A syntax for Cottle.

Cottle.sublime-syntax

%YAML 1.2
---
file_extensions:
  - cottle
scope: source.cottle
contexts:
  main:
    - include: cottle_code_block
    - include: expressions

  comment:
    - match: \_(?!\w+)
      scope: punctuation.definition.comment.cottle
      push: comment_body

  comment_body:
    - meta_scope: comment.line.underscore.cottle
    - match: ($\n?)|(?=\})
      pop: true

  cottle_code_block:
    - match: \{
      scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.cottle
      push: cottle_code_block_body

  cottle_code_block_body:
    - meta_scope: meta.block.cottle
    - match: \}
      scope: punctuation.section.block.end.cottle
      pop: true
    - include: statements
    - include: builtin_functions
    - include: comment
    - include: cottle_code_block
    - include: group_expression
    - include: expressions
    - match: \b(echo|dump|set|to)\b
      scope: constant.language.cottle

  builtin_functions:
    - match: |-
        (?x:
          \b(and|cmp|default|defined|eq|ge|gt|has|le|lt|ne|not|or|xor|when|abs|add
            |ceil|cos|div|floor|max|min|mod|mul|pow|rand|round|sin|sub|cat|cross|
            |except|find|filter|flip|join|len|map|range|slice|sort|union|zip|char
            |format|lcase|match|ord|split|token|ucase|cast|type|call)\b
        )(?=\()
      scope: meta.function-call.cottle
      captures:
        1: support.function.builtin.cottle
        2: punctuation.section.arguments.begin.cottle
      push: builtin_functions_body

  builtin_functions_body:
    - match: \(
      scope: punctuation.section.arguments.begin.cottle
      set: builtin_functions_parameters

  builtin_functions_parameters:
    - meta_scope: meta.function-call.cottle
    - match: \)
      scope: punctuation.section.arguments.end.cottle
      pop: true
    - include: expressions
    - match: ','
      scope: punctuation.separator.arguments.cottle

  statements:
    - include: for_statement
    - include: while_statement
    - include: if_statement
    - include: else_statement
    - include: elif_statement

  while_statement:
    - match: \b(while)\b
      scope: keyword.control.loop.while.cottle
      push: while_statement_body

  while_statement_body:
    - meta_scope: meta.while.cottle
    - match: ':'
      scope: punctuation.section.block.loop.while.cottle
      pop: true
    - include: expressions

  for_statement:
    - match: \b(for)\b
      scope: keyword.control.loop.for.cottle
      push: for_statement_body

  for_statement_body:
    - meta_scope: meta.for.cottle
    - match: \b(in)\b
      scope: keyword.control.loop.for.in.cottle
      set: in_statement
    - include: expressions

  in_statement:
    - match: ':'
      scope: punctuation.section.block.loop.for.cottle
      pop: true
    - include: expressions

  else_statement:
    - match: (\|\s*)\b(else)\b(?:\s*(:))?
      scope: meta.else.cottle
      captures:
        1: punctuation.definition.else.cottle
        2: keyword.control.conditional.else.cottle
        3: punctuation.section.conditional.block.else.cottle

  if_statement:
    - match: \b(if)\b
      scope: keyword.control.conditional.if.cottle
      push: if_statement_body

  if_statement_body:
    - meta_scope: meta.if.cottle
    - match: ':'
      scope: punctuation.section.conditional.block.if.cottle
      pop: true
    - include: expressions

  elif_statement:
    - match: (\|\s*)\b(elif)\b
      captures:
        1: punctuation.definition.elif.cottle
        2: keyword.control.conditional.elseif.cottle
      push: elif_statement_body

  elif_statement_body:
    - meta_scope: meta.elif.cottle
    - match: ':'
      scope: punctuation.section.conditional.block.if.cottle
      pop: true
    - include: expressions

  expressions:
    - include: group_expression
    - include: map
    - include: operators
    - include: number
    - include: string
    - include: booleans

  booleans:
    - match: \b(true|false)\b
      scope: constant.language.boolean.cottle

  map:
    - match: \[
      scope: punctuation.definition.map.begin.cottle
      push: map_body

  map_body:
    - meta_scope: meta.map.cottle
    - match: \]
      scope: punctuation.definition.map.end.cottle
      pop: true
    - include: expressions
    - match: ':'
      scope: punctuation.separator.mapping.key-value.cottle
    - match: ','
      scope: punctuation.separator.sequence.cottle

  group_expression:
    - match: \(
      scope: punctuation.section.group.begin.cottle
      push: group_expression_body

  group_expression_body:
    - meta_scope: meta.group.cottle
    - match: \)
      scope: punctuation.section.group.end.cottle
      pop: true
    - include: expressions

  operators:
    - match: '(\+|\-|\*|\/|\%)'
      scope: keyword.operator.arithmetic.cottle
    - match: '[!<>]='
      scope: keyword.operator.comparison.cottle
    - match: '[<>]'
      scope: keyword.operator.comparison.cottle
    - match: '[|&]{2}'
      scope: keyword.operator.logical.cottle
    - match: '='
      scope: keyword.operator.assignment.cottle
    - match: '!'
      scope: keyword.operator.logical.cottle

  number:
    - match: \d+
      scope: meta.number.integer.decimal.cottle
      captures:
        0: constant.numeric.value.cottle

  string:
    - include: double_quoted_string
    - include: single_quoted_string

  double_quoted_string:
    - match: \"
      scope: punctuation.definition.string.begin.cottle
      push: double_quoted_string_body

  double_quoted_string_body:
    - meta_scope: meta.string.cottle string.quoted.double.cottle
    - match: \"
      scope: punctuation.definition.string.end.cottle
      pop: true
    - match: \{
      scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.cottle
      push: cottle_code_block_body_within_string

  cottle_code_block_body_within_string:
    - clear_scopes: 1
    - meta_scope: meta.block.cottle
    - match: \}
      scope: punctuation.section.block.end.cottle
      pop: true
    - include: statements
    - include: builtin_functions
    - include: comment
    - include: cottle_code_block
    - include: group_expression
    - include: expressions
    - match: \b(echo|dump|set|to)\b
      scope: constant.language.cottle

  single_quoted_string:
    - match: \'
      scope: punctuation.definition.string.begin.cottle
      push: single_quoted_string_body

  single_quoted_string_body:
    - meta_scope: meta.string.cottle string.quoted.single.cottle
    - match: \'
      scope: punctuation.definition.string.end.cottle
      pop: true
    - match: \{
      scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.cottle
      push: cottle_code_block_body_within_string

I've changed your cottle_code_block_body_within_string context in this way

Aah ! Good catch with this one. Yeah, this is much more suitable than mine. I don't know why I did not do it this way :P

Look at lines 10, 14, and 18, and also at the last dot at line 20: these should be all strings

Hmm... The issue with this is that they don't have an identifying nature that could be used to mark them as strings ? I thought these are just plain text.

My understanding is that we should rule that whatever remains that is not already catched by all the syntax rules then is a sring.unquoted. Problem is making it working inside code blocks...?
HOW to make this rule i don't know.

My understanding is that we should rule that whatever remains that is not already catched by all the syntax rules then is a sring.unquoted.

Unfortunately, there isn't (to my knowledge) a way to do something like that.