handles attached indexes)
	DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW IF EXISTS invoice_totals CASCADE;

	import json
	import random
	import string
	from typing import List, Dict, Tuple, Callable, Optional, Any
	from dataclasses import dataclass, field
	import logging
	from collections import defaultdict, Counter
	from typing import Tuple
	from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
	import faiss

	{
	"prompt_date":"2022-06-29",
	"task":"kg",
	"system_prompt":"As an AI assistant, furnish an extensive answer that negates the user's need for supplementary information from external sources.",
	"conversation":[
	{
	"bot":"Link between the nodes: Zeta leads to Eta.",
	"user":"Describe the connection between node Zeta and node Eta.",
	"user_context":"nodes:\n - id: Alpha\n event: Protracted conflict in Ukraine\n date: Unknown\n - id: Beta\n event: West and the United States supplying Ukraine\n date: Unknown\n - id: Gamma\n event: Distribution of missile defense system to Ukraine\n date: Expected soon\n - id: Delta\n event: Ukrainian special forces running operations inside Russian territory\n date: Unknown\n - id: Epsilon\n event: Guerilla activities in Russian territory\n date: Expected soon\n - id: Zeta\n event: Sanctions causing Russia's first big default\n date: Unknown\n - id: Eta\n event: Russia cooking economic books\n

	{
	"prompt_date":"2020-03-21",
	"task":"kg",
	"system_prompt":"As an AI assistant, furnish an extensive answer that negates the user's need for supplementary information from external sources.",
	"conversation":[
	{
	"bot":"high.",
	"user":"How confident are we about the connection between Alpha and Beta?",
	"user_context":"nodes:\n - id: Alpha\n event: Recognition of essential workers\n date: 2020-03-21\n - id: Beta\n group: Essential workers\n description: People working in grocery stores, big-box stores, gas stations, and pharmacies\n - id: Gamma\n concept: Essential jobs\n description: Jobs that are necessary for society to function\n - id: Delta\n concept: Stigma attached to certain jobs\n description: Idea that jobs with a plastic name tag indicate poor life decisions\n date: Unknown\n - id: Epsilon\n event: Essential workers risking their lives\n date: 2020-03-21\n - id: Zeta\n concept: Class solidarity\n description: Sup

	Dear Representative Bilirakis,

	I am writing to you as a concerned constituent regarding recent developments at the Department of the Treasury. The reported situation with the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) having access to the Bureau of the Fiscal Service's payment systems raises grievous constitutional concerns about the separation of powers and Congress's fundamental role in our government.

	This is not merely a technical matter of administrative access – it represents a fundamental threat to Congress's constitutional authority. The Bureau of the Fiscal Service controls the distribution of over $6 trillion in payments annually, including Social Security benefits, federal salaries, and other critical disbursements that Congress has specifically authorized. Allowing DOGE to access these payment systems effectively places a private organization between Congress and its constitutionally mandated power to direct federal spending, creating an unprecedented breach in the separation of powers that our

	{"id": 24998, "part": 1, "prompt_date": "2024-05-19", "task": "formalize", "system_prompt": "You are an AI assistant that helps the user find information.", "user_context": "nope i havent watched that yet.....", "instruction": "Rewrite in a more formal manner", "response": "No, I have not viewed that yet."}
	{"id": 9016, "part": 1, "prompt_date": "2020-02-03", "task": "gec", "system_prompt": "You are an AI assistant that helps the user find information.", "user_context": "You would not think but when you are just thinking you may have the chance to invet something new and useful for humanity.", "instruction": "Fix errors in this text", "response": "You may not think it, but when you are just thinking, you may have the chance to invent something new and useful for humanity."}
	{"id": 59326, "part": 1, "prompt_date": "2026-12-24", "task": "paraphrase", "system_prompt": "Act as an AI assistant that helps people find information. Provide a detailed answer to the user.", "user_context": "This would be a great time f